This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Weeds account for losses in crop yields, and this event might be exacerbated by salinity. Therefore, we investigated the responses of Chenopodium album L. and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) to salt stress, as well as interferences between species. Ten-day old plants were grown for 1 week in a single- or mixed-species set-up, either with or without 100 mM of NaCl. C. album reduced the biomass of soybean similarly to salt stress, while its growth was unaffected under any condition. C. album decreased the crop protein content when salinity was applied. This effect was ascribed to altered protein metabolism and/or N usage to produce other N metabolites, including osmolytes. The two species did not reciprocally affect the capacity to accumulate Na+, but the weed contained two-fold more Na+ in the leaves. Elevated initial K+ concentration and high K+ delivery to the shoot likely explained the better acclimation of C. album to salinity. C. album produced more phenolics and proline and exhibited greater antioxidant activity, but low lipid peroxidation, in the mixed set-up under salinity. Thus, it is possible that the weed could become more resilient to salinity when growing in a soybean field. In the long term, this might cause significant losses in soybean productivity as expected by the dramatic decline in crop protein content.
Aurora Ghirardelli; Michela Schiavon; Giuseppe Zanin; Piotr Ostapczuk; Roberta Masin. Short-Term Responses to Salinity of Soybean and Chenopodium album Grown in Single and Mixed-Species Hydroponic Systems. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1481 .
AMA StyleAurora Ghirardelli, Michela Schiavon, Giuseppe Zanin, Piotr Ostapczuk, Roberta Masin. Short-Term Responses to Salinity of Soybean and Chenopodium album Grown in Single and Mixed-Species Hydroponic Systems. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (8):1481.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAurora Ghirardelli; Michela Schiavon; Giuseppe Zanin; Piotr Ostapczuk; Roberta Masin. 2021. "Short-Term Responses to Salinity of Soybean and Chenopodium album Grown in Single and Mixed-Species Hydroponic Systems." Agronomy 11, no. 8: 1481.
Weed management is a crucial issue in agriculture, resulting in environmental in-field and off-field impacts. Within Agriculture 4.0, adoption of UASs combined with spatially explicit approaches may drastically reduce doses of herbicides, increasing sustainability in weed management. However, Agriculture 4.0 technologies are barely adopted in small-medium size farms. Recently, small and low-cost UASs, together with open-source software packages, may represent a low-cost spatially explicit system to map weed distribution in crop fields. The general aim is to map weed distribution by a low-cost UASs and a replicable workflow, completely based on open GIS software and algorithms: OpenDroneMap, QGIS, SAGA and OpenCV classification algorithms. Specific objectives are: (i) testing a low-cost UAS for weed mapping; (ii) assessing open-source packages for semi-automatic weed classification; (iii) performing a sustainable management scenario by prescription maps. Results showed high performances along the whole process: in orthomosaic generation at very high spatial resolution (0.01 m/pixel), in testing weed detection (Matthews Correlation Coefficient: 0.67–0.74), and in the production of prescription maps, reducing herbicide treatment to only 3.47% of the entire field. This study reveals the feasibility of low-cost UASs combined with open-source software, enabling a spatially explicit approach for weed management in small-medium size farmlands.
Pietro Mattivi; Salvatore Pappalardo; Nebojša Nikolić; Luca Mandolesi; Antonio Persichetti; Massimo De Marchi; Roberta Masin. Can Commercial Low-Cost Drones and Open-Source GIS Technologies Be Suitable for Semi-Automatic Weed Mapping for Smart Farming? A Case Study in NE Italy. Remote Sensing 2021, 13, 1869 .
AMA StylePietro Mattivi, Salvatore Pappalardo, Nebojša Nikolić, Luca Mandolesi, Antonio Persichetti, Massimo De Marchi, Roberta Masin. Can Commercial Low-Cost Drones and Open-Source GIS Technologies Be Suitable for Semi-Automatic Weed Mapping for Smart Farming? A Case Study in NE Italy. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13 (10):1869.
Chicago/Turabian StylePietro Mattivi; Salvatore Pappalardo; Nebojša Nikolić; Luca Mandolesi; Antonio Persichetti; Massimo De Marchi; Roberta Masin. 2021. "Can Commercial Low-Cost Drones and Open-Source GIS Technologies Be Suitable for Semi-Automatic Weed Mapping for Smart Farming? A Case Study in NE Italy." Remote Sensing 13, no. 10: 1869.
