This paper proposes a wideband ultra-compact implantable antenna for a wireless body area network (WBAN). The proposed patch antenna works in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands. The proposed patch antenna with an ultra-compact size (5 × 5 × 0.26 mm³) was designed with 29% wide bandwidth (about 670 MHz). This wide bandwidth makes the antenna unaffected by implantation in different human body parts. The miniaturization process passed many steps by adding many slots with different shapes in the radiating element as well as in the ground plane. A 50 Ω coaxial feeding excites the antenna to maintain matching and low power loss. The specific absorption rate (SAR) was calculated for health considerations. The result was within the standard limits of IEEE organizations and the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNRP). The antenna was tested in tissues with multiple layers (up to seven layers) and at various depths (up to 29 mm). The link margin was calculated, and the proposed antenna enables 100 Kbps of data to be transferred over a distance of 20 m and approximately 1 Mbps over a distance of 7 m. The proposed antenna was fabricated and tested. The measured S₁₁ parameters and the simulated results using the Computer Simulation Technology (CST Studio) simulator were in good agreement.

The objective of this paper is to develop a wearable circular UWB MIMO antenna array, consisting of four elements, that is capable of detecting and locating tumor cells within a heterogeneous breast phantom. The antenna element operates within a bandwidth from 2.4 GHz to 10.6 GHz when FR4 is used as the substrate, and extends from 2.57 GHz to 12.6 GHz when a Dacron fabric is used instead. The antenna is fabricated and measured, yielding highly similar results to the simulated outcomes. In the suggested detection system, one antenna is used for transmission, while the other antennas receive the transmitted signal. The employed antenna demonstrates gains of 5.49 dBi, 9.87 dBi, 11.9 dBi, and 14.7 dBi at resonant frequencies of 2.84 GHz, 3.87 GHz, 5.83 GHz, and 8.24 GHz, respectively, when a Dacron fabric is used as the substrate. Moreover, the proposed antenna exhibits a flexible shape with minimal vertical and horizontal bending effects across the entire operating frequency band. The antenna has a compact size of 42.85 × 42.85 mm² and is printed on an FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.5 and a thickness of 1.6 mm for testing purposes. The S-parameters of the suggested system can effectively identify and precisely locate small tumors. Furthermore, the SAR findings indicate that the amount of power absorbed by the breast phantom tissues complies with the IEEE standards, thus confirming the suitability of the recommended antenna for the early detection and localization of breast cancer.

A typical 5G multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) system must combine a high number of antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to realize spatial multiplexing capability. In this paper, a wideband 16- element indoor base station (BS) antenna array that can cover 3.3–6.0 GHz is proposed for 5G applications. A π-shaped monopole antenna is designed to cover the Lower band (LTE bands 42/43–N77–N78), the intermediate band (N79), and the higher band (LTE 46). The antenna elements are arranged in a limited space printed on a substrate take the Hexakaidecagon Polygon shape. As the antenna elements are arranged with good isolation, achieving good polarization diversity. The proposed BS array is simulated, fabricated, and tested. The typical results, S-parameters, antenna efficiency, and radiation patterns are investigated. Moreover, to validate the MIMO performances, a very low envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) below 0.02, high antenna efficiency of about 82–93.2% are achieved. The calculated ergodic channel capacity of the 16 × 16 MIMO system reached up to 85 bps/Hz. The proposed antenna array was compared to some other 5G MIMO indoor base station antennas.

A breast cancer hyperthermia system has been developed for the targeted of increasing hyperthermia therapy efficiency after lumpectomy surgery with the assistance of fat grafting technique. Enhancing the efficiency of hyperthermia treatment will decrease the required radiation doses after surgery. A fat grafting technique is applied around the tumor region that is located into glandular tissue for the purpose of enhancing wave penetration through glandular tissue. The proposed hyperthermia system employs a single horn antenna operating at 2.45 GHz. Here, a modified hyperthermia system was tested on a hemisphere phantom of two different densities with various tumor sizes at depth 2.8 cm from skin layer. Transmission and reflection coefficients of applied electromagnetic waves at the air‐phantom interface were calculated analytically. Based on these computations, an external dielectric matched layer was added on the skin layer of breast to decrease reflection that would occur at the skin layer because of the difference in permittivity values. The experiments were conducted on a 3‐D phantom that has the realistic dielectric properties using the available laboratory capability. Measured and simulated results confirmed the system ability to increase the diseased region temperature using fat grafting technique with a dielectric matched layer without increasing the system input power.

Microwave breast cancer detection has become an attractive method for cancer early detection process. These systems uses directional and efficient antenna for transmitting and receiving signals. This paper is focused on the implementation of ultra-wideband, high gain, and directional microstrip antenna array for breast cancer detection system. Metamaterial cells are used for antenna gain enhancement purpose. Permeability and permittivity of metamaterial unit cell are obtained all over the operating bandwidth. Based on the metamaterial cell performance its geometry is altered to enhance the antenna gain at specific frequency band. Ultra wide band (UWB) unequal power divider is used to feed the proposed four elements antenna array based on Chebyshev excitation method. The proposed antenna has reasonable 3 dB beamwidth (3dBBW) and gain of 17.7 degrees and 14.5 dB at 4.12 GHz, respectively. The operating bandwidth (BW) which extends from 5.6 GHz to 10.9 GHz. The proposed antenna is fabricated, measured, and good agreement is obtained between simulated and measured results. Simulated specific absorption rate SAR is obtained and investigated for breast phantom where a small tumor is placed. The SAR results show clearly the tumor location in breast tissues which ensures the suitability of the proposed antenna array for cancer detection system.