Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection is widespread worldwide and causes significant economic losses in the livestock industry. In this study, to identify the genotypes and to investigate the molecular characterization of BLV strains, we analyzed 25 BLV strains from cattle housed in six herds located in several Turkish geographical regions. Phylogenetic analysis, based on a partial or full-length sequence of the env gp51 gene of BLVs, showed that all Turkish BLVs belonged to genotype 1. The alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences demonstrated fourteen amino acid substitutions in different regions of the env gp51. This study updates our knowledge of BLV in Turkey. Further studies are needed to understand the molecular epidemiology and implement a comprehensive BLV control program in Turkey.

Members of the Anelloviridae family are increasingly being recognized for their role in veterinary and public health, with domestic cats identified as potential carriers of anelloviruses and gyroviruses. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and genetic characteristics of these viruses in diarrheic cats from Sivas, Türkiye. A total of 91 fecal samples were analysed, initially for feline panleukopenia virus using conventional PCR, followed by screening with our Anelloviridae panel. The results revealed that 19 (20.9%) samples were positive for TTFeV1, 32 (35.2%) for CAV, 67 (73.6%) for Avian gyrovirus 2, four (4.4%) for Gyrovirus 3, and three (3.3%) for Gyrovirus 4. Statistical analyses revealed frequent co-infections among parvoviruses, anelloviruses, and gyroviruses, with a significant association between Gyrovirus chickenanemia (CAV) and Gyrovirus galga1 (AvGyV2). Notably, Gyrovirus 4 (Gyrovirus homsa3) was identified in feline stool for the first time. Phylogenetic and genomic analyses, based on partial TATA box-ORF2 sequences for anelloviruses and VP1 sequences for gyroviruses, provided further insights into viral diversity. These findings expand current knowledge of anellovirus and gyrovirus circulation in feline populations, underscoring the importance of continued surveillance for feline and public health.

Various microbial agents have been found in the feces of both humans and animals, especially in newborns. While some of these agents are recognized as causing diarrhea, the role of others, specifically bopiviruses of the family Picornaviridae, in diarrhea remains uncertain. In this study, we conducted an analysis of 214 fecal samples from cattle (n = 114), sheep (n = 82), and goats (n = 18) with diarrhea, collected from farms across 17 different provinces in Türkiye. All samples were tested using RT-PCR targeting the 3D^(RdRp) region of bopiviruses, and two samples from sheep (2.4%) tested positive. The 7303 nt-long complete coding sequence of Bopivirus/Sheep/KS-1M/2024/TUR and partial 3D^(RdRp), VP3, and 2A-2C sequences of Bopivirus/Sheep/ANK-K30/2017/TUR were determined by additional RT-PCR, 3′RACE-PCR reactions and Sanger sequencing. Both strains show close sequence and phylogenetic relationship to members of species “Bopivirus B” of genus Bopivirus. Bopivirus/Sheep/KS-1M/2024/TUR is most closely related to a sheep Bopivirus B strain (sheep/14-73/2018/ITA) from Italy, but the phylogenetic separation, the low sequence identities and high p-distance values in VP1 to existing genotypes of “B1” and “B2” suggest that both strains could belong to novel genotypes (“B3” and “B4”) in species “Bopivirus B”, although additional closely related sequences are necessary for proper typing.

Bovine adenoviruslar (BAdV), birçok viral etkenle birlikte sığırlarda solunum sistemi hastalığına neden olan patojenlerden biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Ülkemizde BAdV prevalansı, yapılan serolojik çalışmalarla tespit edilmiş olmasına rağmen, solunum sistemi örneklerinde BAdV'nin saptanmasına ilişkin veriler sınırlıdır ve moleküler karakterizasyonları ile ilgili herhangi bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada Mastadenovirus genusunda bulunan BAdV’ların tespiti ve moleküler karakterizasyonu amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, solunum sistemi hastalığı semptomları olan farklı yaştaki 65 sığırdan alınan toplam 64 burun sürüntüsü ve bir akciğer örneği kullanıldı. Viral DNA'nın ekstraksiyonunu takiben, örnekler hekzon gen bölgesini hedefleyen primerler kullanılarak PCR ile test edildi ve beklenen büyüklükteki amplikonların dizin bilgisi elde edildi. PCR sonucunda üç örnek pozitif bulunmuş ve pozitiflik oranı %4,6 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Dizin bilgileri elde edilebilen iki örnekten birinin BAdV-2 serotipinde, diğerinin ise BAdV-3 serotipinde yer aldığı saptanmıştır. Bu çalışmada BAdV'lerin ülkemizde solunum sistemi enfeksiyonuna katkıda bulunan ajanlar olduğu ortaya koyulmuştur. Ayrıca bu, Türkiye'de solunum sistemi enfeksiyonu olan buzağılarda BAdV-2 ve BAdV-3'ün moleküler karakterizasyonunu bildiren ilk çalışmadır.