Understanding the combined effects of water and dynamic disturbance on rock behavior is essential for deep underground engineering, where groundwater and blasting often coexist. Existing studies have mainly emphasized static weakening by water or the strength characteristics under impact, while the energy evolution process remains insufficiently addressed. To fill this gap, uniaxial impact compression tests were conducted on dry and water-saturated skarn specimens using a separated Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar system. The relationship between peak stress and impact pressure was analyzed, and the total input energy, releasable elastic strain energy, and dissipated energy were quantified to examine their evolution with strain. The results indicate that water saturation significantly reduces dynamic strength and modifies the damage process. During the compaction and elastic stages, dissipated energy is low but slightly higher in water-saturated specimens due to microcrack initiation. In the plastic stage, dry specimens exhibit faster energy dissipation, while water-saturated specimens show reduced capacity for crack propagation dissipation. Damage–strain curves follow an S-shaped pattern, with water-saturated specimens presenting higher damage growth rates in the plastic stage. These findings clarify the energy-based damage mechanisms of skarn under impact loading and provide theoretical support for evaluating stability in water-rich underground environments.

The kinetics of leaching zinc from hemimorphite was investigated. The factors that influence hemimorphite leaching were also evaluated, and a kinetic model was built. In addition, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) was used to investigate the changes of surface morphology before and after leaching. By decreasing particle size and increasing temperature, 5-sulfosalicylic acid concentration, and stirring speed, the leaching rate of hemimorphite can be enhanced. The shrinkage nucleus model describes the surface chemistry of leaching. The activation energy of hemimorphite by 5-sulfosalicylic acid in the leaching process was determined as 55.244 kJ/mol. The reaction rate based on the shrinkage nucleus model can be expressed by the semi-empirical formula:${1-\left(1-\mathit{x}\right)}^{1/3 }=[{\mathit{k}}_0{\left(\mathit{C}\right)}^{0.3385}({{\mathit{r}}_0)}^{-0.6083}({\mathit{SS})}^{0.4992}\mathit{exp}(-55.244/\mathit{RT}\left)\right]\mathit{t}$. At the condition of 50 °C of leaching temperature, 0.175 mol/L of 5-sulfosalicylic acid concentration, 82.5 μm of particle size and 650 rpm of stirring speed, the high leaching rates of zinc were obtained. After the reaction time of 15 min, the leaching rate of zinc reached more than 95%. According to the SEM-EDS results, the hemimorphite and leaching residue are distributed in blocks, but the particle size of the leaching residue is smaller, and the atomic concentrations of Zn and Si in the leaching residue are significantly lower than those in the hemimorphite, so the leaching effect is remarkable. Therefore, 5-sulfosalicylic acid solution would be an excellent leaching agent for zinc extraction from hemimorphite.