A typical 5G multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) system must combine a high number of antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to realize spatial multiplexing capability. In this paper, a wideband 16- element indoor base station (BS) antenna array that can cover 3.3–6.0 GHz is proposed for 5G applications. A π-shaped monopole antenna is designed to cover the Lower band (LTE bands 42/43–N77–N78), the intermediate band (N79), and the higher band (LTE 46). The antenna elements are arranged in a limited space printed on a substrate take the Hexakaidecagon Polygon shape. As the antenna elements are arranged with good isolation, achieving good polarization diversity. The proposed BS array is simulated, fabricated, and tested. The typical results, S-parameters, antenna efficiency, and radiation patterns are investigated. Moreover, to validate the MIMO performances, a very low envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) below 0.02, high antenna efficiency of about 82–93.2% are achieved. The calculated ergodic channel capacity of the 16 × 16 MIMO system reached up to 85 bps/Hz. The proposed antenna array was compared to some other 5G MIMO indoor base station antennas.

In this paper, two designs of ten port and fourteen port Massive Multiple-Input–Multiple-Output (MIMO) arrays are proposed for the Fifth Generation (5G) cellphone applications. A dual-band ring loop antenna is proposed to cover the LTE band 42 (3.4 – 3.6 GHz), LTE band 43 (3.6 – 3.8 GHz), and LTE band 46 (5.15 – 5.925 GHz). The proposed arrays are designed with changing the battery position and exploiting the space to add more antennas. Also, better isolation may be achieved concerning the use of spatial diversity methods on the antenna components. To achieve higher isolation, the substrate is formed as the loop antenna elements are printed on a separated dodecagon FR4 substrate with different orientation angles. The proposed designs achieve isolation better than -26 dB. Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) based on S-parameters is found to be better than 0.005 in LTE band 42/43 and 0.006 in LTE band 46. Also, the ECC is calculated based on far-field radiation patterns and is found to be less than 0.2 in LTE band 42/43 and less than 0.12 in LTE band 46. The channel capacities are attained, the 10 × 10 MIMO achieve 57.6 bps/Hz, and the 14 × 14 MIMO achieve 72 bps/Hz. Additionally, The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), Diversity Gain (DG), and the effect of frame insertion on the proposed array are also discussed

A typical 5G multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) system must combine a high number of antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to realize spatial multiplexing capability. In this paper, a wideband 16- element indoor base station (BS) antenna array that can cover 3.3–6.0 GHz is proposed for 5G applications. A π-shaped monopole antenna is designed to cover the Lower band (LTE bands 42/43 - N77 - N78), the intermediate band (N79), and the higher band (LTE 46). The antenna elements are arranged in a limited space printed on a substrate takes the Hexakaidecagon Polygon shape. Where, the antenna elements are arranged with good isolation, achieving good polarization diversity. The proposed BS array is simulated, fabricated, and tested. The typical results, S- parameters, antenna efficiency, and radiation patterns are investigated. Moreover, to validate the MIMO performances, a very low envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) below 0.02, high antenna efficiency of about 82% - 93.2% are achieved. The calculated ergodic channel capacity of the 16×16 MIMO system reached up to 85 bps/Hz. A comparison between the proposed antenna array and some other 5G MIMO indoor base station antennas is studied.