Modern ports are pivotal to global trade, facing increasing pressures from operational demands, resource optimization complexities, and urgent decarbonization needs. This study highlights the critical importance of digital model adoption within the maritime industry, particularly in the port sector, while integrating sustainability principles. Despite a growing body of research on digital models, industrial simulation, and green transition, a specific gap persists regarding the intersection of port management, hydrogen energy integration, and Digital Twin (DT) applications. Specifically, a bibliometric analysis provides an overview of the current research landscape through a study of the most used keywords, while the document analysis highlights three primary areas of advancement: optimization of hydrogen storage and integrated energy systems, hydrogen use in propulsion and auxiliary engines, and DT for management and validation in maritime operations. The main outcome of this research work is that while significant individual advancements have been made across critical domains such as optimizing hydrogen systems, enhancing engine performance, and developing robust DT applications for smart ports, a major challenge persists due to the limited simultaneous and integrated exploration of them. This gap notably limits the realization of their full combined benefits for green ports. By mapping current research and proposing interdisciplinary directions, this work contributes to the scientific debate on future port development, underscoring the need for integrated approaches that simultaneously address technological, environmental, and operational dimensions.

Being competitive in today’s global business environment requires an even higher productivity, quality, flexibility and service levels in the perspective of the new era of industrial systems based on an augmented knowledge. As a result, many companies have focused their attention on better management of their asset and equipment. In this perspective, some factories have turned to Lean Management guidelines, while others, have tried to become “smart”, following the principles of Industry 4.0 paradigm. Although a positive correlation has been established between them, the integration of lean practices and Industry 4.0 remains an open question that needs to be further explored and analyzed. The paper will give a contribute to the topic, investigating this relation within asset management perspective. In particular, a 4.0 solution will be used to evaluate if and to what extent Industry 4.0 is able to implement the lean principles of Poka- Yoke. The developed tool will prove its effectiveness in solving problems related to the maintenance record management of a firm.

Human Digital Twins (HDTs) extend traditional Digital Twin (DT) concepts by modeling both humans and hospital processes to support smarter and more human-centered healthcare. By integrating Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies with the human-centric principles of Industry 5.0 (I5.0), HDTs offer new opportunities to improve hospital operations. This study presents a PRISMA-based systematic literature review to examine the role of HDTs in hospital operations. A total of 329 papers were identified through the initial search, and after the screening process, 22 studies were included for in-depth analysis. The review combines bibliometric analysis to examine publication trends, leading authors, contributing countries, and keyword co-occurrence with a content analysis to identify the main research themes. Three major themes emerged: (1) HDT architectures and data integration, (2) human-centric and governance aspects, including explainable artificial intelligence and privacy, and (3) operational and clinical outcomes, including patient flow, resource utilization, and staff support. Based on these findings, the study proposes a four-layer HDT framework for practical implementation in hospital operations. Although the reviewed studies indicate that HDTs have considerable potential to improve operational efficiency and strengthen human involvement, most existing research remains conceptual or simulation-based. Future research should therefore prioritize real-world implementation and validation while incorporating ethical, explainable, and sustainable design principles.