As typical examples of rotational rate sensors, microelectromechanical system (MEMS) gyroscopes have been widely applied as inertial devices in various fields, including national defense, aerospace, healthcare, etc. This review systematically summarizes research advancements in MEMS gyroscope structural forms and processing technologies, which are evaluated through performance indices. The review encompasses several areas. First, it outlines the modelling principles and processes of gyroscopes on the basis of the Coriolis force and resonance, establishing a theoretical foundation for MEMS gyroscope development. Second, it introduces and analyzes the latest research advances in MEMS gyroscope structures and corresponding processing technologies. On the basis of published research advances, this review categorically discusses multidisciplinary technology properties, statistical results, the existence of errors, and compensation methods. Additionally, it identifies challenges in MEMS gyroscope technologies through classification analysis.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are promising for large-scale energy storage due to their intrinsic safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, their practical application is severely impeded by water-induced parasitic reactions and uncontrollable dendrite growth at the anode interface. Furthermore, the freezing of aqueous electrolytes at subzero temperature restricts their all-weather viability. Herein, we report a hydrogel electrolyte with interfacial regulation capabilities. By optimizing interfacial ion transport, the hydrogel electrolyte guides uniform Zn²⁺ deposition, effectively mitigating parasitic reactions and dendrite growth while enabling exceptional low-temperature tolerance. Consequently, the symmetric Zn//Zn cell using the hydrogel electrolyte delivers ultra-high cycling stability for 4000 h at 0.5 mA cm⁻² under −30 °C. When assembled into full cells, the Zn//NH₄V₄O₁₀ configuration operates stably for 4000 cycles at 5 A g⁻¹, exhibiting outstanding capacity retention. Furthermore, the assembled flexible pouch cell maintains 86% of initial capacity after 900 cycles at 3 A g⁻¹. Notably, the pouch cells demonstrate reliable operation and structural integrity under severe conditions, such as ice baths, bending, and piercing. This work provides an effective strategy for durable, wide-temperature, and intrinsically safe flexible aqueous energy storage systems.

Flexible wearable piezoelectric sensors have attracted increasing attention in human motion monitoring and motion classification applications due to their self-powered sensing capability and rapid response. In this work, poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) flexible piezoelectric films were fabricated using a phase separation method with different loading masses of PVDF-HFP to regulate the crystal structure and output signal characteristics of the films. X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses demonstrated that an appropriate mass of PVDF-HFP promoted the formation of polar β-phase crystals, and the optimized film exhibited a β-phase content of 86.81%. The prepared films generated stable and distinguishable response signals under different gait conditions, indicating high potential for flexible motion sensing. Furthermore, machine learning-assisted motion classification was preliminarily performed based on the acquired sensing signals, achieving an accuracy above 90%. This work demonstrates the potential of phase-separated PVDF-HFP films for flexible gait sensing and wearable motion recognition applications.