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Khaled Elsaid
Chemical Engineering Program, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha 23874, Qatar

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Review
Published: 24 August 2021 in Energies
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To meet the increasing energy demand, renewable energy is considered the best option. Its patronage is being encouraged by both the research and industrial community. The main driving force for most renewable systems is solar energy. It is abundant and pollutant free compared to fossil products. Wind energy is also considered an abundant medium of energy generation and often goes hand in hand with solar energy. The last few decades have seen a sudden surge in wind energy compared to solar energy due to most wind energy systems being cost effective compared to solar energy. Wind turbines are often categorised as large or small depending on their application and energy generation output. Sustainable materials for construction of different parts of wind turbines are being encouraged to lower the cost of the system. The turbine blades and generators perform crucial roles in the overall operation of the turbines; hence, their material composition is very critical. Today, most turbine blades are made up of natural fiber-reinforced polymer (NFRP) as well as glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP). Others are also made from wood and some metallic materials. Each of the materials introduced has specific characteristics that affect the system’s efficiency. This investigation explores the influence of these materials on turbine efficiency. Observations have shown that composites reinforced with nanomaterials have excellent mechanical characteristics. Carbon nanotubes have unique characteristics that may make them valuable in wind turbine blades in the future. It is possible to strengthen carbon nanotubes with various kinds of resins to get a variety of different characteristics. Similarly, the end-of-life treatment methods for composite materials is also presented.

ACS Style

Abdul Ghani Olabi; Tabbi Wilberforce; Khaled Elsaid; Enas Taha Sayed; Tareq Salameh; Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem; Ahmad Baroutaji. A Review on Failure Modes of Wind Turbine Components. Energies 2021, 14, 5241 .

AMA Style

Abdul Ghani Olabi, Tabbi Wilberforce, Khaled Elsaid, Enas Taha Sayed, Tareq Salameh, Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem, Ahmad Baroutaji. A Review on Failure Modes of Wind Turbine Components. Energies. 2021; 14 (17):5241.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdul Ghani Olabi; Tabbi Wilberforce; Khaled Elsaid; Enas Taha Sayed; Tareq Salameh; Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem; Ahmad Baroutaji. 2021. "A Review on Failure Modes of Wind Turbine Components." Energies 14, no. 17: 5241.

Review article
Published: 24 June 2021 in Thermal Science and Engineering Progress
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Solar thermal energy (STE) is characterized by its ability to generate bulk power via integration with thermal energy storage. This feature made STE an attractive option over other renewable energy systems. However, the development of cost-effective storage technologies relates mainly to the thermal and chemical properties of storage material. This paper reviews the research development of using nano-additives to base storage material. Through reviewed articles, it is found that silica and alumina nanoparticles (NPs) are the most efficient candidate to enhance the specific heat capacity (SHC) of the storage media, by using 1 wt% concentration an average of up to 120 and 60% in heat capacity and thermal conductivity/diffusivity, respectively enhancement can be achieved. The enhanced SHC of nanocomposite showed stability up to 400 – 450 °C, afterword the mixture showed some changes. On the other hand, adding NPs didn’t show a significant change in the melting temperature and the heat of fusion for the nano-mixture compared to the base material. However, significant enhancement occurred in thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity. Implementing the developed NPs technology in the storage media could increase the energy output and efficiency of the system, and that causes a significant reduction in the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). However, more studies should be conducted on nano-mixture stability and its life span.

ACS Style

Bashria A.A. Yousef; Khaled Elsaid; Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem. Potential of nanoparticles in Solar Thermal Energy Storage. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress 2021, 25, 101003 .

AMA Style

Bashria A.A. Yousef, Khaled Elsaid, Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem. Potential of nanoparticles in Solar Thermal Energy Storage. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress. 2021; 25 ():101003.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bashria A.A. Yousef; Khaled Elsaid; Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem. 2021. "Potential of nanoparticles in Solar Thermal Energy Storage." Thermal Science and Engineering Progress 25, no. : 101003.

Review
Published: 02 June 2021 in Energies
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The building block of all economies across the world is subject to the medium in which energy is harnessed. Renewable energy is currently one of the recommended substitutes for fossil fuels due to its environmentally friendly nature. Wind energy, which is considered as one of the promising renewable energy forms, has gained lots of attention in the last few decades due to its sustainability as well as viability. This review presents a detailed investigation into this technology as well as factors impeding its commercialization. General selection guidelines for the available wind turbine technologies are presented. Prospects of various components associated with wind energy conversion systems are thoroughly discussed with their limitations equally captured in this report. The need for further optimization techniques in terms of design and materials used for the development of each component is highlighted.

ACS Style

A. Olabi; Tabbi Wilberforce; Khaled Elsaid; Tareq Salameh; Enas Sayed; Khaled Husain; Mohammad Abdelkareem. Selection Guidelines for Wind Energy Technologies. Energies 2021, 14, 3244 .

AMA Style

A. Olabi, Tabbi Wilberforce, Khaled Elsaid, Tareq Salameh, Enas Sayed, Khaled Husain, Mohammad Abdelkareem. Selection Guidelines for Wind Energy Technologies. Energies. 2021; 14 (11):3244.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Olabi; Tabbi Wilberforce; Khaled Elsaid; Tareq Salameh; Enas Sayed; Khaled Husain; Mohammad Abdelkareem. 2021. "Selection Guidelines for Wind Energy Technologies." Energies 14, no. 11: 3244.