Effective weed management depends on correct control timing, which depends on seedling emergence dynamics. Since soil temperature and soil moisture are the two main factors that determine weed germination, the hydrothermal time model can be used to predict their emergence. The aim of this study was to estimate the base temperature (Tb) and base water potential (Ψb) for the germination of Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus, Setaria pumila, and Panicum capillare collected from fields in continental Croatia and then to compare these values with those of Italian populations embedded in the AlertInf model. Germination tests were performed at seven constant temperatures (ranging from 4 to 27 °C) and eight water potentials (0.00–1.00 MPa). The estimated Tb and Ψb were 3.4 °C and −1.38 MPa for C. album, 13.9 °C and −0.36 MPa for A. retroflexus, 6.6 °C and −0.71 MPa for S. pumila, and 11.0 °C and −0.87 MPa for P. capillare, respectively. According to the criterion of overlap of the 95% confidence intervals, only the Tb of C. album and the Ψb of A. retroflexus of the Croatian and Italian populations were similar. Further field experiments should be conducted to monitor the weed emergence patterns of C. album and calibrate the AlerInf equation parameters.
Valentina Šoštarčić; Roberta Masin; Donato Loddo; Ema Brijačak; Maja Šćepanović. Germination Parameters of Selected Summer Weeds: Transferring of the AlertInf Model to Other Geographical Regions. Agronomy 2021, 11, 292 .
AMA StyleValentina Šoštarčić, Roberta Masin, Donato Loddo, Ema Brijačak, Maja Šćepanović. Germination Parameters of Selected Summer Weeds: Transferring of the AlertInf Model to Other Geographical Regions. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (2):292.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValentina Šoštarčić; Roberta Masin; Donato Loddo; Ema Brijačak; Maja Šćepanović. 2021. "Germination Parameters of Selected Summer Weeds: Transferring of the AlertInf Model to Other Geographical Regions." Agronomy 11, no. 2: 292.
Weed behaviour in crop fields has been extensively studied; nevertheless, limited knowledge is available for particular cropping systems, such as no-till systems. Improving weed management under no-till conditions requires an understanding of the interaction between crop residues and the seedling emergence process. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of maize and wheat residues, applied in three different quantities (1, the field quantity, 0.5, and 1.5-fold amounts of the field quantity), on the emergence of eight weed species: Abutilon theophrasti, Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinochloa crus-galli, Setaria pumila, Sonchus oleraceus, and Sorghum halepense. The experiment was conducted over two consecutive years. The results showed that the quantities 1 and 1.5 could suppress seedling emergence by 20 and 44%, respectively, while the quantity 0.5 seems to promote emergence by 22% compared with the control without residues. Weed species showed different responses to crop residues, from C. album showing 56% less emergence to S. halepense showing a 44% higher emergence than the control without residues. Different meteorological conditions in the two-year experiment also exhibited a significant influence on weed species emergence.
Nebojša Nikolić; Donato Loddo; Roberta Masin. Effect of Crop Residues on Weed Emergence. Agronomy 2021, 11, 163 .
AMA StyleNebojša Nikolić, Donato Loddo, Roberta Masin. Effect of Crop Residues on Weed Emergence. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (1):163.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNebojša Nikolić; Donato Loddo; Roberta Masin. 2021. "Effect of Crop Residues on Weed Emergence." Agronomy 11, no. 1: 163.
The aquifer north of Vicenza, Italy, is one of the main and most studied drinking water reservoirs within the Veneto region. The area is an intensive cropland, and monitoring of s-triazine herbicides and metabolites has been carried out since the late eighties. This study analysed the trends of atrazine (ATR), terbuthylazine (TBZ), deethyl-atrazine (DEA), and deethyl-terbuthylazine (DET) concentrations from 1987 to 2016 and related the variations of agricultural land use, herbicide load, and pesticide regulations to the residence time of pollutants in the aquifer. In total, 785 water samples collected from 82 selected check wells were analysed with high-resolution gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. Non-detects were substituted by one-half the limit of detection. Over the 30 years of monitoring, concentrations of all of the pollutants decreased at all sampling sites. Since the beginning, TBZ and DET residues have been systematically lower than ATR and DEA, respectively, with more than 70% of the data below the limit of detection and never exceeding the European Maximum Acceptable Concentration (MAC) for a single pesticide (0.1 μg/L). The highest concentrations of ATR and DEA showed a spatial shift along the flow direction, suggesting an increase in groundwater residence time from the recharge zone to the accumulation zone of the aquifer. The last residues of ATR were found 27 years after its ban. Although all of the concentrations were lower than those found elsewhere in Europe, the sum of s-triazines overcame the MAC in 20% of the samples. Considering the structural and toxicological similarities of s-triazines, these findings confirm the necessity of better characterisation of the toxicological risk posed by mixtures.
