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Methane (CH4) from ruminal feed degradation is a major pollutant from ruminant livestock, which calls for mitigation strategies. The purpose of the present 4 × 2 factorial arrangement was to investigate the dose–response relationships between four doses of the CH4 inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) and potential synergistic effects with low (LC) or high (HC) concentrate feed proportions (CFP) on CH4 reduction as both mitigation approaches differ in their mode of action (direct 3-NOP vs. indirect CFP effects). Diet substrates and 3-NOP were incubated in a rumen simulation technique to measure the concentration and production of volatile fatty acids (VFA), fermentation gases as well as substrate disappearance. Negative side effects on fermentation regarding total VFA and gas production as well as nutrient degradability were observed for neither CFP nor 3-NOP. CH4 production decreased from 10% up to 97% in a dose-dependent manner with increasing 3-NOP inclusion rate (dose: p< 0.001) but irrespective of CFP (CFP × dose: p = 0.094). Hydrogen gas accumulated correspondingly with increased 3-NOP dose (dose: p< 0.001). In vitro pH (p = 0.019) and redox potential (p = 0.066) varied by CFP, whereas the latter fluctuated with 3-NOP dose (p = 0.01). Acetate and iso-butyrate (mol %) decreased with 3-NOP dose, whereas iso-valerate increased (dose: p< 0.001). Propionate and valerate varied inconsistently due to 3-NOP supplementation. The feed additive 3-NOP was proven to be a dose-dependent yet effective CH4 inhibitor under conditions in vitro. The observed lack of additivity of increased CFP on the CH4 inhibition potential of 3-NOP needs to be verified in future research testing further diet types both in vitro and in vivo.
Matthias Schilde; Dirk von Soosten; Liane Hüther; Susanne Kersten; Ulrich Meyer; Annette Zeyner; Sven Dänicke. Dose–Response Effects of 3-Nitrooxypropanol Combined with Low- and High-Concentrate Feed Proportions in the Dairy Cow Ration on Fermentation Parameters in a Rumen Simulation Technique. Animals 2021, 11, 1784 .
AMA StyleMatthias Schilde, Dirk von Soosten, Liane Hüther, Susanne Kersten, Ulrich Meyer, Annette Zeyner, Sven Dänicke. Dose–Response Effects of 3-Nitrooxypropanol Combined with Low- and High-Concentrate Feed Proportions in the Dairy Cow Ration on Fermentation Parameters in a Rumen Simulation Technique. Animals. 2021; 11 (6):1784.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatthias Schilde; Dirk von Soosten; Liane Hüther; Susanne Kersten; Ulrich Meyer; Annette Zeyner; Sven Dänicke. 2021. "Dose–Response Effects of 3-Nitrooxypropanol Combined with Low- and High-Concentrate Feed Proportions in the Dairy Cow Ration on Fermentation Parameters in a Rumen Simulation Technique." Animals 11, no. 6: 1784.
The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of varying dietary energy supply as well as the impacts of subclinical ketosis (SCK) on blood chemistry and liver health. A total 63 German-Holstein cows were housed from three weeks antepartum until sixteen weeks postpartum. After calving, cows were assigned to one of four treatment groups receiving either moderate or high energy concentrations in roughage and secondly moderate or high amounts of concentrates. Retrospectively, cows were additionally grouped according to their β-hydroxybutyrate concentration (SK: cows with SCK vs. CON: cows without SCK). The different energy supply of treatment groups had little effects on blood and liver variables; greater differences occurred between SK and CON cows. Liver fat content of SK cows was 34% higher compared to CON cows. Also, the activity of aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl transferase, bilirubin concentration, and percentage of granulocytes were increased in SK cows. The results indicate that cows were able to adjust their metabolism to different dietary energy supplies without having a clearly increased risks for metabolic disorders. However, individual animals of all groups developed a metabolic derailment during the postpartum period resulting in SCK, which is closely connected with impaired liver function, compromised immune-responsiveness, and elevated oxidative stress.
Rolf Schmitz; Karina Schnabel; Jana Frahm; Dirk Von Soosten; Ulrich Meyer; Liane Hüther; Hubert Spiekers; Jürgen Rehage; Helga Sauerwein; Sven Dänicke. Effects of Energy Supply from Roughage and Concentrates and the Occurrence of Subclinical Ketosis on Blood Chemistry and Liver Health in Lactating Dairy Cows during Early Lactation. Dairy 2021, 2, 25 -39.
AMA StyleRolf Schmitz, Karina Schnabel, Jana Frahm, Dirk Von Soosten, Ulrich Meyer, Liane Hüther, Hubert Spiekers, Jürgen Rehage, Helga Sauerwein, Sven Dänicke. Effects of Energy Supply from Roughage and Concentrates and the Occurrence of Subclinical Ketosis on Blood Chemistry and Liver Health in Lactating Dairy Cows during Early Lactation. Dairy. 2021; 2 (1):25-39.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRolf Schmitz; Karina Schnabel; Jana Frahm; Dirk Von Soosten; Ulrich Meyer; Liane Hüther; Hubert Spiekers; Jürgen Rehage; Helga Sauerwein; Sven Dänicke. 2021. "Effects of Energy Supply from Roughage and Concentrates and the Occurrence of Subclinical Ketosis on Blood Chemistry and Liver Health in Lactating Dairy Cows during Early Lactation." Dairy 2, no. 1: 25-39.