Review article
Published: 30 April 2021 in Journal of Environmental Management
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The COVID-19 pandemic has hit the world hardly as of the beginning of 2020 and quickly spread worldwide from its first-reported point in early Dec. 2019. By mid-March 2021, the COVID-19 almost hit all countries worldwide, with about 122 and 2.7 million confirmed cases and deaths, respectively. As a strong measure to stop the infection spread and deaths, many countries have enforced quarantine and lockdown of many activities. The shutdown of these activities has resulted in large economic losses. However, it has been widely reported that these measures have resulted in improved air quality, more specifically in highly polluted areas characterized by massive population and industrial activities. The reduced levels of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and particulate matter emissions have been reported and confirmed worldwide in association with lockdown periods. On the other hand, ozone levels in ambient air have been found to increase, mainly in response to the reduced nitrogen emissions. In addition, improved water quality in natural water resources has been reported as well. Wastewater facilities have reported a higher level of organic load with persistent chemicals due to the increased use of sanitizers, disinfectants, and antibiotics. The solid waste generated due to the COVID-19 pandemic was found to increase both qualitatively and quantitatively. This work presents and summarizes the observed environmental effects of COVID-19 as reported in the literature for different countries worldwide. The work provides a distinct overview considering the effects imposed by COVID-19 on the air, water, wastewater, and solid waste as critical elements of the environment.

ACS Style

Khaled Elsaid; Valentina Olabi; Enas Taha Sayed; Tabbi Wilberforce; Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem. Effects of COVID-19 on the environment: An overview on air, water, wastewater, and solid waste. Journal of Environmental Management 2021, 292, 112694 -112694.

AMA Style

Khaled Elsaid, Valentina Olabi, Enas Taha Sayed, Tabbi Wilberforce, Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem. Effects of COVID-19 on the environment: An overview on air, water, wastewater, and solid waste. Journal of Environmental Management. 2021; 292 ():112694-112694.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khaled Elsaid; Valentina Olabi; Enas Taha Sayed; Tabbi Wilberforce; Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem. 2021. "Effects of COVID-19 on the environment: An overview on air, water, wastewater, and solid waste." Journal of Environmental Management 292, no. : 112694-112694.

Journal article
Published: 22 April 2021 in Chemical Engineering Journal Advances
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Among all the electrocatalysts for Lithium-Air battery (Li-air), Platinum Pt is the best performing cathode material. However, the high cost of noble Pt metal and scarcity nature impedes the use of Pt-based catalysts from being extensivity used in commercial applications. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an efficient and cost-effective alternate electrocatalyst to replace Pt-based materials in lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) battaries. In the present work, δ-MnO2/N-rGO composite (MNGC) has been synthesized by a simple non-template hydrothermal approach. MNGC with a porous wall structure composed of ultrathin nanosheets exhibits excellent electrochemical properties for oxidation–reduction reaction (ORR). MNGC can provide numerous pathways for abundant oxygen and electrolyte access to facilitate the mass transfer of lithium-ion. Such a well-designed structure offers the right electrocatalyst for the air cathode in lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) battaries. The prepared samples principal characteristics are analyzed, which verified the successful synthesis of sheet-like δ-MnO2 grown over the surface of nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO). Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) results of MNGC showed enhanced ORR performance compared to MnO2 and N-rGO in terms of the half-wave potential, limiting current, and onset potential. MNGC electrode displayed superior cyclic performances of Li-air with a stable specific capacity, decreased overpotential, reversibility, and rate capability. Li-O2 battery was also tested with MNGN electrode for limited discharge capacity of 500 mAh/g, long-term cycling was achieved without electrolyte degradation. A high specific capacity of 5250 mAh/g was obtained at a high current density of 0.2 mA/cm2. The interlinked effect of δ–MnO2 and N–rGO for supporting the electrochemical interaction between O2 and Li is explained for improved columbic and energy efficiency of Li–O2 battery

ACS Style

Awan Zahoor; Raza Faizan; Khaled Elsaid; Saud Hashmi; Faaz Ahmed Butt; Zafar Khan Ghouri. Synthesis and experimental investigation of δ-MnO2/N-rGO nanocomposite for Li-O2 batteries applications. Chemical Engineering Journal Advances 2021, 7, 100115 .

AMA Style

Awan Zahoor, Raza Faizan, Khaled Elsaid, Saud Hashmi, Faaz Ahmed Butt, Zafar Khan Ghouri. Synthesis and experimental investigation of δ-MnO2/N-rGO nanocomposite for Li-O2 batteries applications. Chemical Engineering Journal Advances. 2021; 7 ():100115.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Awan Zahoor; Raza Faizan; Khaled Elsaid; Saud Hashmi; Faaz Ahmed Butt; Zafar Khan Ghouri. 2021. "Synthesis and experimental investigation of δ-MnO2/N-rGO nanocomposite for Li-O2 batteries applications." Chemical Engineering Journal Advances 7, no. : 100115.

