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Marco Baldi
Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy

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Journal article
Published: 10 July 2021 in Sustainability
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To date, energy recovery from biological sewage sludge (BSS) by anaerobic digestion has been very popular. However, it can often happen that anaerobic reactors are volumetrically undersized, thus reducing performance in terms of biogas production. A continuous-flow pilot-scale plant was used to investigate, for the first time, the effects of mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion (MACoD) of sewage sludge and aqueous residue (AR) from a biosolids treatment plant (BTP) on methanogenic activity under low hydraulic retention time (HRT) conditions (to simulate the undersizing of the reactor). The results showed that the digestate is always more rapidly biodegradable than the matrices fed, while particulate COD hydrolyzed (12 ± 1.3%) is independent of the quantity of AR dosed. Feeding over 35% of soluble OLR, the total VFAs in the system strongly decreased, despite the low HRT. In correspondence with higher dosages of AR, the percentage of CH4 increased up to 77–78% and the CO2 CH4−1 ratio decreased to 0.25 ± 0.2. Specific methane production increased from 0.09 ± 0.01 m3CH4 kgCODremoved−1 with BSS alone to 0.28 ± 0.01 m3CH4CH4 kgCODremoved−1 in the case of BSS co-digested with AR. Moreover, co-digestion with AR from a BTP allowed continuous specific methanogenic activity to be enhanced from 1.76 ± 0.02 m3CH4 tVSS−1 d−1 to 6.48 ± 0.88 m3CH4 tVSS−1 d−1. Therefore, the MACoD of BSS and AR from a BTP could be a good solution to enhance methanogenic activity in a volumetrically undersized anaerobic digester with reduced HRT.

ACS Style

Vincenzo Torretta; Athanasia Tolkou; Ioannis Katsoyiannis; Francesca Caccamo; Marco Miino; Marco Baldi; Maria Collivignarelli. Enhancement of Methanogenic Activity in Volumetrically Undersized Reactor by Mesophilic Co-Digestion of Sewage Sludge and Aqueous Residue. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7728 .

AMA Style

Vincenzo Torretta, Athanasia Tolkou, Ioannis Katsoyiannis, Francesca Caccamo, Marco Miino, Marco Baldi, Maria Collivignarelli. Enhancement of Methanogenic Activity in Volumetrically Undersized Reactor by Mesophilic Co-Digestion of Sewage Sludge and Aqueous Residue. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):7728.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vincenzo Torretta; Athanasia Tolkou; Ioannis Katsoyiannis; Francesca Caccamo; Marco Miino; Marco Baldi; Maria Collivignarelli. 2021. "Enhancement of Methanogenic Activity in Volumetrically Undersized Reactor by Mesophilic Co-Digestion of Sewage Sludge and Aqueous Residue." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 7728.

Journal article
Published: 25 June 2021 in Water
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To date, the management of high-strength wastewater represents a serious problem. This work aims to evaluate the performance on chemical pollutants and on sludge production of one of the two full-scale thermophilic membrane bioreactors (ThMBRs) currently operational in Italy, based on monitoring data of the last two and a half years. Removal yields on COD, N-NOx, non-ionic and anionic surfactants (TAS and MBAS), increased with the input load up to 81.9%, 97.6%, 94.7%, and 98.4%, respectively. In the period of stability, a very low value of sludge production (0.052 kgVS kgCOD−1) was observed. Oxygen uptake rate (OUR) tests allowed us to exclude the possibility that mesophilic biomass generally exhibited any acute inhibition following contact with the aqueous residues (ARs), except for substrates that presented high concentrations of perfluoro alkyl substances (PFAS), cyanides and chlorides. In one case, nitrifying activity was partially inhibited by high chlorides and PFAS concentration, while in another the substrate determined a positive effect, stimulating the phenomenon of nitrification. Nitrogen uptake rate (NUR) tests highlighted the feasibility of reusing the organic carbon contained in the substrate as a source in denitrification, obtaining a value comparable with that obtained using the reference solution with methanol. Therefore, respirometric tests proved to be a valid tool to assess the acute effect of AR of ThMBR on the activity of mesophilic biomass in the case of recirculation.

ACS Style

Maria Collivignarelli; Marco Carnevale Miino; Francesca Caccamo; Marco Baldi; Alessandro Abbà. Performance of Full-Scale Thermophilic Membrane Bioreactor and Assessment of the Effect of the Aqueous Residue on Mesophilic Biological Activity. Water 2021, 13, 1754 .

