The development of photocatalysts with a wide spectral response and effective carrier separation capability is essential for the green degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride. In this study, a magnetic recyclable Z-scheme ZnO/ZnFe₂O₄ heterojunction (ZZF) was successfully constructed via the solid phase method, using MIL-88A(Fe)@Zn as the precursor. An appropriate band gap width and Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism provide ZZF with excellent visible light absorption performance, efficient charge separation, and a strong redox ability. Under visible light irradiation, the degradation efficiency of tetracycline hydrochloride for the optimal sample can reach 86.3% within 75 min in deionized water and 92.9% within 60 min in tap water, exhibiting superior stability and reusability after five cycles. Moreover, the catalyst in the water can be conveniently recovered by magnetic force. After visible light irradiation for 70 min, the temperature of the reaction system increased by 21.9 °C. Its degradation constant (35.53 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹) increased to 5.1 times that at room temperature (6.95 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹). Using thermal energy enhances the kinetic driving force of the reactants and facilitates carrier migration, meaning that more charge is available for the production of •O₂⁻ and •OH. This study provides a potential candidate for the efficient degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride by combining thermal catalysis with a photocatalytic heterojunction.

Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) has been widely used in high-voltage cables due to its superior properties, but its thermoset cross-linked structure makes it difficult to recycle. Catalytic pyrolysis offers a feasible pathway for converting XLPE into high-value chemicals. In this study, a systematic study on the catalytic cracking of XLPE using metal ion-loaded ZSM-5 nanosheets was conducted, and ZSM-5 nanosheets loaded with Ag, Mo, Ni, and Ce were prepared via ion exchange. After metal loading, ZSM-5 retained the MFI framework structure, but the specific surface area and mesopore volume varied depending on the type of metal. Temperature-Programmed Desorption of Ammonia results indicated that metal–support interactions enhanced the acidity of ZSM-5. Among the catalysts, Ag-loaded ZSM-5 exhibited the highest efficiency: with 10 wt% Ag, at 380 °C, the conversion reached 94.1%, with 52.5% light olefins in the gas phase and 59.4% benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) in the liquid products. Further studies on different Ag loadings revealed that moderate Ag loading (5 wt%) provided the best overall balance, maintaining 92.3% conversion, 56.1% selectivity to light olefins, and 58.2% BTX in the liquid fraction. These findings demonstrate that tuning the metal loading effectively optimizes the acidity and pore structure of ZSM-5, thereby enabling controlled regulation of XLPE pyrolysis product distribution.

The development of photocatalysts with a wide spectral response and effective carrier separation capability is essential for the green degradation of tetracycline. In this work, a magnetic recyclable Z-scheme ZnO/ZnFe2O4 heterojunction (ZZF) was successfully constructed by the solid phase method using MIL-88A(Fe)@Zn as the precursor. Appropriate band gap width and Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism make ZZF have excellent visible light absorption performance, efficient charge separation and strong redox ability. Under visible light irradiation, the degradation efficiency of TCH for optimal sample ZZF2 can reach 86.3 % within 75 min in deionized water, and achieve 92.9 % within 60 min in tap water, which exhibits superior stability and reusability after five cycles. Moreover, the catalyst in the water can be conveniently recovered by magnetic force. After visible light irradiation for 70 minutes, the temperature of the reaction system increased by 21.9 °C. Its degradation constant (35.53×10-3 min-1) increases 5.1 times that at room temperature (6.95×10-3 min-1). Thermal energy perfects the kinetic driving force of the reactants and promotes carrier migration to produce more •O2- and •OH. This work provides a potential candidate and inspires the design of photocatalyst for tetracycline hydrochloride degradation.