Aurora Ghirardelli; Stefan Otto; Roberta Masin; Cristian Bano; Lorenzo Altissimo; Sonia Russo; Giuseppe Zanin. Thirty-year monitoring of s-triazine herbicide contamination in the aquifer north of Vicenza (north-east Italy). Science of The Total Environment 2020, 752, 141647 .
AMA StyleAurora Ghirardelli, Stefan Otto, Roberta Masin, Cristian Bano, Lorenzo Altissimo, Sonia Russo, Giuseppe Zanin. Thirty-year monitoring of s-triazine herbicide contamination in the aquifer north of Vicenza (north-east Italy). Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 752 ():141647.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAurora Ghirardelli; Stefan Otto; Roberta Masin; Cristian Bano; Lorenzo Altissimo; Sonia Russo; Giuseppe Zanin. 2020. "Thirty-year monitoring of s-triazine herbicide contamination in the aquifer north of Vicenza (north-east Italy)." Science of The Total Environment 752, no. : 141647.
Weeds are one of the major problems in agriculture, they can reduce yield, interfere with harvest and serve as hosts to possibly harmful organisms. For a successful agricultural production, weed issue must be tackled in the begging, during the germination-emergence phase. With different management systems weed seed bank is exposed to different field conditions which may favour or obstruct the germination. One of these conditions is the presence or the absence of crop residues on the soil surface, very common in the newer agricultural practices, such as Conservation Agriculture. In this work the germination of eight weed species: Abuthilon theophrasti, Setaria glauca, Digitaria sanguinalis, Sorghum halepense, Amaranthus retroflexus, Sonchus oleraceus, Chenopodium album and Echinochloa crus-galli, was examined under the residues of two crop species maize (Zea mays) and wheat (Triticum sp.). For each weed species 200 seeds were used, while three different quantities of residues were used for the two crops, the quantity measured in one square meter of the field (1), half of that quantity (0,5) and a half more than the one measured in the field (1,5), plus control, without residues. The experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of the University of Padova in Legnaro (PD) in a 8x2x3 factorial design with three blocks, plus three control repetitions. Seeds of each weed species were sown in an area of 20 cm2. Before the beginning of the experiment, the soil from the designated areas was removed and sterilized at 105°C in order to prevent contamination by the seeds already present in the soil. Once the soil was sterilized and restored to the field, the seeds were sown on the surface of the soil and covered with the respective quantity of the respective crop residue or left uncovered in the case of control. The experiment started on December 2018, and the seeds were left undisturbed during the winter, imitating natural conditions. Seeds started germinating on March 2019 and were controlled twice a week until the end of germination process, all germinated plants were removed and counted. ANOVA and LSD analysis were performed on cumulated germination data. Only quantity of residues and weed species resulted significant as factors (p-value < 0,000). The results showed that the quantity 1 and 1,5 can reduce the germination from 10 to 30% respectively, while quantity 0,5 can in fact increase germination by 15%. As for the weed species, they were all more inhibited by the higher concentrations of residues, but in respect to control it was observed that some of them seemed to be favoured by the low presence of residues S. halepense and A. theophrasti, not particularly influenced were A. retroflexus, E. crus-galli and S. oleraceus, while C. album, D. sanguinalis and S. glauca showed major germination rate reduction. In conclusion, to obtain the weed inhibitory effect, it seems very important to pay particular attention to the homogeneity of the distribution of the crop residues on the soil surface, low residue density areas could favour weeds.
Nebojša Nikolić; Donato Loddo; Roberta Masin. Influence of crop residues on weed emergence. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleNebojša Nikolić, Donato Loddo, Roberta Masin. Influence of crop residues on weed emergence. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNebojša Nikolić; Donato Loddo; Roberta Masin. 2020. "Influence of crop residues on weed emergence." , no. : 1.
