Background/Objectives: Mandibular counterclockwise (CCW) autorotation following maxillary repositioning is a common biomechanical consequence of bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. However, its effect on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) morphology remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate whether condyle-centered CCW mandibular autorotation influences postoperative TMJ spaces and condylar morphology using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: A total of 24 patients who underwent combined Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy were included in this retrospective analysis. Patients were divided into two groups based on virtual surgical planning: those with condyle-centered CCW autorotation (4–7°) and those without autorotation. Preoperative and one-year postoperative CBCT images were analyzed. Sagittal and coronal joint spaces, condylar dimensions, and glenoid fossa thickness were measured. Intra- and intergroup comparisons were performed using nonparametric statistical tests (α = 0.05). Results: Both groups demonstrated significant postoperative reductions in condylar height, width, and depth, reflecting adaptive bone remodeling. Joint space changes were limited overall. A significant intergroup difference was observed only in the change in the right superior joint space (p = 0.024), which decreased in the non-autorotation group but was preserved or slightly increased in the autorotation group. No other joint space or fossa parameter showed significant between-group differences. Conclusions: Condyle-centered CCW mandibular autorotation during bimaxillary orthognathic surgery does not induce adverse TMJ morphological changes beyond physiological adaptation. Preservation of the superior joint space suggests that autorotation may contribute to maintaining a more favorable condyle–fossa relationship. Incorporating controlled mandibular autorotation into surgical planning may support TMJ biomechanical balance and postoperative joint stability.

Background/Objectives: Virtual surgical planning (VSP) allows three-dimensional assessment of complex dentofacial deformities and has become integral to modern orthognathic surgery. However, evidence remains limited regarding how skeletal characteristics and malocclusion patterns translate into surgical movement selection. This study aimed to evaluate demographic features, skeletal malocclusion patterns, and clinical treatment strategies in patients undergoing VSP-guided orthognathic surgery. Methods: This retrospective study included 158 patients who underwent VSP-assisted orthognathic surgery between 2019 and 2025. Sagittal skeletal classification, vertical growth pattern, facial asymmetry, and maxillary crossbite were evaluated together with planned maxillary and mandibular movements. Surgical procedures were analyzed according to skeletal malocclusion classes (Class I, II, and III). Group comparisons were performed using chi-square and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess factors associated with bimaxillary surgery (p < 0.05). Results: Skeletal Class I malocclusion was most prevalent (46.8%), followed by Class III (29.7%) and Class II (23.4%). Hyperdivergent growth patterns were predominantly observed in Class II patients, whereas normodivergent patterns were most common in Class III cases (p < 0.05). Mandibular advancement and setback generally followed expected class-based trends but were also observed across non-corresponding skeletal classes. Maxillary impaction and mandibular autorotation were frequently incorporated. Bimaxillary surgery was performed in 84.2% of cases. Logistic regression analysis showed no independent predictors of bimaxillary surgery (p > 0.05). Conclusions: VSP-assisted orthognathic surgery demonstrates that surgical planning cannot be reduced to sagittal skeletal classification alone. Treatment decisions are shaped by combined sagittal, vertical, transverse, and patient-specific factors, supporting a multidimensional and individualized planning approach.

Background: MRONJ (Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw) refers to a condition characterized by osteonecrosis of the jawbone associated with the use of certain medications. One of the most common causes of MRONJ is bisphosphonates, which are frequently used today to treat osteoporosis, metabolic bone diseases, and the skeletal effects of malignancies. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the awareness and approaches of medical doctors who prescribe bisphosphonate group drugs regarding MRONJ. Method: A total of 125 physicians specializing in the departments of oncology, orthopedics and traumatology, physical medicine and rehabilitation, and obstetrics and gynecology participated in our study. The participants completed questionnaire forms consisting of 15 questions related to MRONJ, and the results were analyzed. Results: The specialists who participated in the study were found to prescribe zoledronate and alendronate more frequently than other antiresorptive medications. Over the past year, when examining the frequency of encountering patients with MRONJ, 56% of physicians had not encountered any cases, while 44% had encountered between one and four cases. The group that most frequently requested consultations from physicians regarding bisphosphonates was identified as dentists, with a rate of 50.4%, followed by oral and maxillofacial surgeons at 36.8%. The specialists who participated in the study reported that when they encounter patients with osteonecrosis, 39.2% most frequently referred them to oral and maxillofacial surgery. Conclusion: To enhance awareness of MRONJ, a multidisciplinary approach should be adopted between medical and dental disciplines, and a well-coordinated consultation system should be established. This will ensure that patients undergo dental examinations and complete necessary interventional dental procedures before commencing antiresorptive drug therapy. Furthermore, implementing educational strategies such as academic publications, training seminars, and symposia is of great importance to increase the level of awareness on this issue.