L-carnitine plays an important role in energy metabolism through supporting the transport of activated fatty acids to the subcellular site of β-oxidation. An acute phase reaction (APR) is known as an energy consuming process. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are often used in animal models to study intervention measures during innate immune responses such as APR. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of dietary l-carnitine supplementation during an LPS-induced APR in mid-lactating German Holstein cows. Animals were assigned to a control (CON, n = 26) or l-carnitine group (CAR, n = 27, 25 g rumen-protected l-carnitine/cow/d) and received an intravenous injection of LPS (0.5 μg/kg body weight) at day 111 post-partum. Blood samples were collected from day 1 pre-injection until day 14 post-injection (pi). From 0.5 h pi until 72 h pi blood samplings and clinical examinations were performed in short intervals. Clinical signs of the APR were not altered in group CAR except rumen motility which increased at a lower level compared to the CON group after a period of atonia. Group CAR maintained a higher insulin level compared to group CON even up to 72 h pi which might support glucose utilization following an APR.
Jennifer Meyer; Susanne Ursula Kononov; Sandra Grindler; Johanna Tröscher-Mußotter; Mohamad Taher Alaedin; Jana Frahm; Liane Hüther; Jeannette Kluess; Susanne Kersten; Dirk Von Soosten; Ulrich Meyer; Erika Most; Klaus Eder; Helga Sauerwein; Jana Seifert; Korinna Huber; Anja Wegerich; Jürgen Rehage; Sven Dänicke. Dietary l-carnitine Supplementation Modifies the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Phase Reaction in Dairy Cows. Animals 2021, 11, 136 .
AMA StyleJennifer Meyer, Susanne Ursula Kononov, Sandra Grindler, Johanna Tröscher-Mußotter, Mohamad Taher Alaedin, Jana Frahm, Liane Hüther, Jeannette Kluess, Susanne Kersten, Dirk Von Soosten, Ulrich Meyer, Erika Most, Klaus Eder, Helga Sauerwein, Jana Seifert, Korinna Huber, Anja Wegerich, Jürgen Rehage, Sven Dänicke. Dietary l-carnitine Supplementation Modifies the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Phase Reaction in Dairy Cows. Animals. 2021; 11 (1):136.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJennifer Meyer; Susanne Ursula Kononov; Sandra Grindler; Johanna Tröscher-Mußotter; Mohamad Taher Alaedin; Jana Frahm; Liane Hüther; Jeannette Kluess; Susanne Kersten; Dirk Von Soosten; Ulrich Meyer; Erika Most; Klaus Eder; Helga Sauerwein; Jana Seifert; Korinna Huber; Anja Wegerich; Jürgen Rehage; Sven Dänicke. 2021. "Dietary l-carnitine Supplementation Modifies the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Phase Reaction in Dairy Cows." Animals 11, no. 1: 136.
During late gestation and early lactation, many proliferative processes and metabolic adaptions are involved in homeorhesis. An adjusted supply of oxygen is a precondition for an optimized cellular energy metabolism whereby erythrocytes play a central role. Endogenous L-carnitine modulates the mitochondrial fatty acid utilization for generating adenosine triphosphate (ATP). As it might be insufficient around calving due to increased need, L-carnitine supplementation is frequently recommended. Thus, the present study addressed the interplay between the red hemogram, platelets, oxidative stress indices, and L-carnitine supplementation of dairy cows around calving. German Holstein cows were assigned to a control (n = 30) and an L-carnitine group (n = 29, 25 g of rumen-protected L-carnitine per cow and per day), and blood samples were taken from day 42 ante partum (ap) until day 110 postpartum (pp), with a higher sampling frequency during the first three days pp. The time courses of the erythrogram parameters reflected the physiological adaptations to the oxygen need without being influenced by L-carnitine supplementation. Erythrocytic antioxidative enzymatic defence paralleled the relative development of polycythemia ap, while non-enzymatic total plasma antioxidative capacity continuously increased pp. In contrast to erythrocytes, the platelet counts of the L-carnitine supplemented cows varied at significantly higher levels. This can be interpreted as a result of a membrane-stabilizing effect of L-carnitine.
Susanne Ursula Kononov; Jennifer Meyer; Jana Frahm; Susanne Kersten; Jeannette Kluess; Ulrich Meyer; Korinna Huber; Sven Dänicke. Effects of Dietary L-Carnitine Supplementation on Platelets and Erythrogram of Dairy Cows with Special Emphasis on Parturition. Dairy 2020, 2, 1 -13.
AMA StyleSusanne Ursula Kononov, Jennifer Meyer, Jana Frahm, Susanne Kersten, Jeannette Kluess, Ulrich Meyer, Korinna Huber, Sven Dänicke. Effects of Dietary L-Carnitine Supplementation on Platelets and Erythrogram of Dairy Cows with Special Emphasis on Parturition. Dairy. 2020; 2 (1):1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSusanne Ursula Kononov; Jennifer Meyer; Jana Frahm; Susanne Kersten; Jeannette Kluess; Ulrich Meyer; Korinna Huber; Sven Dänicke. 2020. "Effects of Dietary L-Carnitine Supplementation on Platelets and Erythrogram of Dairy Cows with Special Emphasis on Parturition." Dairy 2, no. 1: 1-13.
