To scientifically and quantitatively evaluate the degree of urban storm resilience and improve the level of urban stormwater resilience, based on the resilience theory, starting from the three attributes of resilience (resistance, recovery and adaptability), this paper establishes the framework of urban resilience evaluation indicator system under the background of stormwater disaster. Firstly, the weight of the indicator system is analyzed by the Delphi method and cloud model, and then the urban stormwater recilience evaluation model is constructed by using the cloud model and approximate ideal solution ranking method. Through the fuzzy description, the corresponding quantitative value is given to the qualitative indicator, so that the stormwater resilience of the city can be measured by accurate values. Finally, the feasibility of the model is verified by case analysis. The results show that the urban stormwater resilience evaluation theory and method based on cloud model and approximate ideal solution ranking method have important guiding significance to improve the level of urban stormwater resilience.

To scientifically and quantitatively evaluate the current city safety resilience and improve the city safety resilience level, this project puts forward the concept and degree of city safety resilience based on the systematic analysis of the city safety resilience curve and establishes the framework of a city safety resilience evaluation index system, including predisaster prevention, disaster-bearing carrier, emergencies and emergency management. The Delphi method and cloud model are used to construct the city safety resilience evaluation model, and the weight and application of the model are analyzed and discussed. The research results show that the theory and method of Chinese city safety resilience evaluation based on the Delphi method and cloud model have important guiding significance for improving the city safety resilience level.

Building resilient cities is playing an increasingly important role in enhancing urban safety and promoting sustainable urban development. However, few scholars pay attention to urban resilience in inland provinces. Choosing Henan Province, as it is a typical representative of China’s major inland economic provinces, has practical guiding significance. This study aims to provide a systematic indicator system and evaluation tool to measure the cuity’s resilience level. Therefore, based on a multidimensional perspective, this paper dissects the urban resilience spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of 18 Henan Province cities with the entropy method, Thiel index, and ESDA (Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis) and explores influencing factors with a spatial econometric model. The main results are as follows: (1) the overall resilience in Henan Province continuously grows, and the resilience level of the Zhengzhou metropolitan area is the highest. In the urban resilience subsystem, economic and social resilience notably drive urban resilience improvement in Henan Province. (2) The spatial difference of urban resilience has been significantly reduced, but the inner metropolitan area presents the characteristics of “core–periphery”. Urban resilience presents a positive spatial correlation, and local spatial agglomeration is relatively stable. (3) Under the state of spatial interaction, urbanization rate, administrative, innovation, market, and industrial structure factors all have significant direct effects and spatial spillover effects on overall resilience, but openness exerts downward pressure on local resilience. (4) On this basis, strategies have been proposed to continuously promote the development of new urbanization, improve the regional coordinated development mechanism, increase market activity, optimize the environment for scientific and educational innovation, and promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. The approach taken in this research may also be useful for developing urban resilience assessment tools in other central plains cities as well as in other cities in the interior of the world with similar conditions.

A comprehensive understanding of the dynamic behavior of materials and structures under impact loads is paramount for the design and maintenance of reliable marine pipelines and associated structures. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research on the full characterization of constitutive and failure models of carbon steels, which are commonly used in marine pipelines. In this paper, Q235 steel was subjected to quasi-static tensile tests at room temperature on smooth specimens to obtain the constitutive parameters using the Johnson–Cook (J-C) model. Subsequently, quasi-static tensile tests were conducted on notched specimens, and dynamic tensile tests were performed on smooth round bars to obtain stress triaxiality and failure strain. The acquired data were then utilized to fit the failure parameters using the Johnson–Cook (J-C) damage model, a widely accepted constitutive model employed in high-strain rate applications through the least squares method. Finally, the tensile test is numerically simulated based on the acquired experimental parameters. The obtained results reveal a remarkable agreement between the curve fitted by the J-C constitutive model and the experimental tensile curve. Additionally, a high degree of correlation between the load-displacement curves of the tests and simulations provides robust validation of the accuracy of the dynamic mechanical parameters for Q235 steel. These findings contribute valuable insights into the behavior of carbon steels commonly used in marine pipelines, enhancing the overall understanding of their response to impact loads and informing more reliable design and maintenance practices.

Interactions between 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (IL), an ionic liquid, and Na-montmorillonite (Na-MMT) were studied under different kinetic conditions to investigate the adsorption behavior of IL by Na-MMT. The adsorption of IL by Na-MMT was rapid, with a fast rate, reaching a capacity of 0.43 mmol/g, lower than Na-MMT’s cation exchange capacity (CEC) of 0.90 mmol/g. Meanwhile, the highest adsorption rate occurred at the IL concentration of 1000 mg/L. The exchangeable cation of Na-MMT could not be completely substituted by the cation group of IL regardless of the IL concentration. Stoichiometric desorption experiments confirmed that the cation exchange was the dominating adsorption mechanism for the IL adsorption by Na-MMT. The pH value of the solution between 2 and 11 had a negligible effect on the adsorption amount of IL by Na-MMT. The cation group of IL interacted into the interlayer of Na-MMT successfully, resulting in the change in the wettability of Na-MMT. A bilayer formation of the cationic group should occur in the interlayer of the modified Na-MMT and the configuration of IL was dependent on the adsorption amount of IL. Furthermore, the thermal stability of the modified Na-MMT was also dependent on the adsorption amount of IL.

The unsafe behavior of frontline workers at construction sites is the most important cause of construction accidents. This study proposed a comprehensive model of frontline workers’ unsafe behaviors based on a systems perspective and used structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore the influence mechanisms between the objective conditions (e.g., work environment, work climate, and task complexity), safety management (e.g., safety education and training, safety reward and punishment regulations, safety inspection, safety technology disclosure, and safety warning signs), group influence (propagation of unsafe behaviors among workers), personal perception (subjective judgment of operators on their safety knowledge and skills), and unsafe behaviors. Data from 460 frontline workers were collected through questionnaires and the correlation hypotheses were tested using SPSS 26.0 and Amos 26.0 software. The following conclusions were obtained: (1) objective conditions directly positively influence safety management, group influence, and personal perception but indirectly negatively influence unsafe behavior; (2) safety management not only directly positively affects personal perception but also directly negatively affects unsafe behavior. However, the direct effect of safety management on group influence is not significant; (3) group influence has a direct positive effect on unsafe behavior, but the direct effect on personal perception is not significant; (4) the direct effect of personal perception on unsafe behavior is insignificant. These findings can be used as preliminary data to guide decision makers or managers in construction companies to develop reasonable management plans to curb the unsafe behaviors of frontline workers.