Background/Objectives: Lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (LA-HLH) is a fatal hyperinflammatory syndrome. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is the established primary trigger, while Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is considered a rare cause. This exploratory study aimed to characterize the features of LA-HLH in a predominantly Hispanic patient population to generate novel pathophysiological hypotheses. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, multicenter analysis of adult patients diagnosed with HLH between 2000 and 2024. Using HLH-2004 criteria, we identified a final cohort of 20 patients with LA-HLH for analysis. Results: In our cohort (70% Hispanic, reflecting the catchment populations of the partic-ipating centers), the most common underlying malignancy was HL (60%), contradicting established literature. Stratification by HIV status suggested two distinct profiles: the HIV-negative group (n=13) was younger and driven almost exclusively by HL (85%), whereas the HIV-positive group (n=7) was older, driven by NHL (86%), and presented with more extreme hyperferritinemia and higher soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels. The overall mortality rate was 57.9%. Conclusions: The unexpected predominance of HL-driven HLH in this cohort suggests a need to re-evaluate the differential diagnosis in specific demographic contexts. Our findings are hypothesis-generating and suggest differing clinicopathological patterns by HIV status and lymphoma subtype; further studies are required to determine whether distinct biological pathways underlie these patterns. Given the retrospective nature and limited sample size, further multicenter studies with uniform laboratory testing and molecular profiling are required to clarify potential biological heterogeneity among LA-HLH presentations.

Objectives: Many patients with cancer receive chemotherapy alongside glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) to manage type 2 diabetes or obesity. However, both GLP-1 RA and platinum-based chemotherapies can cause upper gastrointestinal (GI) adverse effects (AE) such as nausea and vomiting. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of GLP-1 RA use in patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy, focusing on GI AE incidence, risk factors, and treatment outcomes. Methods: This single-center study retrospectively reviewed patients who were treated with a platinum-based therapy and concurrent GLP-1 RA and developed symptoms of upper GI AE. Results: The study included 200 patients. Upper GI adverse events occurred in 126 patients. Compared with patients without GI AE, patients with GI AE received fewer doses of platinum therapy (median: 2.5 vs. 5, P <0.0001) and had higher all-cause mortality (40.5% vs. 25.7%, P =0.034), shorter follow-up (median: 1.5 vs. 2.7 y, P <0.0001), and a higher rate of hypothyroidism (35.1% vs. 20.6%, P =0.025). GI AEs were treated with 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in 123 (99.2%) patients and corticosteroids in 5 (4.0%). GI AE symptoms lasted a median of 42.5 days; 92.7% achieved clinical remission of GI AE. Twenty-one (16.7%) patients required hospitalization for GI AE, of whom 4 required rehospitalization. Platinum analogs were discontinued in 72 (57.1%) patients and resumed in 57 (79.2%). GLP-1 RA was discontinued in 11 (8.7%) patients. Conclusions: Most patients receiving GLP-1 RA and platinum-based chemotherapy developed mild GI AE that responded to conservative management.