Derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione exhibit a variety of biological activities, including antimicrobial (e.g., compounds 31d–k, 32d, 36f), antitumor (e.g., 71, 77a–c, 82g, 94h), anti-inflammatory, analgesic (100a, 102, 105), antidiabetic, and antioxidant (104, 138) activity. These compounds can be efficiently synthesized by classical methods (e.g., cyclization of thiosemicarbazides) and/or modern “green” approaches, which allow for obtaining target compounds in high yields (up to 96%). The presence of electron-donating groups (e.g., -OH, -OCH₃) enhances antimicrobial and antitumor activity. Substituents in the aromatic ring (e.g., NO₂, Cl) affect the ability to bind to biological targets such as DNA or enzymes. 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones can also be used as fungicides and herbicides (e.g., 131), demonstrating high efficiency against phytopathogens. Thus, 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione derivatives are multifunctional compounds with high potential for the development of new drugs and agrochemicals. Their further study and modification can lead to the creation of more effective and safer drugs.

Derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione exhibit a variety of biological activities, includ-ing: antimicrobial (e.g., compounds 31d-k, 32d, 36f), antitumor (e.g., 71, 77a-c, 82g, 94h), anti-inflammatory, analgesic (100a, 102, 105), antidiabetic and antioxidant (104, 138) activity. These compounds can be efficiently synthesized by classical methods (e.g., cyclization of thiosemicarbazides) and/or modern "green" approaches, which al-low obtaining target compounds in high yields (up to 96%). The presence of elec-tron-donating groups (e.g., -OH, -OCH₃) enhances antimicrobial and antitumor activi-ty. Substituents in the aromatic ring (e.g. NO₂, Cl) affect the ability to bind to biological targets such as DNA or enzymes. 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones can also be used as fungicides and herbicides (e.g. 131), demonstrating high efficiency against phytopathogens. Thus, 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione derivatives are multifunctional compounds with high potential for the development of new drugs and agrochemicals. Their further study and modifi-cation can lead to the creation of more effective and safer drugs.

The article discusses use of the insect cell cultures for biotechnological purposes. Optimal conditions for the cultiva-tion of Spodoptera exigua and Lymantria dispar cell lines were selected.

We investigated the protein extract of silkworm larvae. For the first time, an extract containing proteins from silkworm larvae, obtained by fractional precipitation using ammonium sulfate, was studied. As a result of experiment is established, that solutions of ammonium sulfate with a concentration from 20% to 65% are optimal for the sedimentation of protein molecules with a mass in the range of 25 and 45 kDa. Optimal results of the study proposed to use in the process of purification of recombinant proteins.

The article discusses use of the insect cell cultures for biotechnological purposes. Optimal conditions for the cultiva-tion of Spodoptera exigua and Lymantria dispar cell lines were selected.

The article discusses use of the insect cell cultures for biotechnological purposes. Optimal conditions for the cultiva-tion of Spodoptera exigua and Lymantria dispar cell lines were selected.