Historically, human migrations have determined the spread of many infectious diseases by promoting the emergence of temporal outbreaks between populations. We aimed to analyze health indicators, expenditure, and disability caused by tuberculosis (TB) and HIV/AIDS burden under the Colombian-Venezuelan migration flow focusing on the Northeastern border. A retrospective study was conducted using TB and HIV/AIDS data since 2009. We consolidated a database using official reports from the Colombian Surveillance System, World Health Organization, Indexmundi, the Global Health Observatory, IHME HIV atlas, and Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). Disability metrics regarding DALYs (disability adjusted life years) and YLDs (years lived with disability), were compared between countries. Mapping was performed on ArcGIS using official migration data of Venezuelan citizens. Our results indicate that TB profiles from Colombia and Venezuela are identical in terms of disease burden, except for an increase in TB incidence in the Colombian-Venezuelan border departments in recent years, concomitantly with the massive Venezuelan immigration since 2005. We identified a four-fold underfunding for the TB program in Venezuela, which might explain the low-testing rates for cases of multidrug-resistant TB (67%) and HIV/AIDS (60%), as well as extended hospital stays (150 days). We found a significant increase in DALYs of HIV/AIDS patients in Venezuela, specifically, 362.35 compared to 265.37 observed in Colombia during 2017. This study suggests that the Venezuelan massive migration and program underfunding might exacerbate the dual burden of TB and HIV in Colombia, especially towards the Colombian‐Venezuelan border.

Este artículo reporta resultados de la propagación de ondas P en medios porosos, simulada solucionando en diferencias finitas las ecuaciones generalizadas de Biot. En modelos saturados se observó que cuando avanza la onda, la amplitud máxima del espectro se desplaza hacia frecuencias menores, y que esta amplitud máxima y su frecuencia están directamente relacionadas. Además, que el factor de calidad disminuye con la porosidad y la saturación. Por ende, la atenuación aumenta con la porosidad, la saturación y la frecuencia pero tiende asintóticamente a un valor constante. Se observó que la fase de la onda cambia linealmente con la frecuencia a una rata de cambio que aumenta linealmente con el tiempo de viaje. Esta rata aumenta con la saturación pero disminuye ligeramente con la porosidad. Este trabajo ignora la divergencia esférica y la retro dispersión, concentrándose en la atenuación intrínseca causada por la fricción, en particular entre líquido y partículas sólidas.

Objective: this work presents the results obtained in the development of a seismic velocity inversion mo­del. The reference times recorded on the surface are taken and using the inversion model to obtain the initial reference model (hypocenters and velocities), starting from an unknown model. Methodology: A hypothetical reference model is pro­posed containing 64 blocks with interval velocity, 16 recording stations on the surface, and 64 earth­quakes in the center of each block. With this model, the reference arrival times are generated for each ear­thquake registered in each station. The inversion mo­del is made up of two parts: the direct model, which allows calculating the arrival times of the signal regis­tered on the surface according to the hypo-central lo­cation of the earthquake and the velocity of the P and S wave of the medium; and the inverse model, which estimates a model of the velocity of the environment and hypo-central locations of the earthquakes that are the input variables of the direct model. The direct model was developed with the wave equation, while the inverse model was developed by modifying the generalized inverse matrix by introducing a factor called “damping.” Results: The discretization model is based on the finite difference method.. When estimating the values of velocity and hypo-central location with the inverse algorithm, the propagation of the wave is simulated with the direct model, and they are compared with the data of reference times measured on the surface. Depending on the value of the mean square error, we proceed to modify the mean velocities and hypo­centers of the earthquakes. This process is repeated iteratively until the calculated error is less than a to­lerance of 2x10-3s2. Conclusions: It was found that the estimated values of velocity and hypo central locations coincide well for regions closer to the surface, while for deep regions the error is greater compared to the hypothetical re­ference model.

El repositorio institucional Dictum de la universidad de Cundinamarca, permite la preservación de los documentos digitales y contribuye a facilitar el acceso a los resultados de la producción investigativa con el fin de aumentar la visibilidad institucional.

Existe poca información y conocimiento geológico de la Cuenca de Urabá. A continuación, se presentan los resultados del estudio tomográfico pseudo-3D (o 2.5D) para la cuenca. Los datos de tipo sismológico (sísmica pasiva) permiten definir una aproximación de la disposición de algunos rasgos geológicos en el subsuelo, por ejemplo, lineamientos y fallas. Así, mediante la diferencia de tiempos de viaje de las ondas (P y S), registrados en campo e implementando un algoritmo de inversión de tomografía sísmica, se desarrolló un modelo para estimar las fuentes sísmicas y la distribución de velocidades en la región, además de evaluar la disposición de las capas de roca en el subsuelo hasta 30 km de profundidad, con las que se hizo posible identificar contrastes de velocidades y una posible extensión de las fallas; caso de la falla de Murindó hacia el norte, y otra falla con orientación transversal, ubicada en el sector de Riosucio.