Journal article
Published: 26 March 2021 in Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments
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A key medium for energy generation globally is the solar energy. The present work evaluates the challenges of building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPVT) required for various applications from techno-economic and environmental points of view. Many challenges are found for applying solar photovoltaics (PVs) modules combined with building systems: supplying hot and cold water and ventilation for the residential and non-residential building. Moreover, efforts and advances achieved in enhancing the BIPVT thermal and electrical performance are explored. Additionally, the review provides further insight into recognizing the fundamental science of the BIPVT systems, explaining its rapid developments and the thermal performance mechanisms. The BIPVT systems designed for rooftops, windows, and facades are specifically highlighted in the present review. Furthermore, the status of PV modules and BIPVT system, benefits, applications, barriers and challenges, and future prospects are discussed. The BIPVT systems require governmental support and a more economically convenient and efficient tariff to maintain the economic feasibility of the system. The key factors impeding the commercialization of BIPVT systems are the implementation of the feed-in tariff, customers’ perception, national economic support, technical aspects such as the performance, system management, and architectural and material considerations. Finally, this review indicates that further works concerned the BIPVT systems to enhance the technology and advancements are still required.

ACS Style

Hussein M. Maghrabie; Khaled Elsaid; Enas Taha Sayed; Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem; Tabbi Wilberforce; A.G. Olabi. Building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPVT) systems: Applications and challenges. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 2021, 45, 101151 .

AMA Style

Hussein M. Maghrabie, Khaled Elsaid, Enas Taha Sayed, Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem, Tabbi Wilberforce, A.G. Olabi. Building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPVT) systems: Applications and challenges. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments. 2021; 45 ():101151.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hussein M. Maghrabie; Khaled Elsaid; Enas Taha Sayed; Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem; Tabbi Wilberforce; A.G. Olabi. 2021. "Building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPVT) systems: Applications and challenges." Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 45, no. : 101151.

Journal article
Published: 20 February 2021 in Membranes
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A low cost bipolar plate materials with a high fuel cell performance is important for the establishment of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM ) fuel cells into the competitive world market. In this research, the effect of different bipolar plates material such as Aluminum (Al), Copper (Cu), and Stainless Steel (SS) of a single stack of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells was investigated both numerically and experimentally. Firstly, a three dimensional (3D) PEM fuel cell model was developed, and simulations were conducted using commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) ANSYS FLUENT to examine the effect of each bipolar plate materials on cell performance. Along with cell performance, significant parameters distributions like temperature, pressure, a mass fraction of hydrogen, oxygen, and water is presented. Then, an experimental study of a single cell of Al, Cu, and SS bipolar plate material was used in the verification of the numerical investigation. Finally, polarization curves of numerical and experimental results was compared for validation, and the result shows that Al serpentine bipolar plate material performed better than Cu and SS materials. The outcome of the investigation was in tandem to the fact that due to adsorption on metal surfaces, hydrogen molecules is more stable on Al surface than Cu and SS surfaces.

ACS Style

Tabbi Wilberforce; Oluwatosin Ijaodola; Ogungbemi Emmanuel; James Thompson; Abdul Olabi; Mohammad Abdelkareem; Enas Sayed; Khaled Elsaid; Hussein Maghrabie. Optimization of Fuel Cell Performance Using Computational Fluid Dynamics. Membranes 2021, 11, 146 .

AMA Style

Tabbi Wilberforce, Oluwatosin Ijaodola, Ogungbemi Emmanuel, James Thompson, Abdul Olabi, Mohammad Abdelkareem, Enas Sayed, Khaled Elsaid, Hussein Maghrabie. Optimization of Fuel Cell Performance Using Computational Fluid Dynamics. Membranes. 2021; 11 (2):146.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tabbi Wilberforce; Oluwatosin Ijaodola; Ogungbemi Emmanuel; James Thompson; Abdul Olabi; Mohammad Abdelkareem; Enas Sayed; Khaled Elsaid; Hussein Maghrabie. 2021. "Optimization of Fuel Cell Performance Using Computational Fluid Dynamics." Membranes 11, no. 2: 146.

Journal article
Published: 27 January 2021 in Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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Application of noble metal-free electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) during electrocatalytic water splitting is crucial for clean energy conversion and has drawn extensive attention. However, the development of highly active and low cost electrocatalysts is a considerable challenge. Herein, Co-Cu alloy nanoparticles-incorporated carbon nanowires electrocatalyst was synthesized and evaluated for both OER and HER. The nanomaterials were fabricated by facile electrospinning of sol-gel composed of cobalt acetate, copper acetate, and poly(vinyl alcohol) followed by calcination in an inert environment. Adjusting the composition of the metallic counterpart was found to significantly enhance electrochemical properties of the catalyst. Furthermore, the unique nanowire morphology and structural properties of incorporated Co-Cu alloy, the ([email protected]) composition exhibits good electrocatalytic performance for both OER and HER in the alkaline medium. Physicochemical characterizations using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscope, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy have confirmed the formation of alloy structure and nanowire morphology. The optimum composition ([email protected]) requires small overpotential, ɳ10 of ∼285 mV for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and ∼160 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with the corresponding Tafel slope of 92 mV dec−1 and 172 mV dec−1 versus the reversible hydrogen electrode, respectively. In addition, only negligible loss in activity was observed after 1000 cycles and prodeces cell voltage of 1.58 V at current of 10 mA/cm2 and 1.72 V at current density of 50 mA/cm2 in two electrode system. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were employed to verify experimental results. Electronic density of states (DOS) results reveal an increase in electronic states near the Fermi level upon Co-Cu heterojunctioning with CNWs. This is indicative of improved catalytic activity and more favorable binding energies of HER and OER intermediates. Reaction coordinate diagrams for HER and OER were developed, which aided in identifying thermodynamically limiting steps. This work may provide a feasible approach for incorporating other transition metals to design low-cost and high-performance bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting.