Background/Objectives: Le Fort I osteotomy is a widely performed surgical procedure for correcting maxillary deformities, but it carries the risk of rare complications, including nasolacrimal duct (NLD) injury. This study evaluated the anatomical relationship between the nasolacrimal canal (NLC) and the maxilla across different skeletal patterns via cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to define safer zones for fixation during orthognathic surgery. Methods: This retrospective study included 76 patients (152 canals) scheduled for orthognathic surgery. The participants were classified into retrognathic, orthognathic, and prognathic groups based on SNA values. Four linear distances were measured on sagittal CBCT sections: from the superior (SL), middle (ML), and inferior (IL) points of the NLD to the anterior maxillary border and from the canine apex to the inferior NLC point (IC). A total of 608 measurements were analyzed via ANOVA, the Kruskal–Wallis test, and post hoc tests, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The ML distance was significantly greater in the prognathic group than in the retrognathic and orthognathic groups (p < 0.001). The IL distance was significantly shorter in retrognathic individuals (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found in SL (p = 0.063) or IC (p = 0.141) among the groups. Conclusions: The proximity of the NLC to the maxilla varies according to the skeletal pattern. The retrognathic maxilla results in shorter IL distances, suggesting increased risk during fixation, whereas the prognathic maxilla results in greater ML distances. Preoperative CBCT-based individualized evaluation is recommended to optimize fixation and reduce NLD injury risk in Le Fort I osteotomy.

Background/Objectives: Sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) is a widely used method in the treatment of mandibular deformities. However, high parafunctional forces associated with bruxism can negatively affect stability at the osteotomy site. Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A), which reduces masseter activity, is considered an additional approach to controlling these forces. Methods: In this comparative finite element study, five different fixation configurations were created on a three-dimensional mandibular model and evaluated under identical boundary conditions using both a 1000 N bruxism-related parafunctional loading and a standardized force-reduction scenario. The stress distributions and displacement amounts on the cortical bone, screws, and plates were examined in each model. Results: The stress distribution was more balanced in the model with double plates, whereas the stress and displacement values were found to be greater for fixations with single plates and only bicortical screws. Under the standardized force-reduction scenario, lower stress and displacement values were observed across all the models. Conclusions: Among the evaluated fixation configurations, the double-plate model demonstrated the most balanced stress distribution. Under the standardized force-reduction scenario, lower stress and displacement values were observed across all the models; these findings reflect the load sensitivity of the fixation constructs and should not be interpreted as evidence of clinical efficacy.

Background/Objectives: Early detection remains the most decisive factor in improving outcomes for oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders. However, reliance on conventional biopsy-based pathways presents some practical and biological limitations. This scoping review aimed to map recent advances in non- and minimally invasive diagnostic approaches and to clarify how these innovations are being positioned within clinical workflows. Methods: Following PRISMA-ScR guidance, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for English-language original studies published between 2020 and 2025. Two independent reviewers screened and charted data on technologies, biomarkers, sampling sources, and clinical applications. Forty-nine studies were included. The literature clustered around four main domains: enhanced cytology (including liquid-based platforms and DNA ploidy analysis), multilayer liquid biopsy strategies (miRNA, cfDNA/ctDNA, methylation panels, and autoantibodies), optical and nanotechnology-based systems (Raman/SERS and sensor platforms), and artificial intelligence-driven decision support tools. Results: Across modalities, a shared emphasis on rapid triage, risk stratification, and follow-up monitoring was evident. Nonetheless, variability in sampling, processing, analytical thresholds, and reporting standards limited cross-study comparability. Conclusions: Recent innovations point toward integrated, panel-based diagnostic models. Broader clinical adoption will require methodological standardization and robust multicenter validation.