Background/Objectives: The treatment of ovarian cancer (OC), which is predominantly diagnosed in advanced stages, poses a significant challenge to modern gynecologic oncology practice. A significant proportion of patients exhibit chemoresistance, underscoring the need for novel therapeutic interventions. This challenge is further compounded by the immunogenic nature of this neoplasm, prompting the exploration of alternative therapies. A notable example is the use of trastuzumab-deruxtecan (T-DXd), an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), that has demonstrated encouraging outcomes in preliminary studies and has the potential to become a new treatment option. This systematic review aims to prove that. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) structure was employed to systematically search the PubMed and Scopus databases from December 2024. Furthermore, authors employed materials from the FDA’s official website and registry of clinical trials that are currently recruiting participants for T-DXd’s studies. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials and observational studies assessing T-DXd in patients with OC. Outcomes of interest were objective response rate (ORR), median overall survival, adverse effects, and progression-free survival. Data was synthesized narratively. Results: Following a thorough review of available literature, 30 scientific papers were selected for inclusion. A total of 598 patients participated in clinical trials. The most common adverse effects were blurred vision and nausea, generally manageable. The risk of bias was low in most studies. Conclusions: T-DXd shows promising efficacy. A comparison of T-DXd with the ADC currently approved for OC therapy reveals that both demonstrate similar median overall survival and ORRs. However, the drug has exhibited significant adverse effects in breast cancer trials and has been studied on a relatively small number of patients. Therefore, further clinical trials focusing on OC patients are necessary to better assess the safety and efficacy of T-DXd in this population.

Background: Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a significant clinical problem, especially in locally advanced and metastatic stages, where the prognosis remains poor despite advances in immunotherapy. Enfortumab vedotin (EV), an antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) targeting Nectin-4, extends beyond direct cytotoxicity by actively modulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) in preclinical models, creating a strong rationale for combination strategies. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy, safety, and hypothesized immune-modulating potential of EV in the treatment of UC, particularly in combination with immunotherapy. Materials and Methods: The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. PubMed, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched to identify interventional clinical studies published between 2020 and 2026. Studies evaluating EV used as monotherapy or in combination with immunotherapy in adult patients with UC were analyzed. ORR, PFS, OS, and the incidence of treatment-related adverse events were evaluated. Individual publications originating from the same clinical trial programs were treated as linked records and analyzed collectively. Results: The analysis was primarily based on key clinical trial programs, including EV-103, EV-301, and EV-302, along with their subgroup analyses, follow-up reports, and patient-reported outcomes. EV demonstrated significant clinical efficacy in the treatment of locally advanced UC (laUC). In the EV-301 study, EV therapy significantly prolonged overall survival compared to chemotherapy (12.88 vs. 8.97 months). In the EV-302 study, EV combination therapy with pembrolizumab showed a significant improvement in progression-free survival and overall survival compared to platinum-based chemotherapy. Conclusions: EV represents a significant therapeutic advance not only as a cytotoxic agent but as a potent immune modulator with clinical efficacy that may be enhanced by its biologically hypothesized immunomodulatory mechanisms in mUC. Its clinical development reflects a critical shift from later-line monotherapy toward earlier-line combination strategies designed to target both tumor cells and the microenvironment. Further studies are needed to better define its role in the context of alternative treatment approaches and across different stages of disease.

In 2020, approximately 287,000 mothers died during pregnancy or childbirth, with one of the leading causes of maternal mortality being peripartum hemorrhage. It can be treated both pharmacologically and procedurally, for example, through uterine artery ligation, embolization, or hysterectomy. In case of procedural treatment, it is essential for the medical team to familiarize themselves with the anatomical structure of the patient's uterine arteries. Various variations in the course of this vessel are distinguished, such as the uterine artery branching as a bifurcation with the inferior gluteal artery, a common trunk of the uterine artery with another vessel, or even its duplication. Using radiological techniques such as angiography, it is possible to visualize vessels and their variations, which can allow for better patient care. Unfamiliarity with the departure and trajectory of the uterine artery may be associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications, especially after hysterectomy, where the uterine arteries close at the level of the uterus or at the beginning of their departure from the internal iliac artery. Ligating them in other place may result in ischemia of an area that should be continuously supplied with blood. Also, during surgery, special attention should be paid to possible anatomical variations of the patient's uterine artery, which, although rare, can cause intraoperative complications. A thorough analysis of the departure and trajectory of the uterine artery by physicians can prevent postoperative complications and also allow for the safe conduct of embolization procedures. The following article presents a literature review on the departure and course of the uterine artery and its variations, as well as procedural interventions related to this vessel.