ACS Style

Zafar Khan Ghouri; Ahmed Badreldin; Khaled Elsaid; Dharmesh Kumar; Karim Youssef; Ahmed Abdel-Wahab. Theoretical and experimental investigations of Co-Cu bimetallic alloys-incorporated carbon nanowires as an efficient bi-functional electrocatalyst for water splitting. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 2021, 96, 243 -253.

AMA Style

Zafar Khan Ghouri, Ahmed Badreldin, Khaled Elsaid, Dharmesh Kumar, Karim Youssef, Ahmed Abdel-Wahab. Theoretical and experimental investigations of Co-Cu bimetallic alloys-incorporated carbon nanowires as an efficient bi-functional electrocatalyst for water splitting. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 2021; 96 ():243-253.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zafar Khan Ghouri; Ahmed Badreldin; Khaled Elsaid; Dharmesh Kumar; Karim Youssef; Ahmed Abdel-Wahab. 2021. "Theoretical and experimental investigations of Co-Cu bimetallic alloys-incorporated carbon nanowires as an efficient bi-functional electrocatalyst for water splitting." Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 96, no. : 243-253.

Journal article
Published: 06 January 2021 in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
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Fuel cell (FC) is simply a device that directly converts the chemical energy of fuel into electrical energy through electrochemical oxidation. Hence, FC inherently exhibits a low-temperature and high-energy conversion efficiency. Direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs) overcome the storage, handling, and safety challenges typically associated with gaseous fuels such as hydrogen. Most of the research and development work in DAFC is focusing on maximizing its performance by varying fuel concentration, operating conditions, and electrocatalysts used. However, less attention is being given to the health and safety aspects associated with these fuels and operating conditions. Most of these fuels are known to be highly flammable, toxic, and become even more hazardous at elevated temperatures. The present work performs a systematic assessment of the safety and health aspects of the widely used fuels for DAFCs, namely methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol. The safety assessment is considering the flammability characteristics, along with other safe operation aspects. While the health assessment considers the toxicity of fuel and its reaction byproducts to human and aquatic life. The evaluation has provided an envelope of conditions at which the FC operation would be considered “safer” by applying basic principles of inherent safety, i.e., minimizing, substituting, moderating, and simplifying.

ACS Style

Khaled Elsaid; Shereen Abdelfatah; Ahmed Maher Abdel Elabsir; Raid J. Hassiba; Zafar Khan Ghouri; Luc Vechot. Direct alcohol fuel cells: Assessment of the fuel's safety and health aspects. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Khaled Elsaid, Shereen Abdelfatah, Ahmed Maher Abdel Elabsir, Raid J. Hassiba, Zafar Khan Ghouri, Luc Vechot. Direct alcohol fuel cells: Assessment of the fuel's safety and health aspects. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khaled Elsaid; Shereen Abdelfatah; Ahmed Maher Abdel Elabsir; Raid J. Hassiba; Zafar Khan Ghouri; Luc Vechot. 2021. "Direct alcohol fuel cells: Assessment of the fuel's safety and health aspects." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , no. : 1.

Review article
Published: 30 September 2020 in Journal of Environmental Management
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Remote areas and poor communities are occasionally deprived of access to freshwater. It is, therefore, critical to providing a cheap and efficient desalination system that encourages the development of those communities and benefiting society at large. Solar stills are an affordable, direct method of water desalination, but its productivity is the critical challenge hindering its application. To ease this, research has focused on the role of nanofluids to improve heat transfer. Other works have focused on improving the design in consort with utilizing the nanofluids. This review reports and discusses the substantial role of nanofluids to enhance the productivity and energy utilization efficiency of the solar stills. Specifically, the mechanism of energy transfer between the nanoparticles and the base fluid. This includes both plasmonic and thermal effects. It is evident that nanofluid utilization in small fraction enhanced the thermal conductivity compared to base fluid alone. Alumina was found to be the most suitable nanoparticle used as nanofluid inside the solar stills due to its availability and lower cost. Still, other competitors such as carbon nanostructures need to be investigated as it provides higher enhancement of thermal conductivity. Also, several aspects of energy utilization enhancement have been discussed, including innovative application techniques. The challenges of such integrated systems are addressed as well.

ACS Style

Anum Iqbal; Mohamed S. Mahmoud; Enas Taha Sayed; Khaled Elsaid; Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem; Hussain Alawadhi; A.G. Olabi. Evaluation of the nanofluid-assisted desalination through solar stills in the last decade. Journal of Environmental Management 2020, 277, 111415 .

AMA Style

Anum Iqbal, Mohamed S. Mahmoud, Enas Taha Sayed, Khaled Elsaid, Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem, Hussain Alawadhi, A.G. Olabi. Evaluation of the nanofluid-assisted desalination through solar stills in the last decade. Journal of Environmental Management. 2020; 277 ():111415.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anum Iqbal; Mohamed S. Mahmoud; Enas Taha Sayed; Khaled Elsaid; Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem; Hussain Alawadhi; A.G. Olabi. 2020. "Evaluation of the nanofluid-assisted desalination through solar stills in the last decade." Journal of Environmental Management 277, no. : 111415.

