Purpose: This literature review aims to identify and analyse the most common mechanisms causing injuries in the craniofacial region their diagnosis and possible sequelae. Methods: The study analysed publications from the Medline database made available in PubMed and Google Scholar considering the following keywords "maxillofacial injuries" and/or "maxillofacial trauma" and/or "maxillofacial fractures". Results: Craniofacial injuries in polytrauma patients are often complicated by their heterogeneous nature and coexistence with other injuries. Their incidence and mechanisms vary depending on the country of investigation. Diagnosis includes advanced imaging techniques such as CT scans. Treatment often requires multidisciplinary collaboration. Conclusions: Craniofacial injuries in polytraumatic patients require a complex diagnostic and therapeutic approach. Interdisciplinary collaboration is crucial to achieve the best clinical outcome. The most common causes include road traffic collisions, assaults, falls and sports-related injuries. Despite properly applied treatment protocols, they generate changes in the stomatognathic system, sensory disturbances, blindness and, in extreme cases, can lead to death

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), a common complication of long-term diabetes, significantly reduce quality of life, increase morbidity and mortality, and place a heavy burden on individuals and healthcare systems. It is require a multidisciplinary approach to treatment. Aim: To overview the standards in diabetic foot prevention and care. Methods: We searched for materials for this work in the Pubmed and Google Scholar databases using the keywords: "Diabetic foot", "diabetic wounds", "diabetic neuropathy"and analyzed the selected materials. Results: DFU significantly reduce the quality of life and are a major burden for individuals and healthcare systems. Effective care involves specialists across various fields to address the complex causes and improve outcomes. Conclusion:There are currently many published standards for the care and examination of the feet of patients with diabetes, which are presented in the following review. It is important to remember the cause of the pathophysiology of DFU and effectively treat diabetes, maintaining the patient in normoglycemia, and also examine your feet and actively look for the first signs of diabetic ulcers. Keywords: Diabetic foot, diabetic wounds, neuropathy, vascular disease

Skiing, although it offers numerous health and emotional benefits, is associated with the risk of eye injuries. In high-altitude conditions, the eyes are exposed to intense UV radiation reflected by the snow, which can lead to snow blindness (photokeratitis). This condition manifests itself with severe pain, photophobia, and tearing, and its more serious consequences can include permanent corneal opacities. Additionally, extreme weather conditions, such as strong wind and low temperatures, favor drying of the eye surface and irritation of the conjunctiva. Skiers are also exposed to mechanical injuries, such as abrasions, corneal perforations, or orbital fractures, resulting from collisions and falls. In treatment, rapid diagnosis and appropriate medical interventions, including surgery, are crucial. Prevention plays an important role – the use of ski goggles with UV filters, wind protection and education about the risks significantly reduce the risk of eye damage. The work emphasizes the need for further research on improving protective technology and educating skiers to minimize the risk of eye injuries in winter sports.

This paper examines the impact of playing tennis on the visual system, providing an in-depth analysis of physiological, adaptive, and risk-related aspects associated with the sport. The dynamic nature of tennis necessitates intensive visual engagement to track a fast-moving ball, thereby enhancing dynamic vision, depth perception, and visuomotor coordination. On the other hand, the sport also poses risks such as eye strain and mechanical injuries, including corneal and retinal damage. The study underscores the importance of peripheral vision in the game and the need for the visual system to adapt to varying lighting conditions. The authors highlight the benefits of implementing vision exercises and protective measures, such as sunglasses and contact lenses. The significance of preventive measures, regular eye check-ups, and education for players, coaches, and parents is also emphasized. Although demanding, tennis offers opportunities to improve visual functions, contributing to athletic development and visual health.

Introduction: Abnormal blood cholesterol levels in patients with increased cardiovascular risk have a worse prognosis for patient survival. Treating dyslipidemia is important because it can improve patient comfort and safety. It sometimes happens that currently used drugs to lower cholesterol are not effective - patients develop tolerance or experience serious side effects. For this reason, scientists are looking for new drugs with a different mechanism of action. An example of such a group of drugs are PCSK9 inhibitors used to treat dyslipidemia. In this paper, we will look at the effectiveness of currently used PCSK9 inhibitors, but also at the potential risks associated with their use. Material and methods: We searched for materials for this work in the Pubmed and Google Scholar databases using the keywords: "dyslipidemia", "cardiovascular disease", "PCSK9 inhibitors", "statins". Then we analyzed the selected materials. Aim of the study: Evaluation of the Conclusion: PCSK9 inhibitors are drugs that are very effective in lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), while reducing cardiovascular risk and potentially having long-lasting effects. Scientists are looking for new PCSK9 inhibitors with different mechanisms of action, which will be an even more effective therapy in lowering LDL-C.