Arbovirus infections remain a major challenge for health policies in large cities in tropical regions, where outbreaks and epidemics of these diseases are frequent. However, many policies still operate in a fragmented manner, without considering the interdependence between climate, urbanization, and health, making it difficult to control and prevent these diseases. This study aimed to identify the urban environmental and socioeconomic conditions related to cases of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika in the city of Salvador, Brazil. Data were analyzed using bivariate maps and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The results demonstrated that vulnerability to these diseases transcends socioeconomic factors and covers urban infrastructure and environmental conditions. The most recurrent disease was dengue, with 75% infections, and was strongly associated with higher percentages of green cover and better sanitation indexes, but with lower socio-environmental quality indexes. Chikungunya and Zika followed a different pattern. The results of this research are expected to contribute to improving strategies for controlling arbovirus outbreaks in tropical regions, as well as strengthening the resilience of these regions to the challenges imposed by climate change.

Mangrove forests are biodiverse and highly productive coastal ecosystems, fundamental to fisheries and tourism. However, they are severely threatened by human activities and invasive species, particularly in port areas such as the Port of Santos, necessitating effective environmental management. This study aimed to analyze the risks of biological invasion in mangrove ecosystems stemming from port activities, with a focus on the Port of Santos (PS), Brazil. To achieve this, we conducted a bibliometric review using the Web of Science and Scopus databases, analyzed vessel traffic flows arriving at the PS over 14 years (from 2010 to 2024), and discussed alternatives to address the challenge of biological invasion. The review revealed a significant gap in the scientific literature, as few studies (9.9%, n = 71) address the intersection of maritime transport, invasive species, and mangroves in Latin American contexts. The intense and constant flow of international vessels into the Port of Santos, totaling 15,193 arrivals from more than 200 ports worldwide between 2010 and 2024, poses a persistent threat of biological invasion. This high-volume connectivity, with several foreign hubs exceeding 300 departures in the period, reinforces the role of ships as vectors transporting exotic species in ballast water and through hull fouling. This can destabilize local ecosystems and cause significant socioeconomic losses unless control measures, mediated by effective policies, regulations, and technologies, are implemented in the short term. A spatiotemporal analysis of vessel traffic flows over a 14-year period revealed persistent high-risk corridors for bioinvasion, directly linking maritime activity patterns to the threat level for adjacent mangrove ecosystems. The data indicate a substantial challenge for the PS, yet one with a high potential for resolution in the medium term, contingent upon investment in technology and regulation.

O presente estudo investiga a climatologia de 10 anos (2013-2022) das concentrações de poluentes atmosféricos na Região Metropolitana do Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte (RMVP). Utilizando dados de satélites e reanálises, foram analisados os padrões sazonais de monóxido de carbono (CO), dióxido de enxofre (SO2), material particulado fino (MP2.5), carbono orgânico (OC), carbono negro (BC) e profundidade óptica de aerossóis (AOD). Os resultados indicam que a poluição na RMVP apresenta padrões sazonais distintos, sendo influenciada por fatores como queimadas, emissões industriais e transporte de poluentes. O CO e MP2.5 exibem picos nos meses de agosto a setembro, associados às queimadas, enquanto o SO2 apresenta maiores concentrações entre maio e agosto, devido a emissões industriais e veiculares. O produto de maior resolução do AGAC para MP2.5 revela uma intensificação da pluma de MP2.5 na região durante a estação seca, destacando a importância de dados de alta resolução para monitoramento da qualidade do ar. A redução das emissões e o aprimoramento dos sistemas de monitoramento da qualidade do ar são essenciais para mitigar os impactos da poluição atmosférica na saúde pública. Sugere-se a inclusão de NO2 e FRP em futuras análises para uma compreensão mais completa da dinâmica dos poluentes na região.