Review
Published: 20 August 2020 in Science of The Total Environment
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Fossil fuels represent the primary energy supply utilized worldwide. Despite this, fossil fuels are both a limited resource and have severe environmental impacts that result in climate change and several health issues. Fuel cells (FCs) are efficient energy conversion devices, which can be used for energy conversion and storage. Although different types of FCs exhibit promising features for future usage, they also have some environmental aspects that ought to be addressed. This review summarizes the different types of FCs, including the advantages and disadvantages of each. The different environmental aspects of the common types of FCs are then comprehensively discussed. This review also compared FCs to conventional power generation systems to illustrate their relative environmental benefits. Although FC's are considered more environmental-friendly compared to conventional energy conversion systems, there are still evident operational and environmental setbacks among different FC types. These setbacks, however, must be compared with the intended application, fuel type, and all other involved factors in order to have a clear and fair comparison. FC's are considered environmentally friendly and more efficient. However, this is usually only when considering the operational phase or the operational perspective. The main challenge facing FC's still remains fuel sourcing, like, for example, in the case of obtaining hydrogen for hydrogen FC's, where hydrogen production causes environmental impacts. The same applies for electrode materials, where, in many cases, either a noble metal such as platinum, or other precious metals, or costly material are used. With this consideration, a life cycle assessment (LCA) is a very useful tool that considers all of the manufacturing, fuel sourcing, and operational phases. Although using FCs shows evident environmental improvements compared to conventional energy sources, the LCA of FC's compared to that of conventional power sources shows a similar performance. This is mainly due to the EIs associated with fuel sourcing and material acquisition, either for precious metals used for low-temperature FCs, or thermally and chemically stable materials used for medium- and high-temperature FCs. Both of these also contribute largely to the cost of FCs. Developments in both areas will undoubtedly help to make FC's both more environmental-friendly and cost-efficient. This review provides a comprehensive discussion of the environmental aspects of different FCs, while also comparing them to those of conventional systems.

ACS Style

Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem; Khaled Elsaid; Tabbi Wilberforce; Mohammed Kamil; Enas Taha Sayed; A. Olabi. Environmental aspects of fuel cells: A review. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 752, 141803 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem, Khaled Elsaid, Tabbi Wilberforce, Mohammed Kamil, Enas Taha Sayed, A. Olabi. Environmental aspects of fuel cells: A review. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 752 ():141803.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem; Khaled Elsaid; Tabbi Wilberforce; Mohammed Kamil; Enas Taha Sayed; A. Olabi. 2020. "Environmental aspects of fuel cells: A review." Science of The Total Environment 752, no. : 141803.

Journal article
Published: 13 August 2020 in Sustainability
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Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is an emerging method for extracting energy from wastewater. The power generated from such systems is low due to the sluggish electron transfer from the inside of the biocatalyst to the anode surface. One strategy for enhancing the electron transfer rate is anode modification. In this study, iron nanostructure was synthesized on a carbon cloth (CC) via a simple electroplating technique, and later investigated as a bio-anode in an MFC operated with real wastewater. The performance of an MFC with a nano-layer of iron was compared to that using bare CC. The results demonstrated that the open-circuit voltage increased from 600 mV in the case of bare CC to 800 mV in the case of the iron modified CC, showing a 33% increase in OCV. This increase in OCV can be credited to the decrease in the anode potential from 0.16 V vs. Ag/AgCl in the case of bare CC, to −0.01 V vs. Ag/AgCl in the case of the modified CC. The power output in the case of the modified electrode was 80 mW/m2—two times that of the MFC using the bare CC. Furthermore, the steady-state current in the case of the iron modified carbon cloth was two times that of the bare CC electrode. The improved performance was correlated to the enhanced electron transfer between the microorganisms and the iron-plated surface, along with the increase of the anode surface- as confirmed from the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the surface morphology, respectively.

ACS Style

Enas Sayed; Hussain Alawadhi; Khaled Elsaid; A. Olabi; Maryam Adel Almakrani; Shaikha Bin Tamim; Ghada Alafranji; Mohammad Abdelkareem. A Carbon-Cloth Anode Electroplated with Iron Nanostructure for Microbial Fuel Cell Operated with Real Wastewater. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6538 .

AMA Style

Enas Sayed, Hussain Alawadhi, Khaled Elsaid, A. Olabi, Maryam Adel Almakrani, Shaikha Bin Tamim, Ghada Alafranji, Mohammad Abdelkareem. A Carbon-Cloth Anode Electroplated with Iron Nanostructure for Microbial Fuel Cell Operated with Real Wastewater. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (16):6538.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Enas Sayed; Hussain Alawadhi; Khaled Elsaid; A. Olabi; Maryam Adel Almakrani; Shaikha Bin Tamim; Ghada Alafranji; Mohammad Abdelkareem. 2020. "A Carbon-Cloth Anode Electroplated with Iron Nanostructure for Microbial Fuel Cell Operated with Real Wastewater." Sustainability 12, no. 16: 6538.