Seaweeds contain a myriad of nutrients and bioactives including proteins, carbohydrates and to a lesser extent lipids as well as small molecules including peptides, saponins, alkaloids and pigments. The bioactive bromoform found in the red seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis has been identified as an agent that can reduce enteric CH4 production from livestock significantly. However, sustainable supply of this seaweed is a problem and there are some concerns over its sustainable production and potential negative environmental impacts on the ozone layer and the health impacts of bromoform. This review collates information on seaweeds and seaweed bioactives and the documented impact on CH4 emissions in vitro and in vivo as well as associated environmental, economic and health impacts.
D. Wade Abbott; Inga Marie Aasen; Karen A. Beauchemin; Fredrik Grondahl; Robert Gruninger; Maria Hayes; Sharon Huws; David A. Kenny; Sophie J. Krizsan; Stuart F. Kirwan; Vibeke Lind; Ulrich Meyer; Mohammad Ramin; Katerina Theodoridou; Dirk Von Soosten; Pamela J. Walsh; Sinéad Waters; Xiaohui Xing. Seaweed and Seaweed Bioactives for Mitigation of Enteric Methane: Challenges and Opportunities. Animals 2020, 10, 2432 .
AMA StyleD. Wade Abbott, Inga Marie Aasen, Karen A. Beauchemin, Fredrik Grondahl, Robert Gruninger, Maria Hayes, Sharon Huws, David A. Kenny, Sophie J. Krizsan, Stuart F. Kirwan, Vibeke Lind, Ulrich Meyer, Mohammad Ramin, Katerina Theodoridou, Dirk Von Soosten, Pamela J. Walsh, Sinéad Waters, Xiaohui Xing. Seaweed and Seaweed Bioactives for Mitigation of Enteric Methane: Challenges and Opportunities. Animals. 2020; 10 (12):2432.
Chicago/Turabian StyleD. Wade Abbott; Inga Marie Aasen; Karen A. Beauchemin; Fredrik Grondahl; Robert Gruninger; Maria Hayes; Sharon Huws; David A. Kenny; Sophie J. Krizsan; Stuart F. Kirwan; Vibeke Lind; Ulrich Meyer; Mohammad Ramin; Katerina Theodoridou; Dirk Von Soosten; Pamela J. Walsh; Sinéad Waters; Xiaohui Xing. 2020. "Seaweed and Seaweed Bioactives for Mitigation of Enteric Methane: Challenges and Opportunities." Animals 10, no. 12: 2432.
The present study aimed at evaluating the influences of different concentrate feed proportions in the ration offered to dairy cows post partum with different body condition scores (BCS) before calving. Therefore, 60 pluriparous cows were divided 42 days before expected calving into two groups with a higher or an adequate BCS. After calving, both groups were further subdivided into a group fed a ration with either a low concentrate feed proportion (C, 35% at dry matter basis) or a high (60% at dry matter basis) one. It was hypothesized that different BCS would lead to different reactions concerning varying concentrate feed proportions. Isolated BCS effects were detected in the white blood profile only before calving. Neither low nor high concentrate feed proportions affected hematological, blood immune cell phenotypes and inflammatory markers consistently irrespective of BCS group. It was concluded, that the assessed BCS span covered a range in which the capability of cows to cope with different dietary post partum energy supply remained unchanged.
Katharina Bünemann; Jana Frahm; Susanne Kersten; Liane Hüther; Ulrich Meyer; Helga Sauerwein; Jürgen Hummel; Annette Zeyner; Sven Dänicke. Effects of Pre-Calving Body Condition and Different post partum Concentrate Feed Proportions on Immune-Associated and Hematological Parameters in Pluriparous Dairy Cows. Animals 2020, 10, 2251 .
AMA StyleKatharina Bünemann, Jana Frahm, Susanne Kersten, Liane Hüther, Ulrich Meyer, Helga Sauerwein, Jürgen Hummel, Annette Zeyner, Sven Dänicke. Effects of Pre-Calving Body Condition and Different post partum Concentrate Feed Proportions on Immune-Associated and Hematological Parameters in Pluriparous Dairy Cows. Animals. 2020; 10 (12):2251.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatharina Bünemann; Jana Frahm; Susanne Kersten; Liane Hüther; Ulrich Meyer; Helga Sauerwein; Jürgen Hummel; Annette Zeyner; Sven Dänicke. 2020. "Effects of Pre-Calving Body Condition and Different post partum Concentrate Feed Proportions on Immune-Associated and Hematological Parameters in Pluriparous Dairy Cows." Animals 10, no. 12: 2251.
Sphingolipids are bioactive lipids that can modulate insulin sensitivity, cellular differentiation, and apoptosis in a tissue-specific manner. However, their comparative profiles in bovine retroperitoneal (RPAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) are currently unknown. We aimed to characterize the sphingolipid profiles using a targeted lipidomics approach and to assess whether potentially related sphingolipid pathways are different between SCAT and RPAT. Holstein bulls (n = 6) were slaughtered, and SCAT and RPAT samples were collected for sphingolipid profiling. A total of 70 sphingolipid species were detected and quantified by UPLC-MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, including ceramide (Cer), dihydroceramide (DHCer), sphingomyelin (SM), dihydrosphingomyelin (DHSM), ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), galactosylceramide (GalCer), glucosylceramide (GluCer), lactosylceramide (LacCer), sphinganine (DHSph), and sphingosine (Sph). Our results showed that sphingolipids of the de novo synthesis pathway, such as DHSph, DHCer, and Cer, were more concentrated in RPAT than in SCAT. Sphingolipids of the salvage pathway and the sphingomyelinase pathway, such as Sph, S1P, C1P, glycosphingolipid, and SM, were more concentrated in SCAT. Our results indicate that RPAT had a greater extent of ceramide accumulation, thereby increasing the concentration of further sphingolipid intermediates in the de novo synthesis pathway. This distinctive sphingolipid distribution pattern in RPAT and SCAT can potentially explain the tissue-specific activity in insulin sensitivity, proinflammation, and oxidative stress in RPAT and SCAT.
