• Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is still considered incurable. • SARS-CoV2 has the ability to induce injury and death of infected cells and tissues. • The main effect of SARS-CoV2 is attributed to hyperactivation of T cells. • Cross-reactivity of virus-specific T cells with tumour antigens can lead to regression of tumours.

The demand for Janus Kinase-2 (JAK2) testing has been disproportionate to the low yield of positive results, which highlights the need for more discerning test strategies. The aim of this study is to introduce an artificial intelligence application as a more rational approach for testing JAK2 mutations in cases of erythrocytosis. Test results were sourced from samples sent to a tertiary hospital’s genetic laboratory between 2017 and 2023, meeting 2016 World Health Organization criteria for JAK2V617F mutation testing. The JAK2 Somatic Mutation Screening Kit was used for genetic testing. Machine learning models were trained and tested using Python programming language. Out of 458 cases, JAK2V617F mutation was identified in 13.3%. There were significant differences in complete blood count parameters between mutation carriers and non-carriers. Various models were trained with data, with the random forest (RF) model demonstrating superior precision, recall, F1-score, accuracy, and area under the receiver operating characteristic, all reaching 100%. Gradient boosting (GB) model also showed high scores. When compared with existing algorithms, the RF and GB models displayed superior performance. The RF and GB models outperformed other methods in accurately identifying and classifying erythrocytosis cases, offering potential reductions in unnecessary testing and costs.

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clinically heterogeneous disorders characterized by peripheral blood cytopenias, poor differentiation, clonal hematopoiesis, and increased risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia (AML). While somatic mutations do not currently feature in prognostic scoring systems, they may impact the clinical phenotype. In recent years, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled the opportunity to identify an increasing number of genetic abnormalities, including recurrent modifications in the TP53, DNMT3A, NRAS, NPM1, RUNX1, and FLT3 genes. Bone marrow aspirate samples of 56 patients with MDS were investigated for mutations using NGS. We compared the relationship between gene mutation status and laboratory characteristics, such as certain cytopenias, the revised international prognostic scoring system, MDS subtypes, karyotypes, AML development, and overall survival. Twenty-one genes were found to have gene mutations, including ASXL1, TET2, SRSF2, EZH2, CSF3R, NRAS, ETV6, SETBP1, RUNX1, DDX41, U2AF1, JAK2, FLT3ITD, SF3B1, DNAMT3A, PHF6, TP53, CEBPA, CBL, IDH2, and GATA2. At least one point mutation occurred in 64.2% of all patients, including 58.3% of those with normal cytogenetics. Thrombocytopenia (P = .016), anemia (P = .018), decreased overall survival (P = .017), and increased AML transformation (P = .023) have been revealed to be linked to non-SF3B1 mutations. MDS are frequently associated with somatic point mutations. According to early findings, NGS panels are extremely effective instruments that provide an entirely new viewpoint on the disease for particular individuals. Future prognostications will depend more on NGS because those who exhibit normal cytogenetics may additionally have gene mutations.

Introduction. COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increased rate of intensive care unit (ICU) stays. Intermediate care units (IMCUs) are a useful resource for the management of patients with severe COVID-19 that do not require ICU admission. In this research, we aimed to determine survival outcomes and parameters predicting mortality in patients who have been admitted to IMCU. Materials and Methods. Patients who were admitted to IMCU between April 2019 and January 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. Sociodemographics, clinical characteristics, and blood parameters on admission were compared between the patients who died in IMCU and the others. Blood parameters at discharge were compared between survived and deceased individuals. Survival analysis was performed via Kaplan–Meier analysis. Blood parameters predicting mortality were determined by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results. A total of 140 patients were included within the scope of this study. The median age was 72.5 years, and 77 (55%) of them were male and 63 (45%) of them were female. A total of 37 (26.4%) patients deceased in IMCU, and 40 patients (28.5%) were transferred to ICU. Higher platelet count (HR 3.454; 95% CI 1.383–8.625; ), procalcitonin levels (HR 3.083; 95% CI 1.158–8.206; ), and lower oxygen saturation (HR 4.121; 95% CI 2.018–8.414; ) were associated with an increased risk of mortality in IMCU. At discharge from IMCU, higher procalcitonin levels (HR 2.809; 95% CI 1.216–6.487; ), lower platelet count (HR 2.269; 95% CI 1.012–5.085; ), and noninvasive mechanic ventilation requirement (HR 2.363; 95% CI 1.201–4.651; ) were associated with an increased risk of mortality. Median OS was found as 41 days. The overall survival rate was found 40% while the IMCU survival rate was 73.6%. Conclusions. IMCU seems to have a positive effect on survival in patients with severe COVID-19 infection. Close monitoring of these parameters and early intervention may improve survival rates and outcomes.

Cite this article as: Turan İ, Özsan N, Doğanavşargil B, Arslan Davulcu E, Bülbül H. The first report of colonic involvement of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. Turk J Gastroenterol 2020; 5: 413-4.

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