This in vitro study aimed to compare the microleakage and marginal integrity of methacrylate/ormocer-based bulk-fill composite (BFC) restorations used in cervical marginal relocation with two different layering thicknesses in mesio-occlusal-distal (MOD) cavities exposed to thermo-mechanical loading. Standard MOD cavities were prepared in 60 mandibular molars and assigned into three groups: x-tra fil/AF + x-tra base/XB, Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill/TNB + Tetric N-Flow Bulk Fill/TFB, and Admira Fusion x-tra/AFX + Admira Fusion x-base/AFB. Each group was further divided into two subgroups (2 mm and 4 mm) based on the thickness of flowable BFCs (n = 10). The specimens were subjected to thermo-mechanical loading (240,000 cycles) and immersed in 0.2% methylene blue. Following mesiodistal sectioning, the specimens were examined under stereomicroscope (×25) and scored (0–3) for microleakage. Marginal integrity was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Descriptive statistical methods and the chi-square test were used to evaluate the data (p < 0.05). While there was no statistically significant difference in gingival cement microleakage in the XB and AFB specimens with a 4 mm thickness, microleakage was significantly increased in the TFB specimen (p = 0.604, 0.481, 0.018 respectively). A significantly higher amount of score 0 coronal microleakage was detected in the AFX2 mm + AFB4 mm compared to the TNB2 mm + TFB4 mm (p = 0.039). The SEM examination demonstrated better marginal integrity in groups with 2 mm thick flowable BFCs. Ormocer and methacrylate-based materials can be used in marginal relocation with thin layers.

Comprehensive curricular modifications in dental education are essential to address the healthcare needs of the growing geriatric population. In this context, incorporating attitudes of dental students towards this complex patient group into the design of educational programs is crucial for developing effective curricula. The aim of this study was to evaluate the attitudes of dental students towards elderly patients during their educational progress, which is a crucial period in the formation of dentists’ approaches to patients and treatment, and to consider the influence of demographic data in this process. In this cross-sectional study, a two-part questionnaire was administered to 3rd-, 4th-, and 5th-year students at Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry. The first part collected demographic data on age, gender, place of residence, presence of grandparents, and history of living with grandparents. The second part used the validated Ageism Scale for Dental Students (ASDS) with 5 items on a 6-point Likert scale. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for two- and multi-group comparisons, respectively, and the Spearman Correlation Test examined age-scale score relationships. A Type 1 error rate of 0.05 was applied. A total of 305 students participated, 204 (66.9%) of whom were female. The distribution across the 3rd, 4th, and 5th years was 35.1%, 32.1%, and 32.8%, respectively. The median ASDS score was 3.2. No significant differences in ASDS scores were found concerning age (p = 0.925), gender (p = 0.631), year of study (p = 0.581), place of residence (p = 0.282), presence of grandparents (p = 0.199), or history of living with grandparents (p = 0.859). Demographic factors did not significantly affect ASDS scores. Larger, translated, and validated studies in different regions of Türkiye are needed. However, the neutral attitudes observed among students suggest that the content of geriatrics in dentistry education should be strengthened in a way that promotes positive attitudes towards elderly patients.