Glyphosate is the most used herbicide worldwide, especially in conservation agriculture, where the lack of mechanical weed control often necessitates chemical inputs. In conservation agriculture, the elimination of tillage operations leads to changes in soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. Consequently, herbicide environmental fate may be potentially altered relatively to conventional tillage systems. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the effect of conservation agriculture and conventional tillage on the adsorption of glyphosate and on the dissipation of glyphosate and its primary metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) at two depths, 0−5 and 5−20 cm.
The field trial was conducted from October 2018 to April 2019 at the Padua University Experimental Farm, North-East Italy. Glyphosate was applied as a formulated product (Roundup Power 2.0) at a dose of 1.44 kg/ha of the active ingredient. The dissipation of glyphosate and the formation/dissipation of AMPA were followed for 182 days after their application. The concentrations of glyphosate and AMPA in the soil were analysed by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The dissipation of glyphosate was described by the first-order multicompartment model (FOMC), whereas the model for AMPA was composed of an FOMC degradation model for glyphosate and the single first-order degradation model for AMPA. The estimated trend of concentrations over time for both glyphosate and AMPA were used to derive their DT50 (time required for 50% dissipation of the initial concentration).
The results indicate an increase in glyphosate adsorption in non-tilled soil compared to the tilled soil, at both depths. Glyphosate initial dissipation was fast, followed by a slower decline. At 0–5 cm no significant difference was observed in glyphosate persistence between the two soil managements, whereas at 5–20 cm glyphosate was more persistent in non-tilled soil (DT50 18 days) than in tilled soil (DT50 8 days). The fast initial dissipation of glyphosate was reflected in an increase in the concentration of AMPA. AMPA persisted longer than glyphosate but, for this metabolite, no apparent effect was observed in response to the different soil management. The higher persistence of glyphosate under conservation tillage might increase the risk of on-site soil pollution due to the accumulation of this chemical, especially in the case of repeated applications of glyphosate. Nevertheless, high glyphosate adsorption observed in non-tilled soil may reduce the leaching potential to lower soil depths.
This abstract falls in the group “Soil contamination” and the subgroup “Experimental assessment”.
Laura Carretta; Alessandra Cardinali; Giuseppe Zanin; Roberta Masin. Glyphosate and AMPA dissipation at different depths in conventional and conservation agriculture. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleLaura Carretta, Alessandra Cardinali, Giuseppe Zanin, Roberta Masin. Glyphosate and AMPA dissipation at different depths in conventional and conservation agriculture. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLaura Carretta; Alessandra Cardinali; Giuseppe Zanin; Roberta Masin. 2020. "Glyphosate and AMPA dissipation at different depths in conventional and conservation agriculture." , no. : 1.
Field management practices can alter the physical and chemical properties of the soil, also causing changes to the seed bank. Alterations can also occur to the soil microbial community, which in turn can increase or diminish the process of weed seed decay. In this research, the issue of seed degradation was studied in an undisturbed and a no-till soil, trying not only to uncover where seeds are more degraded, but also to investigate the microbial activities that could be involved in this process. Six different weed species, commonly found in northern Italy, were used: Abutilon theopharsti, Alopecurus myosuroides, Amaranthus retroflexus, Digitaria sanguinalis, Portulaca oleracea and Sorghum halepense. Seed decay was tested in two different sites, a no-till field and the adjacent buffer zone. Soil microbial activity was also measured using the Fertimetro, an approach based on the degradation of cotton and silk threads buried in the soil for one week. Degradation of the buried seeds was higher in the no-till field soil than in the buffer strip for all the studied species as was the microbial cellulolytic activity. Even though the buffer strip soil is an undisturbed habitat and resulted as having higher organic matter, the no-till soil conditions appeared more unfavourable to seed viability. Our findings suggest that no-till management can improve weed seed suppression in the soil. Moreover, cellulolytic microorganisms play an important role in seedbank longevity, so cellulolytic activity surveys could be used as an early monitoring bioindicator for weed seed suppression in soil.
Nebojša Nikolić; Andrea Squartini; Giuseppe Concheri; Piergiorgio Stevanato; Giuseppe Zanin; Roberta Masin. Weed Seed Decay in No-Till Field and Planted Riparian Buffer Zone. Plants 2020, 9, 293 .