Journal article
Published: 05 July 2019 in Journal of The Electrochemical Society
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Mixing carbon-based materials with pseudocapacitive material is a widely used strategy to prepare high-energy, high-power supercapacitors. However, phase separation is inevitable after extended charging/discharging which leads to the degradation of performance metrics of the device. Here, we prepare in a single step cobalt-incorporated carbon nanofibers (CNF) by electrospinning homogeneous solutions of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) with cobalt acetate at different nominal proportions (1:0 to 1:1), and investigate their stability and capacitive behavior in symmetric supercapacitors. The electrochemical analyzes demonstrated up to an order of magnitude increase in the effective capacitive with increasing the cobalt content at both close-to-dc frequencies and at around 50/60 Hz power line frequencies. The maximum capacitance is recorded for a nominal cobalt acetate-to-PAN ratio of 0.9 (e.g. 29, 27, 22 and 10 mF at 0.01. 0.1, 1 and 100 Hz respectively; both electrodes are loaded with 1 mg cm− 2 of active material each). All devices showed also an outstanding capacitance retention exceeding 99% for 10000 cycles at 1 mA and 5 mA charging/discharging rates each. The improved energy storage capabilities are attributed to both the increased electrical conductivity and high pyridinic nitrogen content which was revealed from the material characterization results using XRD, FE-SEM/TEM, and XPS.

ACS Style

Mohammad A. Abdelkareem; Anis Allagui; Zafar Said; Ahmed S. Elwakil; Rawan Zannerni; Waqas Hassan Tanveer; Khaled Elsaid. Frequency-Dependent Effective Capacitance of Supercapacitors Using Electrospun Cobalt-Carbon Composite Nanofibers. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 2019, 166, A2403 -A2408.

AMA Style

Mohammad A. Abdelkareem, Anis Allagui, Zafar Said, Ahmed S. Elwakil, Rawan Zannerni, Waqas Hassan Tanveer, Khaled Elsaid. Frequency-Dependent Effective Capacitance of Supercapacitors Using Electrospun Cobalt-Carbon Composite Nanofibers. Journal of The Electrochemical Society. 2019; 166 (12):A2403-A2408.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad A. Abdelkareem; Anis Allagui; Zafar Said; Ahmed S. Elwakil; Rawan Zannerni; Waqas Hassan Tanveer; Khaled Elsaid. 2019. "Frequency-Dependent Effective Capacitance of Supercapacitors Using Electrospun Cobalt-Carbon Composite Nanofibers." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 166, no. 12: A2403-A2408.

Author correction
Published: 22 May 2019 in Scientific Reports
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A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.

ACS Style

Zafar Khan Ghouri; Khaled Elsaid; Ahmed Abdala; Saeed Al-Meer; Nasser A. M. Barakat. Author Correction: Surfactant/organic solvent free single-step engineering of hybrid graphene-Pt/TiO2 nanostructure: Efficient photocatalytic system for the treatment of wastewater coming from textile industries. Scientific Reports 2019, 9, 7914 .

AMA Style

Zafar Khan Ghouri, Khaled Elsaid, Ahmed Abdala, Saeed Al-Meer, Nasser A. M. Barakat. Author Correction: Surfactant/organic solvent free single-step engineering of hybrid graphene-Pt/TiO2 nanostructure: Efficient photocatalytic system for the treatment of wastewater coming from textile industries. Scientific Reports. 2019; 9 (1):7914.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zafar Khan Ghouri; Khaled Elsaid; Ahmed Abdala; Saeed Al-Meer; Nasser A. M. Barakat. 2019. "Author Correction: Surfactant/organic solvent free single-step engineering of hybrid graphene-Pt/TiO2 nanostructure: Efficient photocatalytic system for the treatment of wastewater coming from textile industries." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1: 7914.

Journal article
Published: 31 January 2019 in Electrochimica Acta
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The quest for high performance supercapacitors from the energy-power point of view is commonly addressed from the constituting electrode materials and/or the electrolyte. Carbon-based double-layer capacitors are known for their high power density, whereas pseudocapacitors which use transition metal oxides/nitrides/sulfides or conductive polymers are know for their high power density. In this work we show that one can modulate the energy storage capability of supercapacitors by mixing at preset ratios two types of carbon materials having two different energy storage capabilities. The time-domain and frequency-domain electrochemical characterization of five symmetric devices in which the electrodes are made of carbon nanofibers (CNF) mixed with cobalt-modified CNF (Co-CNF) at different mass proportions show that as the Co-CNF content is increased in the electrode material, the effective capacitance, and hence the restored energy, is increased without affecting the power performance of the device. This opens up new opportunities for the modular design of supercapacitor electrodes using a small set of electric double-layer capacitive materials.

ACS Style

Zafar Said; Anis Allagui; Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem; Ahmed S. Elwakil; Hussain Alawadhi; Rawan Zannerni; Khaled Elsaid. Modulating the energy storage of supercapacitors by mixing close-to-ideal and far-from-ideal capacitive carbon nanofibers. Electrochimica Acta 2019, 301, 465 -471.

AMA Style

Zafar Said, Anis Allagui, Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem, Ahmed S. Elwakil, Hussain Alawadhi, Rawan Zannerni, Khaled Elsaid. Modulating the energy storage of supercapacitors by mixing close-to-ideal and far-from-ideal capacitive carbon nanofibers. Electrochimica Acta. 2019; 301 ():465-471.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zafar Said; Anis Allagui; Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem; Ahmed S. Elwakil; Hussain Alawadhi; Rawan Zannerni; Khaled Elsaid. 2019. "Modulating the energy storage of supercapacitors by mixing close-to-ideal and far-from-ideal capacitive carbon nanofibers." Electrochimica Acta 301, no. : 465-471.

