Heteroatom-doped graphene exhibits high energy storage performance when used as an active electrode, and which can been applied to various advanced applications, but challenging in synthesis, e.g., hazardous chemical reagents usage, difficult processing steps, and energy consumption. We demonstrated a ready, rapid and normal method for generating phosphorus-doped graphene (LIPG) using a CO₂ laser on polyimide (PI) substrate mixed with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) in ambient air. LIPG was approved and successfully synthesized via TEM, SEM, XRD and Raman observations. Moreover, we discussed the flame-retardant performance of APP for synthesizing LIPG on PI substrates, increasing the degree of graphitization. Furthermore, LIPG prepared using supercapacitors as an electrode showed good electrochemical performance. Remarkably, the highest specific capacitance of porous LIPG is about 206 F g⁻¹ at the current density of 0.025 A g⁻¹, the value is about 2 times higher than those undoped laser induced graphene (LIG). Such great performance of the LIPG electrode material is attributed to the formation of a hierarchical porous structure, phosphorus atom doping, and manufacturing deficiency. Hence, LIPG showed considerable potential in the electrochemical application field. The proposed preparation of LIPG is best suited for synthesis and applicable to the doping of other heteroatoms doped into graphene.

Developing superior properties of epoxy resin composites with high fire resistance, light smoke, and low toxicity has been the focus of the research in the flame-retardant field. In particular, it is essential to decrease the emissions of toxic gases and smoke particles generated during the thermal decomposition of epoxy resin (EP) to satisfy the industrial requirements for environmental protection and safety. Consequently, the PZS@ZIF-67 composite was designed and synthesized by employing the hydroxyl group-containing polyphosphazene (poly(cyclotriphosphazene-co-4,4′-dihydroxydiphenylsulfone), PZS) as both the interfacial compatibility and an in situ template and the ZIF-67 nanocrystal as a nanoscale coating and flame-retardant cooperative. ZIF-67 nanocrystal with multidimensional nanostructures was uniformly wrapped on the surface of PZS microspheres. Subsequently, the acquired PZS@ZIF-67 composite was incorporated into the epoxy resin to prepare composite samples for the study of their fire safety, toxicity suppression, and mechanical performance. Herein, the EP/5% PZS@ZIF-67 passed the V-0 rating in a UL-94 test with a 31.9% limit oxygen index value. More precisely, it is endowed with a decline of 51.08%, 28.26%, and 37.87% of the peak heat release rate, the total heat release, and the total smoke production, respectively. In addition, the unique structure of PZS@ZIF-67 microsphere presented a slight impact on the mechanical properties of EP composites at low loading. The PZS@ZIF-67 possible flame-retardant mechanism was speculated based on the analysis of the condensed phase and the gas phase of EP composites.