AMA StyleNebojša Nikolić, Andrea Squartini, Giuseppe Concheri, Piergiorgio Stevanato, Giuseppe Zanin, Roberta Masin. Weed Seed Decay in No-Till Field and Planted Riparian Buffer Zone. Plants. 2020; 9 (3):293.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNebojša Nikolić; Andrea Squartini; Giuseppe Concheri; Piergiorgio Stevanato; Giuseppe Zanin; Roberta Masin. 2020. "Weed Seed Decay in No-Till Field and Planted Riparian Buffer Zone." Plants 9, no. 3: 293.
This study evaluates the effect of sewage amendment (SA) on the dissipation of terbuthylazine, its degradation compound desethyl-terbuthylazine, and S-metolachlor in the soil. The experiment was conducted at Padua Experimental Farm (Italy). Herbicides dissipation was evaluated in soils differently fertilized for three years: with inorganic fertilizer, with sewage sludge, and with a combination of them. Terbuthylazine and S-metolachlor were applied on sorghum as a formulated product at a dose of 2.8 L ha-1, and their dissipation was followed for 2.5 months. The concentrations of herbicides and one metabolite in soil were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The dissipation of terbuthylazine and S-metolachlor followed a pseudo first order kinetics; they dissipated faster in soil amended only with inorganic fertilizer than in soils amended with sewage or sewage + inorganic fertilizer. The reduction in mineralization of the herbicides after sewage addition can be attributed to the reduced herbicide availability to microorganisms. The degradation of terbuthylazine led to the formation of desethyl-terbuthylazine. SA slowed down the formation and the degradation of desethyl-terbuthylazine, leading to a higher amount measured at the end of the incubation. These findings have practical implications for the assessment of the environmental fate of terbuthylazine and S-metolachlor in agricultural areas.
Laura Carretta; Alessandra Cardinali; Giuseppe Zanin; Roberta Masin. Effect of sewage amendment on the dissipation of terbuthylazine, its degradation compound desethyl-terbuthylazine, and S-metolachlor in a field study. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 2019, 54, 187 -195.
AMA StyleLaura Carretta, Alessandra Cardinali, Giuseppe Zanin, Roberta Masin. Effect of sewage amendment on the dissipation of terbuthylazine, its degradation compound desethyl-terbuthylazine, and S-metolachlor in a field study. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B. 2019; 54 (3):187-195.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLaura Carretta; Alessandra Cardinali; Giuseppe Zanin; Roberta Masin. 2019. "Effect of sewage amendment on the dissipation of terbuthylazine, its degradation compound desethyl-terbuthylazine, and S-metolachlor in a field study." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 54, no. 3: 187-195.
Abutilon theophrasti is a weed that is spreading worldwide and that has had to adapt to different combinations of environmental conditions. Wide interpopulation variability has been reported regarding dormancy and germination. This variability, controlled by the interaction of genetic diversity and maternal effect, could hinder the adoption of Integrated Weed Management (IWM) tools. A collaborative project was conducted to compare emergence dynamics of 12 European and North American populations under diverse environmental conditions. The main aim was to assess interpopulation variability and explain this according to environmental conditions in the seed collection sites. Seeds were sown at six experimental sites, and seedling emergence was monitored. The AlertInf model was tested to evaluate its ability to predict emergence dynamics of the different populations. A wide interpopulation variability was observed for emergence percentage and dynamics with consistent trends across sites and related to different seed dormancy levels. Populations from Catalonia, Iowa and Minnesota reached higher emergence percentage with earlier and concentrated emergence flushes probably due to low dormancy level, while populations from Croatia, Serbia and Hungary, given their low average emergence percentage, presented high dormancy levels. Good predictive accuracy of AlertInf model was obtained at the different sites, confirming the possibility of adopting it across a wide range of environmental conditions. Achieving a better knowledge of interpopulation variability can allow specific control strategies to be designed, facilitating the replacement of solely herbicide‐based management with true IWM.
D Loddo; D Bozic; I M Calha; J Dorado; J Izquierdo; M Šćepanović; K Barić; S Carlesi; R Leskovsek; D Peterson; V P Vasileiadis; A Veres; S Vrbničanin; R Masin. Variability in seedling emergence for European and North American populations ofAbutilon theophrasti. Weed Research 2018, 59, 15 -27.
