Purpose: Pulled elbow is a common injury found in children below 5 years of age. This condition occurs because of a sudden pull on the outstretched arm, which facilitates partial slipping of the head of the radius out of the ligamentous constricted annular ligament. This study identified knowledge gaps and areas that require improvement in the medical curriculum by assessing medical students’ understanding of the diagnosis, clinical presentation, and management of the condition.Methods: A 6-month cross-sectional analytical study was conducted between July 2024 and December 2024, which included 196 medical students at Batterjee Medical College, using a validated questionnaire. Chi-square tests examined the associations between past training, knowledge, and independent variables. Binary logistic regression identified the predictors of high knowledge levels. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were also determined. Statistical significance was set at P< 0.05.Results: Most students rated their knowledge as ‘poor’ (31.1%) or ‘very poor’ (27.0%) regarding the diagnosis and management of pulled elbow. Only 6.1% rated their knowledge as ‘good’ or ‘very good.’ Chi-square analysis showed significant associations between knowledge and gender (P = 0.020), as well as academic year (P = 0.001). Binary logistic regression revealed that male students were significantly more likely to report good knowledge (OR, 0.102; 95% CI, 0.019 to 0.562; P= 0.009), as were clinical-year students (OR, 3.051; 95% CI, 1.011 to 9.222; P= 0.048) and those with high self-rated knowledge (OR, 5.101; 95% CI, 1.301 to 20.101; P= 0.019). Workshop participation was strongly associated with prior exposure to pulled elbow cases (OR, 0.066; 95% CI, 0.010 to 0.423; P= 0.004) and high self-rated knowledge (OR, 4.251; 95% CI, 1.142 to 15.793; P= 0.031).Conclusion: There are serious knowledge gaps among medical students regarding the diagnosis and management of pulled elbow, a common pediatric condition. Despite the prevalence of this condition, exposure to real-life cases and structured pediatric rotations remains limited, with only 2.5% of students undergoing relevant training.

Background/Objectives: Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common condition in children and is frequently attributed to nutritional causes. However, gastrointestinal (GI) pathology may be present even in the absence of overt GI symptoms. The diagnostic value of endoscopic evaluation in asymptomatic pediatric patients with IDA remains debated. This systematic review aimed to synthesize available evidence on endoscopic and histologic findings in asymptomatic children with IDA and to assess their clinical implications. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO. MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Scopus were searched for studies involving children and adolescents (0–18 years) with confirmed iron-deficiency anemia and no gastrointestinal symptoms who underwent endoscopic evaluation. Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising a total of 455 pediatric patients. Upper GI endoscopy was the most commonly performed procedure. Clinically significant findings were frequently identified, including histologic features consistent with celiac disease, Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis, and chronic inflammatory gastric changes. Histologic abnormalities were often present despite minimal or absent macroscopic endoscopic findings. The diagnostic yield of endoscopy was particularly high in older children and adolescents and in those with severe or refractory IDA. Conclusions: This systematic review demonstrates that asymptomatic children with IDA may harbor significant GI pathology detectable by endoscopic and histologic evaluation. These findings support the consideration of targeted endoscopic assessments in selected pediatric patients with unexplained or persistent IDA, even in the absence of GI symptoms.