Yue Hei Leung; Sonja Christiane Bäßler; Christian Koch; Theresa Scheu; Ulrich Meyer; Sven Dänicke; Korinna Huber; Ákos Kenéz. Sphingolipid Profiling Reveals Different Extent of Ceramide Accumulation in Bovine Retroperitoneal and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues. Metabolites 2020, 10, 473 .
AMA StyleYue Hei Leung, Sonja Christiane Bäßler, Christian Koch, Theresa Scheu, Ulrich Meyer, Sven Dänicke, Korinna Huber, Ákos Kenéz. Sphingolipid Profiling Reveals Different Extent of Ceramide Accumulation in Bovine Retroperitoneal and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues. Metabolites. 2020; 10 (11):473.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYue Hei Leung; Sonja Christiane Bäßler; Christian Koch; Theresa Scheu; Ulrich Meyer; Sven Dänicke; Korinna Huber; Ákos Kenéz. 2020. "Sphingolipid Profiling Reveals Different Extent of Ceramide Accumulation in Bovine Retroperitoneal and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues." Metabolites 10, no. 11: 473.
A feeding experiment was carried out with late-lactating cows over 12 weeks to evaluate the feeding value of a basic diet with maize and grass silage (MS, GS) when combined with varying portions of concentrate in the ration (20% and 60% on a dry matter basis) and to test the effects on health and performance, the transfer of important Fusarium toxins to blood and milk, the total and Shiga toxin (stx)-forming E. coli counts, and the presence of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) genes in rectal fecal samples. MS was contaminated by a broader spectrum of fungal and other metabolites compared to GS. MS contained higher concentrations of the important Fusarium toxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN). Blood and milk levels of DON and ZEN residues generally reflected the differences in exposure at a low level. Feeding of MS with 60% concentrate feed induced subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) associated with a marked drop in dry matter intake, fat corrected milk yield and a fat to protein ratio in milk of lower than 1.The SARA-associated higher ruminal LPS concentration did not affect the circulating concentrations of haptoglobin as an indicator of systemic inflammation. Lower rumen pH values in both MS-fed groups were associated with lower pH values, higher absolute E. coli counts and increased proportions of stx-positive E. coli in rectal feces. BoNT genes A, B, C, D, E and F remained undetectable in any of the fecal samples suggesting that feedstuffs were virtually free of the corresponding C. botulinum strains. In conclusion, maize feedstuff (silage, grains, starch-containing byproducts)-dominated rations for dairy cows should be avoided to reduce adverse effects on health and food safety.
Sven Dänicke; Julia Krenz; Christian Seyboldt; Heinrich Neubauer; Jana Frahm; Susanne Kersten; Karsten Meyer; Janine Saltzmann; Wolfram Richardt; Gerhard Breves; Helga Sauerwein; Michael Sulyok; Ulrich Meyer; Lutz Geue. Maize and Grass Silage Feeding to Dairy Cows Combined with Different Concentrate Feed Proportions with a Special Focus on Mycotoxins, Shiga Toxin (stx)-Forming Escherichia coli and Clostridium botulinum Neurotoxin (BoNT) Genes: Implications for Animal Health and Food Safety. Dairy 2020, 1, 91 -126.
AMA StyleSven Dänicke, Julia Krenz, Christian Seyboldt, Heinrich Neubauer, Jana Frahm, Susanne Kersten, Karsten Meyer, Janine Saltzmann, Wolfram Richardt, Gerhard Breves, Helga Sauerwein, Michael Sulyok, Ulrich Meyer, Lutz Geue. Maize and Grass Silage Feeding to Dairy Cows Combined with Different Concentrate Feed Proportions with a Special Focus on Mycotoxins, Shiga Toxin (stx)-Forming Escherichia coli and Clostridium botulinum Neurotoxin (BoNT) Genes: Implications for Animal Health and Food Safety. Dairy. 2020; 1 (2):91-126.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSven Dänicke; Julia Krenz; Christian Seyboldt; Heinrich Neubauer; Jana Frahm; Susanne Kersten; Karsten Meyer; Janine Saltzmann; Wolfram Richardt; Gerhard Breves; Helga Sauerwein; Michael Sulyok; Ulrich Meyer; Lutz Geue. 2020. "Maize and Grass Silage Feeding to Dairy Cows Combined with Different Concentrate Feed Proportions with a Special Focus on Mycotoxins, Shiga Toxin (stx)-Forming Escherichia coli and Clostridium botulinum Neurotoxin (BoNT) Genes: Implications for Animal Health and Food Safety." Dairy 1, no. 2: 91-126.