AMA StyleD Loddo, D Bozic, I M Calha, J Dorado, J Izquierdo, M Šćepanović, K Barić, S Carlesi, R Leskovsek, D Peterson, V P Vasileiadis, A Veres, S Vrbničanin, R Masin. Variability in seedling emergence for European and North American populations ofAbutilon theophrasti. Weed Research. 2018; 59 (1):15-27.
Chicago/Turabian StyleD Loddo; D Bozic; I M Calha; J Dorado; J Izquierdo; M Šćepanović; K Barić; S Carlesi; R Leskovsek; D Peterson; V P Vasileiadis; A Veres; S Vrbničanin; R Masin. 2018. "Variability in seedling emergence for European and North American populations ofAbutilon theophrasti." Weed Research 59, no. 1: 15-27.
V. Cirillo; R. Masin; A. Maggio; G. Zanin. Crop-weed interactions in saline environments. European Journal of Agronomy 2018, 99, 51 -61.
AMA StyleV. Cirillo, R. Masin, A. Maggio, G. Zanin. Crop-weed interactions in saline environments. European Journal of Agronomy. 2018; 99 ():51-61.
Chicago/Turabian StyleV. Cirillo; R. Masin; A. Maggio; G. Zanin. 2018. "Crop-weed interactions in saline environments." European Journal of Agronomy 99, no. : 51-61.
Modelling weed seedling emergence pattern appears to be a promising approach in the development of effective weed management programmes based on the selection of optimal timing of control operations. Thermal and hydrothermal time models propose that seed germination rates are proportional to the amount by which temperature and water potential exceed threshold values for these environmental factors. Hence, base temperature for seed germination is a fundamental biological parameter for the prediction of weed emergence. A series of laboratory experiments were conducted to estimate base temperature in three weed species belonging to the Asteraceae family, predominant in conservation tillage fields in north-eastern Italy. The traditional method based on germination assays at constant temperatures was compared with a method based on assays at alternating temperatures. The latter might represent an alternative to the former for those species which do not germinate or only poorly under constant temperatures. Base temperature was estimated by regressing the reciprocal of the median germination time on temperature comparing two functions, a broken-stick and an exponential-type model. Both models showed good fit to all data in the whole temperature range and in almost all cases provided similar estimates of base temperature. The main result is that, for the weed species examined in this study, the use of alternating temperatures for base temperature estimation appears to be possible. However, further research is required to test if the use of germination assays performed at alternating temperatures can be a suitable method to estimate base temperature of species that have too low germination at constant temperatures.
Roberta Masin; A Onofri; V Gasparini; G Zanin. Can alternating temperatures be used to estimate base temperature for seed germination? Weed Research 2017, 57, 390 -398.
AMA StyleRoberta Masin, A Onofri, V Gasparini, G Zanin. Can alternating temperatures be used to estimate base temperature for seed germination? Weed Research. 2017; 57 (6):390-398.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoberta Masin; A Onofri; V Gasparini; G Zanin. 2017. "Can alternating temperatures be used to estimate base temperature for seed germination?" Weed Research 57, no. 6: 390-398.
Donato Loddo; Vasileios Vasileiadis; R. Masin; M.C. Zuin; G. Zanin. Inhibiting effect of shallow seed burial on grass weed emergence. Plant Protection Science 2016, 52, 64 -69.
AMA StyleDonato Loddo, Vasileios Vasileiadis, R. Masin, M.C. Zuin, G. Zanin. Inhibiting effect of shallow seed burial on grass weed emergence. Plant Protection Science. 2016; 52 (No. 1):64-69.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDonato Loddo; Vasileios Vasileiadis; R. Masin; M.C. Zuin; G. Zanin. 2016. "Inhibiting effect of shallow seed burial on grass weed emergence." Plant Protection Science 52, no. No. 1: 64-69.