AMA Style

Maria Collivignarelli, Marco Carnevale Miino, Francesca Caccamo, Marco Baldi, Alessandro Abbà. Performance of Full-Scale Thermophilic Membrane Bioreactor and Assessment of the Effect of the Aqueous Residue on Mesophilic Biological Activity. Water. 2021; 13 (13):1754.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Collivignarelli; Marco Carnevale Miino; Francesca Caccamo; Marco Baldi; Alessandro Abbà. 2021. "Performance of Full-Scale Thermophilic Membrane Bioreactor and Assessment of the Effect of the Aqueous Residue on Mesophilic Biological Activity." Water 13, no. 13: 1754.

Journal article
Published: 16 April 2021 in Water
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Phosphorus depletion represents a significant problem. Ash of incinerated biological sewage sludge (BSS) contains P, but the presence of heavy metals (e.g., Fe and Al) is the main issue. Based on chemical characterization by SEM-EDS, ED-XRF and ICP-OES techniques, the characteristics and P content of bottom ash (BA) and fly ash (FA) of incinerated BSS were very similar. On BA, P extraction carried out in counter- current with an S:L ratio of 1:10 and H2SO4 0.5 M led to better extraction yields than those of a similar test with H2SO4 1 M and an S:L ratio of 1:5 (93% vs. 86%). Comparing yields with H2SO4 0.5 M (S:L ratio of 1:10), the counter-current method gave better results than those of the crossflow method (93% vs. 83.9%), also improving the performance obtained with HCl in crossflow (93% vs. 89.3%). The results suggest that the purification of the acid extract from heavy metals with pH variation was impractical due to metal precipitation as phosphates. Extraction with H2SO4 and subsequent treatment with isoamyl alcohol represented the best option to extract and purify P, leading to 81% extraction yields of P with low amounts of metals.

ACS Style

Marco Baldi; Andrea Martinotti; Sabrina Sorlini; Ioannis Katsoyiannis; Alessandro Abbà; Marco Carnevale Miino; Maria Collivignarelli. Extraction and Purification of Phosphorus from the Ashes of Incinerated Biological Sewage Sludge. Water 2021, 13, 1102 .

AMA Style

Marco Baldi, Andrea Martinotti, Sabrina Sorlini, Ioannis Katsoyiannis, Alessandro Abbà, Marco Carnevale Miino, Maria Collivignarelli. Extraction and Purification of Phosphorus from the Ashes of Incinerated Biological Sewage Sludge. Water. 2021; 13 (8):1102.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Baldi; Andrea Martinotti; Sabrina Sorlini; Ioannis Katsoyiannis; Alessandro Abbà; Marco Carnevale Miino; Maria Collivignarelli. 2021. "Extraction and Purification of Phosphorus from the Ashes of Incinerated Biological Sewage Sludge." Water 13, no. 8: 1102.

Journal article
Published: 25 December 2020 in Process Safety and Environmental Protection
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Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) can have harmful effects on human health and can act as a precursor for the formation of other air pollutants in urban environment such as secondary PM2.5 and ozone. The lockdown measures for CoViD-19 allowed to simulate on a large scale the massive and prolonged reduction of road traffic (the main source for NO2 in urban environment). This work aims to selectively assess the maximum impact that total traffic blocking measures can have on NO2. For this reason, three megacities (London, Milan and Paris) were chosen which had similar characteristics in terms of climatic conditions, population, policies of urban traffic management and lockdown measures. 52 air quality control units have been used to compare data measured in lockdown and in the same periods of previous years, highlighting a significant decrease in NO2 concentration due to traffic (London: 71.1 % - 80.8 %; Milan: 8.6 % - 42.4 %; Paris: 65.7 % - 79.8 %). In 2020 the contribution of traffic in London, Milan and Paris dropped to 3.3 ± 1.3 μg m−3, 6.1 ± 0.8 μg m−3, and 13.4 ± 1.5 μg m−3, respectively. Despite the significant reduction in the NO2 concentration, in UT stations average NO2 concentrations higher than 40 μg m−3 were registered for several days. In order to reduce the pollution, the limitation of road traffic could be not enough, but a vision also aimed at rethink the vehicles and their polluting effects should be developed.

ACS Style

Maria Cristina Collivignarelli; Claudio De Rose; Alessandro Abbà; Marco Baldi; Giorgio Bertanza; Roberta Pedrazzani; Sabrina Sorlini; Marco Carnevale Miino. Analysis of lockdown for CoViD-19 impact on NO2 in London, Milan and Paris: What lesson can be learnt? Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2020, 146, 952 -960.