The purpose of this review is to identify the main influencing factors related to dairy cow health as it impacts the intensity of greenhouse gas emissions considering known data presented in the literature. For this study, we define the emission intensity as CO2 equivalents per kilogram of milk. In dairy cows, a high dry matter (DM) intake (25 kg/d) leads to an higher absolute methane emission compared to a lower DM intake (10 kg/d). However, the emission intensity is decreased at a high performance level. The emissions caused by DM intake to cover the energy requirement for maintenance are distributed over a higher milk yield. Therefore, the emission intensity per kilogram of product is decreased for high-yielding animals with a high DM intake. Apart from that, animal diseases as well as poor environmental or nutritional conditions are responsible for a decreased DM intake and a compromised performance. As a result, animal diseases not only mean reduced productivity, but also increased emission intensity. The productive life-span of a dairy cow is closely related to animal health, and the impact on emission intensity is enormous. A model calculation shows that cows with five to eight lactations could have a reduced emission intensity of up to 40% compared to animals that have left the herd after their first lactation. This supports the general efforts to increase longevity of dairy cows by an improved health management including all measures to prevent diseases.
Dirk Von Soosten; Ulrich Meyer; Gerhard Flachowsky; Sven Dänicke. Dairy Cow Health and Greenhouse Gas Emission Intensity. Dairy 2020, 1, 3 -29.
AMA StyleDirk Von Soosten, Ulrich Meyer, Gerhard Flachowsky, Sven Dänicke. Dairy Cow Health and Greenhouse Gas Emission Intensity. Dairy. 2020; 1 (1):3-29.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDirk Von Soosten; Ulrich Meyer; Gerhard Flachowsky; Sven Dänicke. 2020. "Dairy Cow Health and Greenhouse Gas Emission Intensity." Dairy 1, no. 1: 3-29.
Dairy cows develop metabolic diseases especially in the transition period due to high energy requirements for the process of calving, beginning milk production and, simultaneously, restricted feed intake capacity. L-carnitine is endogenously synthesised as an obligatory, quaternary amine for the initial step of ß-oxidation, but with the onset of lactation it is also excreted with milk, whereby its availability for other metabolic pathways might be limited. Supplemental L-carnitine might be able to fill in this apparent gap and to enhance the efficiency of ß-oxidation, whereby the magnitude of negative energy balance would be decreased. The present experiment mainly focused on the energy-consuming process of calving itself and on the energy metabolism during the first weeks of lactation. Dairy cows are metabolically challenged during the transition period. Furthermore, the process of parturition represents an energy-consuming process. The degree of negative energy balance and recovery from calving also depends on the efficiency of mitochondrial energy generation. At this point, L-carnitine plays an important role for the transfer of fatty acids to the site of their mitochondrial utilisation. A control (n = 30) and an L-carnitine group (n = 29, 25 g rumen-protected L-carnitine per cow and day) were created and blood samples were taken from day 42 ante partum (ap) until day 110 post-partum (pp) to clarify the impact of L-carnitine supplementation on dairy cows, especially during the transition period and early puerperium. Blood and clinical parameters were recorded in high resolution from 0.5 h to 72 h pp. L-carnitine-supplemented cows had higher amounts of milk fat in early lactation and higher triacylglyceride concentrations in plasma ap, indicating increased efficiency of fat oxidation. However, neither recovery from calving nor energy balance and lipomobilisation were influenced by L-carnitine.
Jennifer Meyer; Susanne Ursula Daniels; Sandra Grindler; Johanna Tröscher-Mußotter; Mohamadtaher Alaedin; Jana Frahm; Liane Hüther; Jeannette Kluess; Susanne Kersten; Dirk Von Soosten; Ulrich Meyer; Erika Most; Klaus Eder; Helga Sauerwein; Jana Seifert; Korinna Huber; Jürgen Rehage; Sven Dänicke. Effects of a Dietary L-Carnitine Supplementation on Performance, Energy Metabolism and Recovery from Calving in Dairy Cows. Animals 2020, 10, 342 .
AMA StyleJennifer Meyer, Susanne Ursula Daniels, Sandra Grindler, Johanna Tröscher-Mußotter, Mohamadtaher Alaedin, Jana Frahm, Liane Hüther, Jeannette Kluess, Susanne Kersten, Dirk Von Soosten, Ulrich Meyer, Erika Most, Klaus Eder, Helga Sauerwein, Jana Seifert, Korinna Huber, Jürgen Rehage, Sven Dänicke. Effects of a Dietary L-Carnitine Supplementation on Performance, Energy Metabolism and Recovery from Calving in Dairy Cows. Animals. 2020; 10 (2):342.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJennifer Meyer; Susanne Ursula Daniels; Sandra Grindler; Johanna Tröscher-Mußotter; Mohamadtaher Alaedin; Jana Frahm; Liane Hüther; Jeannette Kluess; Susanne Kersten; Dirk Von Soosten; Ulrich Meyer; Erika Most; Klaus Eder; Helga Sauerwein; Jana Seifert; Korinna Huber; Jürgen Rehage; Sven Dänicke. 2020. "Effects of a Dietary L-Carnitine Supplementation on Performance, Energy Metabolism and Recovery from Calving in Dairy Cows." Animals 10, no. 2: 342.
