Contemporary digital technologies have become key instruments in enhancing the security and sustainability of tourist destinations. This study explores the role of digital solutions such as smart surveillance systems, mobile applications, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things (IoT) in strengthening tourist safety and supporting long-term sustainable development. The theoretical framework is based on the Norm Activation Model (NAM), employing the constructs of Awareness of Consequences, Ascription of Responsibility, Personal Norms, and Behavioral Intention, expanded by the construct of Sustainability Outcomes. This research was conducted as a comparative case study of Almaty (Kazakhstan) and Belgrade (Serbia), using a structured questionnaire and quantitative analysis. The findings indicate that tourists’ perceptions of security, mediated by digital technologies, significantly shape their behavioural intentions and contribute to sustainable destination outcomes. The study provides theoretical implications for the advancement of the NAM in tourism, as well as practical guidelines for destination managers in developing a safe and sustainable environment.

Terrorism is a multidimensional social phenomenon threatening the vital values of modern society. The political dimension of terrorism makes it difficult to reach a consensus on the generally accepted definition of terrorism. Being a threat to society, terrorism is regarded as a highly serious criminal act within the group of political criminal acts, and it is recognized as such in most legislations worldwide. In order to make the detection and evidentiary proceedings pertaining to criminal acts of terrorism adequate and efficient, application of special evidence collecting procedures is essential. The most prominent among them is interception of communications. On the other hand, interception of communications interferes with the right to privacy. It is therefore necessary to properly regulate the procedure for the implementation of interception of communications for criminal offenses of terrorism. This paper gives the theoretical definition of the term terrorism, criminal acts of terrorism, and the importance of interception of communications in combatting terrorism.

This paper investigates the phenomenon of pro-environmental crime from both criminal law and criminological perspectives. The first part discusses the concept and basic characteristics of pro-environmental crime. In the second part, various criminal law institutions are examined in relation to pro-environmental crimes. The third part focuses on the etiological and phenomenological aspects of pro-environmental crime, including a large number of criminological and sociological theories that we tried to use to explain the crime concerned. Notably, we highlight the types of objects involved in the act of committing pro-environmental crimes, the way of prescribing such criminal offences, the legal classifications of such offences, the differentiation of pro-environmental offences based on their level of social danger, and the nature of their goals, techniques, and strategies. The paper also addresses the vigilant aspects of radical eco-activism, modern/cyber forms of pro-environmental crime, and the necessity of expanding green criminology to encompass pro-environmental crimes.

The international security dynamics of the twenty-first century are characterized by pronounced interdependence and the proliferation of threats that transcend the capacities of individual states. Under such conditions, collective security has become a significant mechanism for preserving the stability and predictability of the international order, while intelligence and security systems constitute its operational foundation. The aim of this paper is to analyse the institutional structure and functional characteristics of these systems within the framework of the three most significant models of collective security: the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the European Union (EU), and the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO). Particular attention is devoted to mechanisms of coordination, information exchange, and joint responses to contemporary challenges such as terrorism, hybrid threats, cyberattacks, and disinformation campaigns. The analysis demonstrates that the effectiveness of collective intelligence and security systems primarily depends on the degree of institutional integration, technical interoperability, and political trust among member states. It is concluded that their future development will depend on the ability of international organizations to reconcile national interests with common security objectives and to strengthen mechanisms of predictive and preventive security within the digital environment.

The process of alignment of the Serbian legislation with the legal standards of the European Union has led to implementation of a number of legal institutes from the comparative law into the criminal procedure law of our country. One such institute is the agreement on consensual ways of terminating criminal proceedings. The agreements of the parties in the criminal procedure draw considerable attention and cause disputes among scientific and professional circles both in continental and Anglo-Saxon legal system, since the primary objective of law and justice should be unbiased and impartial determination of factual truth so that no innocent person would be convicted and the appropriate criminal sanctions would be imposed upon the perpetrator of a criminal offence. This paper analyses the agreements between a public prosecutor and a defendant, which emerged through the reform processes of the Serbian criminal proceedings. In this respect, the first part of this paper lays out the agreement on admission of committing a criminal act (formerly pleading guilty), the second presents the agreement on the testimony of the defendant, and the third - the agreement on the testimony of the convicted person. Although the agreements refer to the same subject, the distinction has to be made between the agreement on the admission of a criminal act, which includes the penal agreement and the indictment, and on the other hand the other two types of agreements on the testimony of the defendant and the convicted person. These are process institutes. In the case of agreement on the admission of a criminal offense, they speed up criminal proceedings and make them more efficient. In the case of agreement on testimony, they facilitate argumentation on the part of a public prosecutor for the most serious crimes that are by definition difficult to prove or their proving is associated with huge difficulties. The bargaining means used is improving the position of the defendant whose cooperation is rewarded with a more lenient criminal sanction.

Purpose - This study investigates how perceived risk dimensions (physical, financial, psychological, social, and temporal) and trust in traditional media, social media, and official sources influence travel risk tolerance among domestic tourists in Serbia, Hungary, and Kazakhstan. It explores cross-national differences and the role of institutional and informational factors in tourist behavior under uncertainty. Methodology -A quantitative approach was applied with 1,332 respondents, using validated instruments and structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses ensured construct validity, while multigroup analysis (MGA) assessed structural differences across countries. Findings -General risk tolerance and trust in social media are key predictors in Serbia and Kazakhstan, whereas trust in traditional media and government sources dominates in Hungary. Psychological and physical risks notably affect tourists in Hungary and Kazakhstan, but less so in Serbia, reflecting cultural and institutional variations in risk management. Implications - The study extends tourism risk perception models by integrating trust dimensions and highlights the need for culturally tailored crisis communication. It offers practical guidance for destination managers and policymakers to design effective, source-specific communication strategies that align with national patterns of trust and resilience.