Full paper
Published: 16 November 2018 in ChemistrySelect
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In this study, the cerium‐palladium (CePd) incorporated carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were manufactured by low‐cost and versatile electrospinning technique and successfully applied as a counter electrode to fabricate the dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The utilized physiochemical techniques, X‐ray diffractometer (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field‐emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) confirmed the formation of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) incorporated by Ce and Pd nanoparticles. CePd incorporated CNFs were preliminary presented good electrocatalytic activity towards the iodide redox couple, as investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The DSSC fabricated using CePd incorporated CNFs based counter electrode (CE) attained an applicable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.52% along with open circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.739 V, a short‐circuit current density (JSC) of 11.42 mA/cm2 and fill factor (FF) of 0.54. According to primary results, the CePd incorporated CNFs based CE is a promising, and cost‐effective alternative CE for photoelectrochemical devices.

ACS Style

Zafar Khan Ghouri; Khaled Elsaid; Ahmed Abdala; Abdulmuin M. Abdullah; Mohammed Shaheer Akhtar. CePd‐Nanoparticles‐Incorporated Carbon Nanofibers as Efficient Counter Electrode for DSSCs. ChemistrySelect 2018, 3, 12314 -12319.

AMA Style

Zafar Khan Ghouri, Khaled Elsaid, Ahmed Abdala, Abdulmuin M. Abdullah, Mohammed Shaheer Akhtar. CePd‐Nanoparticles‐Incorporated Carbon Nanofibers as Efficient Counter Electrode for DSSCs. ChemistrySelect. 2018; 3 (43):12314-12319.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zafar Khan Ghouri; Khaled Elsaid; Ahmed Abdala; Abdulmuin M. Abdullah; Mohammed Shaheer Akhtar. 2018. "CePd‐Nanoparticles‐Incorporated Carbon Nanofibers as Efficient Counter Electrode for DSSCs." ChemistrySelect 3, no. 43: 12314-12319.

Journal article
Published: 02 October 2018 in Scientific Reports
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In this study, hybrid graphene-Pt/TiO2 nanostructure were synthesized by single-step, inexpensive and surfactant/organic solvent free route; hydrothermal technique. The physicochemical properties of hybrid graphene-Pt/TiO2 nanostructure were carefully analyzed by multiple techniques, including X-ray diffractometer (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The synthesized hybrid nanostructures were utilized as photocatalyst for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under natural environment at average ambient temperature and mean daily global solar radiation, of about 22–25 °C and 374.9 mWh/cm2, respectively. The activity performance indicated considerable degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye and was in the following order Gr (13%), TiO2 (60%) and hybrid graphene-Pt/TiO2 nanostructure (90%) over 21 min under the natural light illumination. The physiochemical characterization suggests that, the tightly attached metalized TiO2 nanoparticles (Pt-TiO2) on the high surface area graphene sheets improved utilization of visible light and increased separation and transfer of photo-excited electron (ē) hole (h+) pairs. Notably, the hybrid graphene-Pt/TiO2 nanostructure exhibited an excellent cyclic stability for methylene blue (MB) dye removal. Finally, the kinetic behavior indicated that the photocatalytic degradation reaction of the dye obeyed the pseudo-first order (Langmuir-Hinshelwood) kinetics model.

ACS Style

Zafar Khan Ghouri; Khaled Elsaid; Ahmed Abdala; Saeed Al-Meer; Nasser A. M. Barakat. Surfactant/organic solvent free single-step engineering of hybrid graphene-Pt/TiO2 nanostructure: Efficient photocatalytic system for the treatment of wastewater coming from textile industries. Scientific Reports 2018, 8, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Zafar Khan Ghouri, Khaled Elsaid, Ahmed Abdala, Saeed Al-Meer, Nasser A. M. Barakat. Surfactant/organic solvent free single-step engineering of hybrid graphene-Pt/TiO2 nanostructure: Efficient photocatalytic system for the treatment of wastewater coming from textile industries. Scientific Reports. 2018; 8 (1):1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zafar Khan Ghouri; Khaled Elsaid; Ahmed Abdala; Saeed Al-Meer; Nasser A. M. Barakat. 2018. "Surfactant/organic solvent free single-step engineering of hybrid graphene-Pt/TiO2 nanostructure: Efficient photocatalytic system for the treatment of wastewater coming from textile industries." Scientific Reports 8, no. 1: 1-10.

Benchmark
Published: 23 August 2018 in Methods and Protocols
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A method for the measurement of total mercury (T-Hg) in environmental samples using cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (CV AAS) has been validated yielding a dynamic range (0.04–10.00 μg/kg) and high certified reference material (CRM) recovery (>90%). The validation was carried out according to International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) validation and Eurachem Guides. A freeze-dried and homogenised sample was weighed and then digested using Suprapur acids (HNO3, H2SO4, and HF) with potassium dichromate solution in a hot block digestion system. A calibration curve was constructed (R2 > 0.999). Two CRMs (Marine Sediment Reference Material (PACS-3) and Trace Elements in Muscle Tissue (Trace Elements and Methylmercury in Mussel Tissue (NIST2976)) were utilised for quality assurance and control. The limit of quantification (LOQ) calculated as 0.04 µg/kg, and uncertainty (U) calculated as 2%. The obtained results showed the suitability of this method for direct mercury measurement in environmental samples. Additionally, the proficiency of this method was recognised by accreditation under the standard of International Organization for Standardization (ISO/IEC 17025:2017) for competence of testing and calibration laboratories.

