The reaction tank of process wastewater, as one of the key pieces of equipment for wastewater treatment, is exposed to an acidic and alkaline wastewater immersion environment for a long time and is prone to the influence of complex ions in water, resulting in concrete shedding and steel bar corrosion, which seriously affect service performance. To address the issue of ionic erosion in process wastewater reaction tanks, a silicon–oxygen grid substrate was constructed with ethyl orthosilicate, and graphene oxide was used as the corrosion-resistant functional component to prepare GO/SiO₂ corrosion-resistant films under acid-catalyzed conditions. Extreme corrosion environments were designed to evaluate the corrosion resistance of GO/SiO₂ films. The results showed that the permeability of the uncoated samples decreased significantly, and the ion concentration leached in the corrosive medium was higher. The permeability of the GO/SiO₂-coated samples did not decrease significantly, and the ion leaching concentration in the corrosive medium gradually decreased with the increase in GO content, verifying the positive correlation between GO content and corrosion resistance and GO’s use in the field of corrosion resistance in water treatment facilities.