The aim of the study was to examine different pH parameters, such as variations throughout the day, depending on differing concentrate feed proportions. Moreover, special attention was payed to individual variation in microbial efficiencies (microbial crude protein/fermented organic matter) and their relation to ruminal pH, nutrient flows and digestibilities. For this, cows were grouped according to microbial efficiency (more, n = 5, vs. less efficient cows, n = 4). After calving, thirteen ruminally cannulated pluriparous cows, including nine duodenally cannulated animals, were divided into groups offered rations with a lower (35% on dry matter basis, n = 7) or a higher (60% on dry matter basis, n = 6) concentrate feed proportion. Ruminal pH parameters were assessed continuously by using intraruminal probes. Nutrient flows, nutrient digestibility and microbial efficiency were determined for duodenally cannulated cows. For most ruminal pH parameters it seemed that individual variability was higher than the treatment effect. However, a positive relationship between actual concentrate intake and diurnal pH fluctuations was found. Besides, the effect of individually different microbial efficiencies was assessed. Again, there were no group differences for pH parameters. However, nutrient flows were significantly higher in more efficient cows, whereas digestibilities were lower in in more efficient cows.
Katharina Bünemann; Maren Johannes; Rolf Schmitz; Julia Hartwiger; Dirk Von Soosten; Liane Hüther; Ulrich Meyer; Heiner Westendarp; Jürgen Hummel; Annette Zeyner; Sven Dänicke. Effects of Different Concentrate Feed Proportions on Ruminal Ph Parameters, Duodenal Nutrient Flows and Efficiency of Microbial Crude Protein Synthesis in Dairy Cows During Early Lactation. Animals 2020, 10, 267 .
AMA StyleKatharina Bünemann, Maren Johannes, Rolf Schmitz, Julia Hartwiger, Dirk Von Soosten, Liane Hüther, Ulrich Meyer, Heiner Westendarp, Jürgen Hummel, Annette Zeyner, Sven Dänicke. Effects of Different Concentrate Feed Proportions on Ruminal Ph Parameters, Duodenal Nutrient Flows and Efficiency of Microbial Crude Protein Synthesis in Dairy Cows During Early Lactation. Animals. 2020; 10 (2):267.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatharina Bünemann; Maren Johannes; Rolf Schmitz; Julia Hartwiger; Dirk Von Soosten; Liane Hüther; Ulrich Meyer; Heiner Westendarp; Jürgen Hummel; Annette Zeyner; Sven Dänicke. 2020. "Effects of Different Concentrate Feed Proportions on Ruminal Ph Parameters, Duodenal Nutrient Flows and Efficiency of Microbial Crude Protein Synthesis in Dairy Cows During Early Lactation." Animals 10, no. 2: 267.
The objective of the present study was to validate the accuracy of algorithms, implemented in the currently available RumiWatch Converter (RWC) version V0.7.4.5 of the RumiWatch System (RWS), for the classification of behavioural characteristics from jaw and head movements which are monitored by a noseband halter comprising a pressure sensor and a triaxial accelerometer. The accurate classification of behavioural characteristics in different time resolutions is critical for the usage of the RWS for scientific and practical purposes as chewing behaviour provides essential indicators for the assessment of diet adequacy in dairy cows. To validate the RWC V0.7.4.5 classification accuracy for behavioural characteristics of rumination, eating, drinking, other activity and ruminating chews per bolus by direct observation as reference method, 14 dairy cows participated in the trial. Concordance between the consolidated 1-min and 1-h classification results was assessed. The RWC V0.7.4.5 classified only rumination and ruminating chews per bolus precisely, whereas an algorithm optimisation for the classification of eating, drinking and other activity is required. Additionally, classification results from the 1-min and 1-h time summaries were not in agreement with each other except for rumination.
Matthias Steinmetz; Dirk Von Soosten; Jürgen Hummel; Ulrich Meyer; Sven Dänicke. Validation of the RumiWatch Converter V0.7.4.5 classification accuracy for the automatic monitoring of behavioural characteristics in dairy cows. Archives of Animal Nutrition 2020, 74, 164 -172.
AMA StyleMatthias Steinmetz, Dirk Von Soosten, Jürgen Hummel, Ulrich Meyer, Sven Dänicke. Validation of the RumiWatch Converter V0.7.4.5 classification accuracy for the automatic monitoring of behavioural characteristics in dairy cows. Archives of Animal Nutrition. 2020; 74 (2):164-172.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatthias Steinmetz; Dirk Von Soosten; Jürgen Hummel; Ulrich Meyer; Sven Dänicke. 2020. "Validation of the RumiWatch Converter V0.7.4.5 classification accuracy for the automatic monitoring of behavioural characteristics in dairy cows." Archives of Animal Nutrition 74, no. 2: 164-172.
Development of calves depends on prenatal and postnatal conditions. Primiparous cows were still maturing during pregnancy, which can lead to negative intrauterine conditions and affect the calf’s metabolism. It is hypothesized that weaning calves at higher maturity has positive effects due to reduced metabolic stress. We aimed to evaluate effects of mothers’ parity and calves’ weaning age on growth performance and blood metabolites. Fifty-nine female Holstein calves (38.8 ± 5.3 kg birth weight, about 8 days old) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment with factors weaning age (7 vs. 17 weeks) and parity of mother (primiparous vs. multiparous cows). Calves were randomly assigned one of these four groups. Live weight, live weight gain and morphometry increased over time and were greater in calves weaned later. Metabolic indicators except total protein were interactively affected by time and weaning age. Leptin remained low in early-weaned calves born to primiparous cows, while it increased in the other groups. The results suggest that weaning more mature calves has a positive effect on body growth, and calves born to primiparous cows particularly benefit from this weaning regimen. It also enables a smooth transition from liquid to solid feed, which might reduce the associated stress of weaning.