Weed diversity is one of the focuses of attention of researchers, and it can be evaluated with different indices, mainly based on species richness and community evenness. In intensive cropping systems, much of the diversity is concentrated in semi-natural areas in the neighbouring habitats of arable fields. This study assessed weed diversity for seedbank and vegetation in an organically farmed valley in north-eastern Italy. Assessment was carried out with indices based on species abundance, together with Rényi diversity that also considers abundance distribution and Rao’s quadratic entropy, which considers dissimilarity between species. A complete quadratic entropy approach for weeds is described. It is known that landscape context may affect community structure, and as an example of application of diversity indices in weed research, the correlation with the surrounding landscape complexity was evaluated. Results show that a community can be relatively balanced with even just a few species. With diversity indices based on species abundance only, it is therefore difficult to quantify balance. The Rényi diversity can overcome this limit, and the quadratic entropy can isolate extreme communities. In conclusion, the diversity of a weed community can be better evaluated using more diversity indexes, and the quadratic entropy can provide new criteria for ranking the diversity and combine a number of traits into a single numerical descriptor. The correlation between landscape complexity and weed diversity is low but confirms that agro-environmental schemes should consider the management of fields and landscape together
Stefan Otto; Vasileios Vasileiadis; R Masin; G Zanin. Evaluating weed diversity with indices of varying complexity in north-eastern Italy. Weed Research 2012, 52, 373 -382.
AMA StyleStefan Otto, Vasileios Vasileiadis, R Masin, G Zanin. Evaluating weed diversity with indices of varying complexity in north-eastern Italy. Weed Research. 2012; 52 (4):373-382.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStefan Otto; Vasileios Vasileiadis; R Masin; G Zanin. 2012. "Evaluating weed diversity with indices of varying complexity in north-eastern Italy." Weed Research 52, no. 4: 373-382.
Sorghum halepense is a rhizomatous perennial summer weed. It spreads by seeds and rhizomes that form ramets. The development of predictive models for ramet emergence (RE) from rhizomes may provide important information about their seasonal dynamics and consequently for the timing of control operations. The aim of this work was to analyse the effect of temperature on S. halepense rhizome sprouting (RS) and to estimate its base temperature, which is the first step for creating mathematical models to predict RE. Rhizomes collected from two North Italian populations were incubated at several constant temperatures. The total number of ramets, sprouted rhizomes and their ratio (ramet/sprouted rhizome) were calculated. The influence of temperature on sprouting performances was analysed. Base temperature was calculated using two methods: the reciprocal time of 50% RS (method) and RE (method). Confidence limits (at 0.95 level) were defined for each estimated base temperature using a bootstrap method. Base temperatures were compared to verify whether there were differences between populations and methods. Results indicated a significant stimulating effect of temperature on S. halepense rhizome performances. Estimated base temperatures did not differ between populations, nor between methods within a population (Padova RS 9.7 ± 1.25°C (confidence limits), RE 10.0 ± 1.28°C, Mantova RS 8.0 ± 1.89°C and RE 9.7 ± 1.23°C). The same thresholds may consequently be adopted for thermal time models for the two populations. These results also suggest that both methods (RE and RS) can be used without distinction to estimate the rhizome base temperature
Donato Loddo; R Masin; Stefan Otto; G Zanin. Estimation of base temperature for Sorghum halepense rhizome sprouting. Weed Research 2011, 52, 42 -49.
AMA StyleDonato Loddo, R Masin, Stefan Otto, G Zanin. Estimation of base temperature for Sorghum halepense rhizome sprouting. Weed Research. 2011; 52 (1):42-49.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDonato Loddo; R Masin; Stefan Otto; G Zanin. 2011. "Estimation of base temperature for Sorghum halepense rhizome sprouting." Weed Research 52, no. 1: 42-49.
In northern Italy, there has been a tendency in recent years to advance maize sowing from mid-April to mid- March. This may lead to many agronomic advantages but can strongly influence weed flora composition, density, time of emergence, and crop and weed relative growth. Altering the maize sowing date thus requires a better understanding of the competitive relationship between crop and weeds. This study evaluates an existing model expressing crop yield as a function of maximum yield of the weed-free crop, weed competitive load and time of weed emergence and removal. The model can predict the yield loss caused by mixed infestations with a single set of parameters. The aim of this study was to validate this model with independent data from experiments on early and traditionally sown maize, in support of the idea that the model is robust enough to be used as a prediction tool for forecasting yield losses in a variety of conditions created by different sowing dates. In traditional sowing, the plot of expected versus observed yields showed that the model gives a good fit. However, for early sowing, the model accuracy in predicting crop yields was improved when the curve intercepts were shifted by 60 growing degree days (d C). This shift corresponded to the difference between the onset of weed emergence in traditional and early sowing, which suggests that weeds may be less competitive when maize is sown earlie
R Masin; Antonio Berti; Stefan Otto; G Zanin. Validation of a model relating yield loss to weed time of emergence and removal in traditional and early-sown maize. Weed Research 2010, 50, 120 -126.
