The need for vehicle tracking system in real time is growth continues due to increase the cases of theft. This type of system in real time needs to transmit large data with huge number of HTTP request to the server to keep tracking and monitoring in real time, thus causes spend extremely high cost every month for transportation the information on tracking vehicles to server therefor the needs for reducing the number of transportation and data size that transmits in each HTTP request to save expenses. This paper designed and implement an integrated vehicle tracking system in real time to track vehicle anywhere and anytime. This system is divided into two parts: vehicle tracking part and monitoring part. Tracking part is represented by installation the electronic devices in the vehicle using modern Global Positioning System (GPS), microcontroller Arduino UNO R3 and SIM800L GSM/GPRS modem. GPS is determined location of the vehicle via received coordinates from satellites such as latitude and latitude with accuracy ranging approximately 2.5 meters; the coordinates faked to add a type of protection to information on vehicles without effecting on characterizing real time tracking before sending it via a General Packet Radio service (GPRS). The monitoring part is in the cloud and will receive the coordinates and displays it on a map in a web page. The main contribution of this system is it reduced data size that sent from in-vehicle device via selected only necessary data for tracking vehicle from NEMA sentences of GPS and reduced number of HTTP request that sent to remote server via constrain the transmission of information with the movement of vehicles, since when vehicle moved the coordinates each 10s and did not send anything when the vehicle stopped thus will reduce the cost of expenses every month. This system can be utilized to track and monitoring the vehicles of large universities, companies, organization and also can be used in army vehicles and police vehicles.

In today’s world, the need for multifunctioning with the minimum possible physical size of the appliances has gone very vast. This paper presents a novel triband microstrip antenna with two slit cuts that is designed and simulated by exploiting CST microwave studio suite 2016. Proposed antenna is composed of one square patch on the top layer and an incised ground bottom layer. Designed antenna operates on three wireless bands and can be utilized for various wireless and networking applications. Bands of interest are 3.3 GHz (lower WIMAX possibly sub-6 GHz 5G applications), 4.5 GHz (data link system for UAV drones) 5.8 GHz (WLAN). This work also focuses on the physical layer of the TCP/IP networking Paradigm model, the optimized design and fabrication in the physical layer is vital because any design issue will create a bottlenecking effect even if the upper networking layer were optimized. Designing an efficient wireless antenna will benefit service providers as they will depend on such robust physical layer to push more traffic reliably and efficiently. Antenna is low profile, with low fabrication cost. Antenna size is 29.6×30.5×1.5 mm3. Parameters such as input reflection coefficient and far-field radiation pattern have been simulated and analyzed.

In the event of a traffic accident it is very important to deliver emergency messages to the Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) as soon as the accident occurs in order to help the ambulance and other rescue teams arrive at the scene to offer emergency treatment. The PSAP needs to know at least the location of the accident. The main communication network used to transfer data to the PSAP from the in-vehicle emergency system is the internet or by using normal calls. Therefore, if the user is unconscious or has no access to the internet, the emergency message cannot be completed and the mobile operator cannot exchange data with the PSAP. In this paper, a solution is proposed to use the control channel instead of the data channel to receive emergency messages from the vehicle. The main advantages of this solution are that the connection between the user and the PSAP is always available and the message will transmit even if the user is unconscious.

Introduction: The increasing density of 5G and beyond networks has greatly increased energy demands, making energy efficiency an essential objective for next-generation systems. While cell sleeping is a well-known technique used to reduce consumption, most existing schemes fall short in maintaining service continuity and fail to address the long delays introduced by hardware reactivation. These limitations can severely affect the Quality of Service (QoS), especially for applications requiring low latency and high reliability. Methods: This study introduces RIS-Assisted Safe Sleeping (RASS), a unified framework that enables dense small cell deployments to save energy without sacrificing user experience. RASS integrates three complementary mechanisms, namely a coverage-safety certificate that verifies robust SINR before deactivation, RIS resource slicing that allocates reflection elements for both coverage support and wake-up signalling, and an RIS-assisted paging channel that reduces the visible effect of hardware wake-up delay. Results: Through systematic sensitivity analysis, we identify that RASS performs best with a slicing factor of α = 0.7 and moderate coverage thresholds between -6 and -4 dB. Simulation results demonstrate significant benefits over conventional schemes: the safe-sleep ratio rises substantially, blocking probability falls by as much as 40%, and energy efficiency improves by more than 20%. Discussion: The results show that integrating coverage validation, RIS resource allocation, and wakeup delay mitigation enables RASS to balance energy efficiency while ensuring service is available. Conclusion: Overall, RASS provides an efficient framework for improving energy efficiency in ultra-dense 5G and beyond networks while maintaining a reliable user experience.