Safeguarding environmental well-being has become a core agenda worldwide. In this regard, phasing out dependency on unclean fossil fuels and adopting cleaner energy alternatives is recognised as a prioritised energy policy reform. Therefore, this study investigates the dynamic impacts of renewable and nuclear energy uses on the ecological footprint figures of the G7 countries. The overall results reveal that enhancing renewable energy consumption and renewable electricity production are effective in reducing ecological footprints. However, simply increasing the nuclear energy consumption and electricity production levels are not enough to curb the ecological footprints. Rather, it is essential to scale the shares of nuclear energy in total final energy consumption and electricity output levels of the G7 nations. Thus, these key findings collectively portray the relevance of undergoing a clean energy transition in tackling environmental adversities in these developed countries. Moreover, the results verify the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis while international trade is evidenced to further reduce ecological footprints.

This study determines Oman’s most important macroeconomic factors between 1990 and 2019. The ARDL bound test findings for co-integration show that both long and short runs exist. The error-correcting mechanism further states that when the divergence from long-run equilibrium is rectified at an adaptation speed of 78.9%, it signals an inversion to a long-run stable state. In response to a change in the previous year’s economic growth, the final consumption expenditure indicates a rise of 0.472; the gross fixed capital formation and export indicate hikes of 0.149 and 0.358 at a 1% significance level. Additionally, the findings of co-integration regression using fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS), dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), and canonical co-integration regression (CCR) were used to strengthen and validate the results that export ranks first in Oman, followed by final consumption spending. Therefore, export, gross fixed capital formation, and final consumption expenditure are vital macroeconomic elements supporting Oman’s economic development.

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