AMA StyleR Masin, Antonio Berti, Stefan Otto, G Zanin. Validation of a model relating yield loss to weed time of emergence and removal in traditional and early-sown maize. Weed Research. 2010; 50 (2):120-126.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR Masin; Antonio Berti; Stefan Otto; G Zanin. 2010. "Validation of a model relating yield loss to weed time of emergence and removal in traditional and early-sown maize." Weed Research 50, no. 2: 120-126.
Stefan Otto; R Masin; G Chistè; G Zanin. Modelling the correlation between plant phenology and weed emergence for improving weed control. Weed Research 2007, 47, 488 -498.
AMA StyleStefan Otto, R Masin, G Chistè, G Zanin. Modelling the correlation between plant phenology and weed emergence for improving weed control. Weed Research. 2007; 47 (6):488-498.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStefan Otto; R Masin; G Chistè; G Zanin. 2007. "Modelling the correlation between plant phenology and weed emergence for improving weed control." Weed Research 47, no. 6: 488-498.
Digitaria sanguinalis, Eleusine indica, Setaria glauca and S. viridis are troublesome summer annual weeds in turf. For taking rational decisions on the necessity for the level and type of weed management, it is important to know when weeds are ready to emerge (dormancy status) and also how long weed seeds can survive in the soil. Seeds of these four species were buried 4.0–4.5 cm deep in steel mesh net bags placed under permanent turf and periodically exhumed for 3 years to evaluate viability and determine the dormancy/non‐dormancy cycle. D. sanguinalis, S. glauca and S. viridis showed the typical dormancy cycle of summer annual species, and their seed viability declined completely after 3 years of burial. In contrast, E. indica demonstrated unusual behaviour, with long persistence and no dormancy.
R Masin; Mc Zuin; Stefan Otto; G Zanin. Seed longevity and dormancy of four summer annual grass weeds in turf. Weed Research 2006, 46, 362 -370.
AMA StyleR Masin, Mc Zuin, Stefan Otto, G Zanin. Seed longevity and dormancy of four summer annual grass weeds in turf. Weed Research. 2006; 46 (5):362-370.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR Masin; Mc Zuin; Stefan Otto; G Zanin. 2006. "Seed longevity and dormancy of four summer annual grass weeds in turf." Weed Research 46, no. 5: 362-370.
Phenology is the study of periodic biological events. If we can find easily recognizable events in common plants that precede or coincide with weed emergences, these plants could be used as indicators. Weed seedlings are usually difficult to detect in turf, so the use of phenological indicators may provide an alternative approach to predict the time when a weed appears and consequently guide management decisions. A study was undertaken to determine whether the phenological phases of some plants could serve as reliable indicators of time of weed emergence in turf. The phenology of six shrubs (Crataegus monogyna Jacq., Forsythia viridissima Lindl., Sambucus nigra L., Syringa vulgaris L., Rosa multiflora Thunb., Ziziphus jujuba Miller) and a perennial herbaceous plant [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] was observed and the emergence dynamics of four annual weed species [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop., Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertner, Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv., Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.] were studied from 1999 to 2004 in northern Italy. A correlation between certain events and weed emergence was verified. S. vulgaris and F. viridissima appear to be the best indicators: there is a quite close correspondence between the appearance of D. sanguinalis and lilac flowering and between the beginning of emergence of E. indica and the end of lilac flowering; emergences of S. glauca and S. viridis were predicted well in relation to the end of forsythia flowering. Base temperatures and starting dates required to calculate the heat unit sums to reach and complete the flowering phase of the indicators were calculated using two different methods and the resultant cumulative growing degree days were compared.
Roberta Masin; Maria Clara Zuin; Giuseppe Zanin. Phenological observations on shrubs to predict weed emergence in turf. International Journal of Biometeorology 2005, 50, 23 -32.
AMA StyleRoberta Masin, Maria Clara Zuin, Giuseppe Zanin. Phenological observations on shrubs to predict weed emergence in turf. International Journal of Biometeorology. 2005; 50 (1):23-32.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoberta Masin; Maria Clara Zuin; Giuseppe Zanin. 2005. "Phenological observations on shrubs to predict weed emergence in turf." International Journal of Biometeorology 50, no. 1: 23-32.