Teknolojik gelişmeler, yaşam kalitesinin artması ve sağlık hizmetlerine erişimdeki kolaylıklar gibi pek çok faktör insan ömrünün uzamasını sağlamıştır. Yaşlı popülasyonda görülen artış bu grup için hayatın her alanında yapılacak düzenlemeleri kaçınılmaz hale getirmektedir. Ağız ve diş hastalıkları tüm yaş gruplarını etkilediği gibi yaşlı popülasyonu da ilgilendiren bir problem olarak karşımıza çıkmakta, gelişmekte olan geriatrik diş hekimliği ise bu popülasyon için ağız diş sağlığı ve bakımını teşvik etmeye odaklanmakla birlikte bedensel, zihinsel, ruhsal ve sosyal refah için gerekli olan ağız sağlığının korunmasına dikkat etmektedir. Yaşa rağmen ağızda kalmayı başarabilmiş diş dokularının tedavisi restoratif diş hekimliği açısından önem taşımaktadır. Diş çürükleri, fonksiyona veya alışkanlıklara bağlı ortaya çıkan diş aşınmaları ve renkleşmeler bu alanda karşımıza çıkan yaygın sorunlardır. Geriatrik hastalar için hekim koltuğunda hastayı yormayacak, var olan diş dokusunu koruyan, kanıta dayalı ve gerekiyorsa tıp doktorlarıyla iş birliği içeren tedavi seçenekleri restoratif diş tedavisi yaklaşımlarında önem arz etmektedir. Yaşlı bireylerde zamanla ortaya çıkan fizyolojik ve patolojik değişimlerin kompleks tedavilere ihtiyaç duyulacağı algısı oluşturması, diş hekimlerinin ve diş hekimliği öğrencilerinin bu gruba karşı çekingen davranmasına neden olmaktadır. Yaşlı popülasyonun genişlemesiyle restoratif diş hekimliği alanında ortaya çıkan temel tedavi prosedürü eksikliği ve bu alanda yetkin hisseden hekimlerin azlığı, özellikle eğitim aşamalarında bu meselenin daha dikkatli ele alınması gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Türkiye’de artan yaşlı nüfusa daha iyi tedaviler sunabilmek adına fakültelerin müfredatlarında geriatrik hastalara tedavi yaklaşımları konusuna daha fazla yer verilmesi kaçınılmazdır.

This study evaluated the repair bond strengths of ceramic and hybrid ceramic CAD/CAM restorations following bioactive‐glass, silica‐coated alumina, and aluminum oxide surface treatments. Shear bond strength (SBS) tests, surface roughness, and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) evaluations were performed on 180 specimens (7×12×2 mm³ and 5×5×3 mm³, respectively) of ceramic (IPS Empress) and hybrid ceramic (Cerasmart270) blocks. Samples were thermocycled (5°C–55°C, 5000 cycles) and silica‐coated alumina, Al₂O₃, or bioactive‐glass were used for surface conditioning. Resin composite was applied on substrate using two‐ (Tokuyama Universal) or one‐bottle (G‐Premio) universal adhesives, combined with the same brand universal shade composites (Omnichroma, Essentia Universal). SBS values were measured using a universal testing machine; failure types were analyzed using a stereomicroscope. Surface roughness was assessed with a profilometer, followed by SEM. Statistical analysis included ANOVA, Tukey HSD, and Fisher's Exact tests. The highest mean SBS values were observed for ceramics in conjunction with two‐bottle universal adhesives. No statistically significant differences were found in the SBS values for different surface conditioning treatments except for hybrid ceramic conditioned with Al₂O₃. Bioactive‐glass and silica‐coated alumina caused similar surface roughness as indicated by the SEM images. A surface conditioning method and an adhesive system are both essential for hybrid ceramic repairs, while the adhesive system was more critical for ceramics.

Purpose: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of material selection and chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) pretreatment on microleakage in Class V cavities restored with 3 different restorative materials. Materials and Methods: Thirty freshly extracted sound human molars were cleaned and stored in distilled water. Sixty standard Class V cavities were prepared on gingival 1/3 of buccal and lingual surfaces of each tooth. Teeth were randomly assigned into 3 groups corresponding to the selected restorative material (Fuji II LC Capsule/FC, GC; Beautifil Flow Plus/BF, Shofu; and GrandioSo Flow/GF, VOCO). Lingual cavities were pre-treated with CHX (Cavity Cleanser, Bisco). The cavities were restored according to manufacturer's instructions using the materials' own adhesive systems. Teeth were stored in distilled water (24°C) for 6 months for aging. Specimens were immersed in 2% methylene blue solution for 1 h and sectioned longitudinally in buccolingual direction. Occlusal/gingival margins were examined for dye penetration and scored under x8 and x20 magnification using stereomicroscope (Leica MZ7.5, Leica Microsystems). Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square test with a significance level of p0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the amount of microleakage of GF, FC and BF restorations in CHX-treated and untreated cavities (p>0.05). Conclusion: Application of CHX as cavity cleaner could not prevent dye penetration in Class V cavities restored with giomer, glass ionomer, and resin composites. Key Words: Chlorhexidine gluconate, composite resin, glass ionomer, microleakage.