Transdermal hydrogel films were fabricated from gellan gum, chitosan, and agar–agar, employing glutaraldehyde as a covalent crosslinker. The obtained formulation exhibited structural stability, pH-sensitive swelling, and high biocompatibility without the participation of metal ions. FTIR spectra showed the emergence of a characteristic imine (C=N) vibration near 1630 cm⁻¹, confirming covalent network formation through Schiff-base reactions. SEM imaging revealed a homogeneous porous architecture (45–120 μm) that enhances moisture absorption and molecular diffusion. The swelling ratio reached 410 ± 12% at pH 9.18 and 275 ± 9% at pH 4.01, evidencing pronounced pH responsiveness. Mechanical strength measured 0.82 ± 0.03 MPa with elongation of 42 ± 2%, ensuring flexibility for skin application. The temperature-controlled release of methylene blue achieved 78 ± 4% at 40 °C after 24 h, consistent with diffusion-limited transport. This gellan–chitosan–agar hydrogel network crosslinked with glutaraldehyde represents a stable, pH-responsive, and biocompatible platform suitable for wound care and transdermal drug delivery.

This article presents an attempt to develop a transdermal patch based on biodegradable polysaccharides and to investigate its physicochemical properties. Natural polymers, including gellan gum, chitosan, and agar-agar, were chemically cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. Methylene blue was employed as a model drug compound. The resulting polymer-based hydrogel patches for topical application were fabricated in a spherical form, demonstrating both stability and elasticity. The study examined the properties of transdermal patches, their structural components, key characteristics, and evaluation methods essential for their formulation, development, and potential clinical performance. Scanning electron microscopy and UV spectrophotometry were used to characterize the patches. Additionally, the polymer composites were assessed through sol–gel analysis, swelling behavior, and in vitro drug release at pH 4.01 and 9.18.

In recent years, the interest of researchers in the herbal preparation has grown significantly. Plants are sources of biologically active substances (BAS). In previous articles, the chemical composition and biologically active substances of plants endemic Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin growing in Kazakhstan has been studied. Among the BAS of plant origin, inulin and flavonoids occupy a special place. The article examines the release of inulin and flavonoid from the stem of Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin plants. In order to isolate a flavonoid, you first need to extract inulin. Due to the fact that in our plants, inulin accumulates up to 40%. Therefore, the first stage was to isolate inulin: with extractions 1:10 with distilled water for 60 minutes, and in the second stage, the further isolation of the residue was first dried, the dry residue was 1:10 with a ratio of 70% ethanol for 3 hours. The inulin yield was -5%, the melting point was 1300C. A The yield of flavanoid is 0.66%, the melting point is 1700 C, the aggregate state is acicular light brown light. The structure of the isolated flavonoid was determined on a Uviline 9100 spectro-photometer; the highest absorption was observed at a wavelength of 364 nm. Consequently, the structure of the isolated flavonoid coincides with the literature data. The maxima of the UV, IR, 13С -NMR. spectrum show that flavonol is a derivative.