AMA Style

Maria Cristina Collivignarelli, Claudio De Rose, Alessandro Abbà, Marco Baldi, Giorgio Bertanza, Roberta Pedrazzani, Sabrina Sorlini, Marco Carnevale Miino. Analysis of lockdown for CoViD-19 impact on NO2 in London, Milan and Paris: What lesson can be learnt? Process Safety and Environmental Protection. 2020; 146 ():952-960.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Cristina Collivignarelli; Claudio De Rose; Alessandro Abbà; Marco Baldi; Giorgio Bertanza; Roberta Pedrazzani; Sabrina Sorlini; Marco Carnevale Miino. 2020. "Analysis of lockdown for CoViD-19 impact on NO2 in London, Milan and Paris: What lesson can be learnt?" Process Safety and Environmental Protection 146, no. : 952-960.

Other
Published: 12 June 2020
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Northern Italian regions have been the most affected from CoViD-19 compared to other Italian areas and are also the zones where air pollutants concentration has been higher than in the rest of Italy. The aim of the research is analysing possible correlations between air pollutants PM10 and PM2.5 and the rapidity of the spread of the infection caused by CoViD-19 in Northern Italy. PM10 and PM2.5 data for all the 41 studied cities were collected from the local environmental protection agencies. In order to compare air quality data with epidemiological data (Td), a statistical analysis was conducted identifying the correlation matrices of Pearson and Spearman, considering the possible incubation period of the disease. The results exclude a strong direct correlation between PM in the air and the diffusion rate of CoViD-19. Further developments are necessary for a better comprehension of the influence of atmospheric pollution parameters on the rapidity of spread of the virus SARS-CoV-2, since a synergistic action with other factors, such as meteorological factors, could not be excluded.

ACS Style

Maria Cristina Collivignarelli; Alessandro Abbà; Francesca Maria Caccamo; Giorgio Bertanza; Roberta Pedrazzani; Marco Baldi; Paola Ricciardi; Marco Carnevale Miino. CoViD-19 outbreak in Northern Italy: Did particulate matter really play a key role? 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Maria Cristina Collivignarelli, Alessandro Abbà, Francesca Maria Caccamo, Giorgio Bertanza, Roberta Pedrazzani, Marco Baldi, Paola Ricciardi, Marco Carnevale Miino. CoViD-19 outbreak in Northern Italy: Did particulate matter really play a key role? . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Cristina Collivignarelli; Alessandro Abbà; Francesca Maria Caccamo; Giorgio Bertanza; Roberta Pedrazzani; Marco Baldi; Paola Ricciardi; Marco Carnevale Miino. 2020. "CoViD-19 outbreak in Northern Italy: Did particulate matter really play a key role?" , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 29 August 2018 in Sustainability
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The proper recovery of resources such as nitrogen and phosphorus present in the manure from intensive livestock farming is essential in order to allow environmental sustainable zootechny especially in densely populated areas where these activities are historically prevalent. The experiences at full-scale established that the ammonia stripping allows recovery from 35% to 50% of nitrogen depending on the type of substrate treated with anaerobic digestion and on the nitrogen content/form in the digestate. This study focuses on the ammonia stripping on digestate derived from anaerobic digestion of livestock manure and corn silage. Two different full-scale plants are studied including a packed column and an air bubble reactor without filling material with the aim to reduce fouling issues due to the content of suspended solids in digestate. The main results suggest that the use of an air bubble reactor could treat digestate with high concentration of suspended solids. A deeper study based on a two-level factorial experiment highlights that the temperature is an important parameter that influences the ammonia removal yields. Thus, a proper management of available thermal energy is very important.

ACS Style

Marco Baldi; Maria Cristina Collivignarelli; Alessandro Abbà; Ilaria Benigna. The Valorization of Ammonia in Manure Digestate by Means of Alternative Stripping Reactors. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3073 .

AMA Style

Marco Baldi, Maria Cristina Collivignarelli, Alessandro Abbà, Ilaria Benigna. The Valorization of Ammonia in Manure Digestate by Means of Alternative Stripping Reactors. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (9):3073.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Baldi; Maria Cristina Collivignarelli; Alessandro Abbà; Ilaria Benigna. 2018. "The Valorization of Ammonia in Manure Digestate by Means of Alternative Stripping Reactors." Sustainability 10, no. 9: 3073.