As part of our routine surveillance for arboviruses transmitted by Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) in Yucatán State, México, we regularly monitor the mosquito fauna that occurs in the region. In this study, immature and adult mosquitoes were collected at 60 study sites (including residential premises, churches, tourist areas, cemeteries, forested areas, and garbage dump sites) in Yucatán State from Jul 2014 to Dec 2015. In total, 4,062 larvae, 344 pupae, and 3,812 adults representing 7 genera and 27 species were collected. Three species had never before been identified in Yucatán State, and these are Aedes (Ochlerotatus) euplocamus Dyar & Knab, Aedes (Protomacleaya) podographicus Dyar & Knab, and Culex (Culex) declarator Dyar & Knab. The identification of these 3 species brings the current total of mosquito species recognized in Yucatán State to 52 (with 11 genera). Many of the mosquitoes collected in this study were temporally and spatially associated with Ae. aegypti. Resumen Como parte de la vigilancia de arbovirus transmitidos por Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti L., en el estado de Yucatán, México; regularmente monitoreamos la fauna de mosquitos presentes en la región. En este estudio, los estadios de inmaduras y adultos de mosquitos fueron colectados en 60 localidades en el estado de Yucatán durante julio de 2014 y diciembre de 2015. Un rango amplio de lugares urbanos y rurales fueron examinados, incluyendo casas, iglesias, áreas turísticas, cementerios, selva y un basurero municipal. Un total de 4,062 larvas, 344 pupas y 3,812 adultos fueron colectados, representando siete géneros y 27 especies. Tres especies fueron identificadas como nuevas para la fauna de mosquitos de Yucatán: Aedes (Ochlerotatus) euplocamus Dyar and Knab, Aedes (Protomacleaya) podographicus Dyar and Knab y Culex (Culex) declarator Dyar and Knab. Adicionando estas tres especies, actualmente hay 52 especies (con 11 géneros) de mosquitos en Yucatán. Muchos de los mosquitos colectados en el presente estu...

Aedes albopictus (Skuse) is a competent vector of dengue and Zika viruses in Mexico. Monitoring the level of resistance of local population is essential due to its epidemiological significance. This study aimed to identify mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) as one of the mechanisms responsible for pyrethroid insecticide resistance in Ae. albopictus. Immature samples were collected in a rural town in Yucatan, Mexico, from May to October 2021. The pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin was impregnated in CDC bottles and bioassays were conducted on Ae. albopictus populations 3–5 days after emergence. The mosquitoes were susceptible to the insecticide. Females were taken for total DNA extraction. Fragments of domains II, III, and IV of the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) were amplified and sequenced. The presence of synonymous and non-synonymous mutations was found in positions 1532 and 1534 of domain III of the sodium channel gene (VGSC). No mutant alleles in domain IV were detected. A homozygous mutant (ACG) coding for the amino acid threonine (1008Thr) was identified in domain II. Domain III included three heterozygous alleles (P1528S, L1530S, and Ile1410Thr). This last heterozygous allele is reported for the first time in Mexico. Homozygous mutants encoding the amino acids serine/serine and serine/proline in domain III were observed. These have been reported in Aedes aegypti from Mexico, but not yet in Ae. albopictus. This represents new findings for the region, as Ae. albopictus has only been introduced there for approximately five years. In conclusion, non-synonymous mutations were found in Ae. albopictus in a rural area of Yucatan, emphasizing the importance of integrated vector control to prevent Asian tiger mosquitoes from spreading these resistant alleles.

Aedes (Fredwardsius) vittatus (Bigot, 1861) has a native geographical distribution that encompasses tropical areas of Asia, Africa, and the Mediterranean region of Europe. In its natural range, this mosquito species is a potential vector of the dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever viruses. Currently, Ae. vittatus is reported in the Caribbean countries of Cuba, Jamaica, and the Dominican Republic in América. We report the discovery of one female Ae. vittatuscaptured on September 11, 2024, in X-Calakoop, Tinum, located near a tourist site in Yucatán. Additionally, 11 mosquito species were found: Aedes aegypti(Linnaeus), Aedes albopictus (Skuse), Aedes bimaculatusCoquillett, Aedes cozumelensis Díaz Nájera, Aedes podographicusDyar and Knab, Aedes taeniorhynchus (Wiedemann), Culex coronatorDyar and Knab, Culex nigripalpus Theobald, Haemagogus mesodentatusKomp & Kumm, Limatus durhamii Theobald, and Toxorhynchites moctezuma (Dyar & Knab). Notably, Ae. albopictus was the most abundant mosquito in the collection, representing 77.5% in the adult stage and 63.5% in the larval stage. The identification of Ae. vittatus in México represents the first record for a mainland country. The discovery represents the 252nd species in the country and 49th in Yucatán. The increase in the distribution pattern may have implications for public health in tropical America.

The mosquito fauna was examined at the Mérida Zoological Park, a public site that is highly frequented and is a significant tourist attraction in the Yucatán Peninsula, in southeastern México. Between January 2023 and February 2024, 24 visits were made to the zoo to capture adult and immature stages of mosquitoes. Overall, 12 species belonging to five genera (Aedes, Anopheles, Culex, Ochlerotatus, and Uranotaenia) were documented. A total of 6601 adult mosquitoes of 10 species were captured by aspiration. The adult population of Culex quinquefasciatus Say was the most abundant, accounting for 80.84% (n = 5336) of the collection, while Aedes aegypti Linnaeus represented 11.53% (n = 761). The aviary was the site with the highest capture abundance (n = 2414) and species richness (n = 10). Aedes aegypti was abundant in the zoo restroom (n = 331) and had a higher proportion of blood-feeding females. A total of 1090 larvae and 160 pupae of nine species were collected from 26 mosquito breeding sites, accounting for 25% of positive containers (26/104). Aedes albopictus was frequently found in the larval stage (n = 43) compared to the adult stage (n = 3). The presence of mosquitoes with the potential to transmit pathogens poses a public health risk to zoo visitors and staff.

In Yucatán state, Mexico, Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille, 1811) is the primary vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite that causes Chagas disease. The vector population presents diverse forms and colorations. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the morphotypes of T. dimidiata based on the taxonomy of the body and external genitalia. Between March 2023 and April 2025, 902 triatomines from 15 municipalities were examined. Three main morphotypes were characterized (I to III). Morphotype II was the most abundant (62.86%) and most distributed in the study area (12 of 15 municipalities), with a notable presence in forests and caves. Morphotypes I and III were found primarily outside houses and in chicken coops. Within the characterized specimens of T. dimidiata sensu lato, morphotype II displays more prominent morphological and structural characteristics. They are smaller compared to morphotypes I and III. In morphotype II, the spiracles are covered by a black spot that extends from the connexival plate to the urosternites. Males had short and robust parameres. The median process of the pygophore is long and slender compared to morphotypes I and III. The female tergite VIII has six sides. The taxonomy should be complemented by a study of the life cycle of each morphotype and analysis of its genome.