Sarah Schwarzkopf; Asako Kinoshita; Jeannette Kluess; Susanne Kersten; Ulrich Meyer; Korinna Huber; Sven Dänicke; Jana Frahm. Weaning Holstein Calves at 17 Weeks of Age Enables Smooth Transition from Liquid to Solid Feed. Animals 2019, 9, 1132 .
AMA StyleSarah Schwarzkopf, Asako Kinoshita, Jeannette Kluess, Susanne Kersten, Ulrich Meyer, Korinna Huber, Sven Dänicke, Jana Frahm. Weaning Holstein Calves at 17 Weeks of Age Enables Smooth Transition from Liquid to Solid Feed. Animals. 2019; 9 (12):1132.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSarah Schwarzkopf; Asako Kinoshita; Jeannette Kluess; Susanne Kersten; Ulrich Meyer; Korinna Huber; Sven Dänicke; Jana Frahm. 2019. "Weaning Holstein Calves at 17 Weeks of Age Enables Smooth Transition from Liquid to Solid Feed." Animals 9, no. 12: 1132.
In spring, transition from a total mixed ration (TMR) to a full grazing ration with moderate concentrate supply influences cow's metabolism. It has been shown that feeding moderate amounts of concentrate during fulltime grazing did not prevent energy shortage and lipomobilization, alterations in energy metabolism, decreasing milk production and loss in body weight. As diet change and energy balance are closely related to immune reactivity, in this trial the effect of transition to pasture on specific immune parameters of cows was documented. Over a 12-week trial 43 dairy cows were observed during transition from confinement to pasture (PG; n = 22) and compared to cows fed TMR indoor (CG; n = 21). The CG stayed on a TMR based ration (35% corn silage, 35% grass silage, 30% concentrate; dry matter (DM) basis), whereas the PG slowly switched to a pasture -based ration (week 0 and 1 = TMR, week 2 = TMR and 3 h pasture·day-1, week 3 and 4 = TMR and 12 h pasture·day-1, and week 5 to 11 = pasture combined with 4.5 kg DM concentrate·cow-1·day-1). Inflammatory markers like blood haptoglobin or tryptophan to kynurenine ratio did not indicate acute phase reaction. Proportions of CD4+ (T-helper cells) and CD8+ cells (cytotoxic T-cells) remained uninfluenced as well. White blood cell concentration and its subpopulation of granulocytes increased over time in the PG. Stimulation ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to mount an oxidative burst significantly increased during the trial, too. The endogenous antioxidant state as characterized by glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in blood of the PG did not change, whereas the vitamin E concentration reached the highest level at the end of the trial. The 25-CHO metabolites of vitamin D increased as soon as the PG had pasture access, whereas the other metabolite 25-ERG decreased. The results of this study indicate that transition to pasture affects immune related parameters. However, the consequences of the observed effects on health status of the pasture group need to be clarified in further studies with a defined concurrent immune challenge.
Julia Hartwiger; Melanie Schären; Jana Frahm; Susanne Kersten; Liane Hüther; Helga Sauerwein; Ulrich Meyer; Gerhard Breves; Sven Dänicke. Effects of a Change from an Indoor-Based Total Mixed Ration to a Rotational Pasture System Combined with a Moderate Concentrate Feed Supply on Immunological Cell and Blood Parameters of Dairy Cows. Veterinary Sciences 2019, 6, 47 .
AMA StyleJulia Hartwiger, Melanie Schären, Jana Frahm, Susanne Kersten, Liane Hüther, Helga Sauerwein, Ulrich Meyer, Gerhard Breves, Sven Dänicke. Effects of a Change from an Indoor-Based Total Mixed Ration to a Rotational Pasture System Combined with a Moderate Concentrate Feed Supply on Immunological Cell and Blood Parameters of Dairy Cows. Veterinary Sciences. 2019; 6 (2):47.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulia Hartwiger; Melanie Schären; Jana Frahm; Susanne Kersten; Liane Hüther; Helga Sauerwein; Ulrich Meyer; Gerhard Breves; Sven Dänicke. 2019. "Effects of a Change from an Indoor-Based Total Mixed Ration to a Rotational Pasture System Combined with a Moderate Concentrate Feed Supply on Immunological Cell and Blood Parameters of Dairy Cows." Veterinary Sciences 6, no. 2: 47.
The aim of this study was to evaluate energy metabolism and lipid mobilization via ultrasonic measurements (USM), considering inner fat depots, in lactating dairy cows differing in body condition score (BCS) and fed rations with low (35% at dry matter basis; C35) or high (60% at dry matter basis; C60) concentrate feed proportions postpartum. Sixty pluriparous German Holstein cows were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design from d 42 antepartum (relative to calculated calving) until d 120 postpartum. Animals were divided into a group with a lower (initial BCS = 3.1 ± 0.38 SD; BCSL) and a group with a higher (initial BCS = 3.83 ± 0.41 SD; BCSH) BCS. Due to higher dry matter intake C60 groups reached the positive energy balance earlier, whereas C35 groups had a more pronounced negative energy balance. Although this would suggest a more pronounced mobilization of C35 groups the USM revealed no differences between feeding groups. Differences in BCS between both BCS groups remained almost the same over the trial. This was not reflected in ultrasonic data, as lipid mobilization was higher in higher conditioned cows. These findings demonstrate the extended possibilities of USM to depict metabolic processes.
