The effectiveness of transit-oriented development (TOD) in achieving emission reductions and energy savings is highly influenced by policy frameworks, the accessibility of sustainable transport systems, and the degree of land use integration. This study investigated the implementation of TOD in Dukuh Atas along the Sudirman–Thamrin corridor in Jakarta to assess its role in promoting energy efficiency and lowering emissions. The analysis incorporated carbon emission calculations, annualized traffic volumes, and emissions data, alongside land use metrics such as the floor area ratio (FAR), job-to-housing ratio, and point-of-interest (POI) density. The findings indicate that while TOD implementation in the corridor is still evolving, there were positive outcomes in several key areas. Energy efficiency measures have been partially realized through the operation of electric buses in the bus rapid transit (BRT) system, electrified rail modes, such as commuter lines, mass rapid transit (MRT), and light rail transit (LRT), and improved pedestrian infrastructure, as reflected in a favorable Pedestrian Environmental Quality Index (PEQI). Public transport ridership has significantly increased, contributing to a measurable reduction in emissions from private vehicle use. The land use analysis showed that medium- to high-density housing dominated (78.94% FAR), with a job-to-housing ratio of approximately 1:2. This study also found that the emission estimates were moderately sensitive to changes in both emission factors (EFs) and vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT). Overall, the results suggest that TOD can effectively contribute to energy savings and emission reductions by enhancing public transport usage and reducing dependence on motorcycles. Moreover, the efficacy of modal shifting in the Global South is significantly influenced by population mobility characteristics, which are intricately linked to socio-cultural factors, alongside government initiatives to improve the quality of mass public transportation systems (e.g., integration, availability, service coverage, affordable fares, and inclusive design).

For Jakarta’s sustainable mobility transition, TOD (Transit-Oriented Development) success depends on seamless First-and-Last-Mile (FLM) connectivity. Specifically, high-quality walkability is essential to connect transit hubs to destinations and drive public transport adoption. This study investigates pedestrian behavior and infrastructure within Jakarta, Indonesia's Dukuh Atas TOD area, employing a quantitative descriptive approach. Data was collected through a survey of 400 respondents using accidental random sampling, observational studies, and the Pedestrian Environment Quality Index (PEQI). Analysis of commuter travel patterns reveals a predominance of work-related trips, reflecting its central business district function and high public transport usage. Health emerged as the dominant motivation for walking, outweighing cost factors, thereby underscoring the role of FLM connectivity in active commuting. Assessment of FLM connectivity highlights the importance of integrated transport solutions. Walkability near transit hubs is generally positive but require improvements in specific areas. Positive perceptions of pedestrian infrastructure—such as sidewalks, lighting, and vegetation—indicate opportunities for enhancement. These findings position Dukuh Atas as a model for effective TOD planning, highlighting the potential for infrastructure upgrades to promote walking and public transport use, contributing to more pedestrian-friendly and sustainable urban development.