A catastrophic heavy downpour was recorded in the month of November-December 2015 which devastated wealth, lives, disturbed the livelihood and regular activity of common man of Chennai city and its surroundings. Indian Metrological Department (IMD), Chennai warned the people in Chennai in advance about the atmospheric depression developed in the Indian Ocean region and moving towards Tamil Nadu coast. The Numerical Weather Modeling (NWM) retrieved parameters such as temperature and Zenith Total Delay (ZTD) along with the ISC earthquake catalog were analysed for the root cause of this phenomena and found a relation between the onset of the atmospheric weather change and the swarms of 8^th to 9^th November 2015 in the Indian Ocean region and associated thermal radiation. These swarms are generally associated with the submarine volcanic activity which released the thermal radiation from ocean floor that caused the ocean water to warm and evaporate. The consequence of incessant rainfall and the weather condition deviated from the normal climate and monsoon pattern. Thus, the abnormal and distinct weather condition that prevailed during the period has been triggered by the swarms in the north Sumatra oceanic region and the resultant effect was the great pluvial flood disaster in Chennai and its surroundings in November-December 2015.

Wavelet domain denoising is based on the sparsity property of the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) due to which information is contained in a few coefficients of high magnitude while noise is represented by a large number of small coefficients. The critically sampled DWT suffers from the drawbacks of being shift-variant and lacking the capacity to process directional information in images. Therefore the undecimated double density dual tree DWT (UDDDT-DWT) is used as it is highly directional and shift invariant. As the level of decomposition increases the number coefficients pertaining to signal increases and it is required that the number of coefficients retained be increased accordingly. The Birge Massart strategy is used therefore to compute the level dependent threshold which is applied using soft thresholding. Experimental results over a range of noise variances indicate that the proposed method performs better than other state of the art methods considered.

It is extremely time consuming for researchers looking for particular events of interest to manually search in the video database. Therefore, there is enormous scope in research in the field of automatic extraction of key frames from underwater video sequences. Analysis of underwater video poses many challenges to existing techniques in computer vision including camera movement, turbidity, uneven background, non uniform lighting, moving objects in the underwater and inaccessibility of environment. The main aim of this paper is to (i) describe about the existing methods for key frame extraction, (ii) emphasize the key challenges in underwater environment, (iii) propose a new method to extract key frames which suits for underwater environment, (iv) perform the automatic detection and characterization of events of interest in underwater videos.

Background/Objectives: Cryoablation is a minimally invasive treatment option for patients with a small renal mass (SRM). We aimed to present the long-term functional and oncologic outcomes of cryoablation for SRMs. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients treated with percutaneous or laparoscopic cryoablation for an SRM (≤4 cm in diameter) at our tertiary hospital between October 2001 and December 2011. Primary outcomes included technical failure (persistent CT enhancement post-ablation) and progression (local recurrence or metastasis). Trifecta is defined as the absence of severe complications (Clavien–Dindo > 2), no oncological progression, and ≤10% decline in eGFR. Results: A total of 129 patients with a median age of 67 (IQR 58–74) years were analyzed. The median (IQR) clinical and radiologic follow-ups across all patients were 136 (54–180) and 74 (23–147) months, respectively, with a median (IQR) tumor volume of 3.3 (1.6–6.6) cm³. Among those with available biopsy data (n = 86), 62 (72%) were diagnosed with Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC), and 24 (28%) exhibited benign pathologies, including angiomyolipoma, oncocytic neoplasm, and non-diagnostic pathology. Of all patients, six experienced high-grade complications. Among non-solitary kidney patients with available creatinine values between 13 and 36 months post-treatment, 64% had ≤10% eGFR decline compared to baseline. Notably, 58% (26/48) of patients with RCC (non-solitary kidney) achieved our trifecta definition at 36 months. Metastasis-free, cancer-specific, and overall survival at 15-year follow-up were 85%, 96%, and 46%, respectively. Univariable regression identified tumor volume and solitary kidney status at ablation as significant predictors for oncological progression. Conclusions: Cryoablation for the SRM showed sustained oncological and functional efficacy over long-term follow-up.

The idea of reversible logic is another emerging architecture that has developed its ground in research area. This argument implied zero heat dissipation at the device. According to the physical laws of quantum mechanical effect and the law of coulomb the function and heat relations are satisfied. In this paper, a carry-looking generator is built using reversible logic and its QCA have been reported. To achieve the proposed design use was made of Toffoli and BJN gate. Comparing simulation outcomes to theoretical values verifies the design. The proposed model is tested and simulated using version 2.0.3 of the QCA Designer method.