The classification of endometrial cancer based on histological examination often fails to accurately predict treatment outcomes for patients. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) has proposed a new molecular model that more accurately identifies the tumour subtype, enabling more precise treatment. However, its implementation in daily practice remains a challenge. This systematic review assesses the key role of targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) in refining the TCGA model and resolving these diagnostic ambiguities. A systematic review was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases, focusing on studies published mainly between 2019 and 2025. Original studies and clinical guidelines concerning the evaluation of targeted NGS panels, surrogate markers, and the clinical significance of molecular subtypes in endometrial cancer were analysed. Based on the PRISMA guidelines, 11 relevant studies were used in the review. NGS is of key importance, particularly for the detection of POLE gene mutations that cannot be identified using traditional immunohistochemistry. The studies confirm that NGS accurately classifies tumours that exhibit more than one molecular feature. Although sequencing requires more time and resources, it provides a more objective and reproducible diagnostic model. Furthermore, NGS panels currently allow patients to be divided into four prognostic groups with a 100% survival rate in the POLE subtype. Across independently reported cohorts, concordance between NGS and IHC for MMR/p53 status ranged from roughly 65% to 98% depending on the platform and gene target, and NGS-based germline testing identified Lynch syndrome in 9–10% of patients screened; targeted panels also detected homologous-recombination-repair alterations (e.g., BRCA1/2, ATM, CHEK2) relevant to PARP-inhibitor eligibility. NGS combined with immunohistochemistry enables the most accurate diagnosis of patients with endometrial cancer. This combined approach reduces diagnostic errors and also provides the basis for decisions regarding personalised treatment. The introduction of targeted sequencing as a standard clinical tool allows for greater precision in tumour classification and improves the quality of patient care.

Background : Vulvar cancer is a rare type of cancer that accounts for 1% of all cancers in women and about 3-8% of all gynecological cancers in the world. Although resection of the lesion is the first choice for treatment, reconstructive methods of the vulva have been increasingly used recently. Flaps are most commonly used for this purpose. However, it is important to remember that the reconstruction must be adjusted to the patient's needs, taking into account the geometry of the wound, as well as potential secondary complications.Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to present the different methods of plastic surgery for vulvar cancer, which included V-Y, VRAM, ALT, DIEP and lotus flaps. The following article focuses on describing the above methods, presenting their advantages and disadvantages, in which cases they can be used, and potential complications.Material and methods: The literature review was conducted in the PubMed database. The inclusion criteria used in the review included compliance with topic, publication date after 2015 and English language. Articles of low credibility, duplicated, not in English language and with abstracts unrelated to the topic were excluded. Results: Of the articles found, 32 studies were eventually to be reviewed. The research shows that the choice of reconstruction method can be difficult, while there is no single correct approach in vulvar cancer cases.Conclusions: In summary, the interdisciplinary collaboration between the gynecologist oncologist, the surgeon and the radiotherapist, plays a key role in the treatment process.

Ovarian cancer is a major cause of gynecological cancer mortality, frequently associated with platinum-resistant recurrences. Given the limited efficacy of conventional chemotherapy in this setting, alternative targeted therapeutics are needed. Mirvetuximab soravtansine (MIRV) is an antibody–drug conjugate designed to deliver the cytotoxic maytansinoid DM4 to folate receptor alpha (FRα)-overexpressing cells. This systematic review of PubMed, ClinicalKey, and SpringerLink databases (2019–2026) evaluates five publications across three clinical trials (one phase II, two phase III) encompassing 925 patients with platinum-resistant disease. Notably, the phase III MIRASOL trial demonstrated improved survival outcomes with MIRV over standard chemotherapy, extending median overall survival (16.46 vs. 12.75 months; HR 0.67) and progression-free survival (5.62 vs. 3.98 months; HR 0.65), with an objective response rate (ORR) of 42.3% versus 15.9%. Furthermore, the single-arm phase II SORAYA trial reported an ORR of 32.4% in pretreated patients, including those with prior PARP inhibitor and bevacizumab exposure. Although the preceding FORWARD I trial missed its primary endpoint in the unselected population, its high-FRα subgroup analysis revealed a clinical benefit that influenced subsequent biomarker-driven enrollment strategies. From a safety perspective, MIRV exhibited lower rates of severe neutropenia and anemia than chemotherapy, with toxicities primarily consisting of manageable, reversible ocular events. Ultimately, MIRV serves as a therapeutic option for platinum-resistant, FRα-positive ovarian cancer, offering survival advantages; however, rigorous biomarker-based screening remains necessary to optimize therapeutic outcomes.