ACS Style

Ahmed Abou Elezz; Hassan Mustafa Hassan; Hamood Abdulla Alsaadi; Ahmed Easa; Saeed Al-Meer; Khaled Elsaid; Zafar Khan Ghouri; Ahmed Abdala. Validation of Total Mercury in Marine Sediment and Biological Samples, Using Cold Vapour Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Methods and Protocols 2018, 1, 31 .

AMA Style

Ahmed Abou Elezz, Hassan Mustafa Hassan, Hamood Abdulla Alsaadi, Ahmed Easa, Saeed Al-Meer, Khaled Elsaid, Zafar Khan Ghouri, Ahmed Abdala. Validation of Total Mercury in Marine Sediment and Biological Samples, Using Cold Vapour Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Methods and Protocols. 2018; 1 (3):31.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed Abou Elezz; Hassan Mustafa Hassan; Hamood Abdulla Alsaadi; Ahmed Easa; Saeed Al-Meer; Khaled Elsaid; Zafar Khan Ghouri; Ahmed Abdala. 2018. "Validation of Total Mercury in Marine Sediment and Biological Samples, Using Cold Vapour Atomic Absorption Spectrometry." Methods and Protocols 1, no. 3: 31.

Review article
Published: 17 July 2018 in Renewable Energy
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Passive direct methanol fuel cells (pDMFCs) have several advantages such as high theoretical energy density, quick refueling and environmentally safe. However, methanol crossover (MCO) is one of the major challenges to the commercialization of pDMFCs. Significant progress has been achieved over the last few years in controlling MCO through different approaches, such as applying porous plate, pervaporative membranes, and so forth. These methods are mainly based on supplying methanol to the anode surface in vapor phase. Thus, two types of pDMFCs are available: low methanol concentration (liquid-feed pDMFC) and high methanol concentration (vapor-feed pDMFC). The methanol and water transports are different in these two types of cells. Moreover, under low operating temperature and at high methanol concentration (i.e., above 50 mol%) in the vapor-feed pDMFC, the possibility for chemical intermediate to form increases. Such intermediates not only decrease the efficiency of the cell but are also harmful for the health and the environment. The aim of this review is to highlight and clarify the differences between liquid and vapor-feed pDMFCs. Moreover, the mechanism of intermediates formation in vapor-feed pDMFC and the different approaches to controlling it are presented. Finally, we present recommendations for designing safe and high performance pDMFCs.

ACS Style

Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem; Anis Allagui; Enas Sayed; Mamdouh El Haj Assad; Zafar Said; Khaled Elsaid. Comparative analysis of liquid versus vapor-feed passive direct methanol fuel cells. Renewable Energy 2018, 131, 563 -584.

AMA Style

Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem, Anis Allagui, Enas Sayed, Mamdouh El Haj Assad, Zafar Said, Khaled Elsaid. Comparative analysis of liquid versus vapor-feed passive direct methanol fuel cells. Renewable Energy. 2018; 131 ():563-584.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem; Anis Allagui; Enas Sayed; Mamdouh El Haj Assad; Zafar Said; Khaled Elsaid. 2018. "Comparative analysis of liquid versus vapor-feed passive direct methanol fuel cells." Renewable Energy 131, no. : 563-584.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2018 in Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
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Carbon-based nanofluids are viewed as promising thermal fluids for heat transfer applications. However, other properties, such as electrical conductivity and electrochemical behavior, are usually overlooked and rarely investigated despite their importance for the overall performance characterization of a given application. In this study, we synthesized PAN-based carbon nanofibers (CNF) by electrospinning, and characterized them using electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Thermoelectrical and electrochemical measurements were carried out on nanofluids. We found that, although CNF nanofluids exhibit good thermal and electrical properties with a negligible corrosive effect, the suspensions tend to sediment within a few days. However, acid treatment of CNF (F-CNF), which resulted in the shortening of the fibers and the appearance of surface-oxygenated species, made F-CNF-based nanofluids exhibit superior stability in water that extended for more than 90 days, with consistent and superior thermal and electrical properties.

ACS Style

Zafar Said; Anis Allagui; Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem; Hussain Alawadhi; Khaled Elsaid. Acid-functionalized carbon nanofibers for high stability, thermoelectrical and electrochemical properties of nanofluids. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 2018, 520, 50 -57.

AMA Style

Zafar Said, Anis Allagui, Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem, Hussain Alawadhi, Khaled Elsaid. Acid-functionalized carbon nanofibers for high stability, thermoelectrical and electrochemical properties of nanofluids. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 2018; 520 ():50-57.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zafar Said; Anis Allagui; Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem; Hussain Alawadhi; Khaled Elsaid. 2018. "Acid-functionalized carbon nanofibers for high stability, thermoelectrical and electrochemical properties of nanofluids." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 520, no. : 50-57.