Katharina Bünemann; Dirk Von Soosten; Jana Frahm; Susanne Kersten; Ulrich Meyer; Jürgen Hummel; Annette Zeyner; Sven Dänicke. Effects of Body Condition and Concentrate Proportion of the Ration on Mobilization of Fat Depots and Energetic Condition in Dairy Cows during Early Lactation Based on Ultrasonic Measurements. Animals 2019, 9, 131 .
AMA StyleKatharina Bünemann, Dirk Von Soosten, Jana Frahm, Susanne Kersten, Ulrich Meyer, Jürgen Hummel, Annette Zeyner, Sven Dänicke. Effects of Body Condition and Concentrate Proportion of the Ration on Mobilization of Fat Depots and Energetic Condition in Dairy Cows during Early Lactation Based on Ultrasonic Measurements. Animals. 2019; 9 (4):131.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatharina Bünemann; Dirk Von Soosten; Jana Frahm; Susanne Kersten; Ulrich Meyer; Jürgen Hummel; Annette Zeyner; Sven Dänicke. 2019. "Effects of Body Condition and Concentrate Proportion of the Ration on Mobilization of Fat Depots and Energetic Condition in Dairy Cows during Early Lactation Based on Ultrasonic Measurements." Animals 9, no. 4: 131.
Dairy cows experience a negative energy balance due to increasing energy demands and insufficient voluntary feed intake in the transition from late pregnancy to early lactation. For supplying sufficient energy towards the conceptus and the mammary gland, the insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues is reduced leading to adipose tissue mobilization. Adiponectin, an insulin-sensitizing adipokine, is presumably related to energy metabolism and could play an important role in these metabolic adaptations. We hypothesize that (1) primiparous cows would differ from pluriparous cows in their circulating adiponectin concentrations during the transition from late pregnancy to early lactation and (2) that feeding different energy levels would affect the adiponectin concentrations during early lactation in dairy cows. For the first hypothesis we examined 201 primiparous and 456 pluriparous Holstein dairy cows on three experimental farms. Ante partum, primiparous cows had lower adiponectin and greater NEFA concentrations than pluriparous cows, but vice versa post partum. Hence, adiponectin might be involved in the energy partitioning in primiparous cows (conceptus and lactation vs. other still growing body tissues) with changing priorities from pregnancy to lactation. For the second hypothesis, 110 primiparous and 558 pluriparous Holstein and Simmental dairy cows in six experimental farms received either roughage with 6.1 or 6.5 MJ NEl/kg dry matter (adjusted with different amounts of wheat straw) ad libitum, combined with either 150 or 250 g concentrates/kg energy corrected milk. Greater amounts of concentrate lead to greater milk yield, but did not affect the blood variables. The higher energy level in the roughage led to greater glucose and IGF-1 but lower adiponectin in pluriparous cows. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms behind the roughage effect and its metabolic consequences.
Christiane Urh; Jana Denißen; Imke Harder; Christian Koch; Elisabeth Gerster; Thomas Ettle; Nina Kraus; Rolf Schmitz; Björn Kuhla; Eckhard Stamer; Hubert Spiekers; Helga Sauerwein. Circulating adiponectin concentrations during the transition from pregnancy to lactation in high-yielding dairy cows: testing the effects of farm, parity, and dietary energy level in large animal numbers. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 2019, 69, 1 -12.
AMA StyleChristiane Urh, Jana Denißen, Imke Harder, Christian Koch, Elisabeth Gerster, Thomas Ettle, Nina Kraus, Rolf Schmitz, Björn Kuhla, Eckhard Stamer, Hubert Spiekers, Helga Sauerwein. Circulating adiponectin concentrations during the transition from pregnancy to lactation in high-yielding dairy cows: testing the effects of farm, parity, and dietary energy level in large animal numbers. Domestic Animal Endocrinology. 2019; 69 ():1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristiane Urh; Jana Denißen; Imke Harder; Christian Koch; Elisabeth Gerster; Thomas Ettle; Nina Kraus; Rolf Schmitz; Björn Kuhla; Eckhard Stamer; Hubert Spiekers; Helga Sauerwein. 2019. "Circulating adiponectin concentrations during the transition from pregnancy to lactation in high-yielding dairy cows: testing the effects of farm, parity, and dietary energy level in large animal numbers." Domestic Animal Endocrinology 69, no. : 1-12.
In temperate climate zones, cows are in spring traditionally transitioned from a silage and concentrate- ration to a pasture-based ration. This transition requires complex nutritional and metabolic adaptions for the cow, resulting in a lower feed intake with consequences on energy metabolism. Normally concentrate feed is supplied to support the cows after transition to pasture. Depending on weather influences and growing stage, grass contains high amounts of fast fermentable carbohydrates and low amounts of physical effective fiber. In a previous trial, pasture feeding combined with low amounts of concentrate supply did not prevent an energy shortage after transition to pasture but led to changes in ruminal fermentation patterns indicating a possible risk for rumen health. However, the impact of ration change has not been extensively researched so far when moderate concentrate feed was supplied moderately in order to prevent an energy deficiency. To investigate the influences different rumen variables were documented, using continuous pH measuring devices and weekly diurnal fermentation assessments in rumen fistulated animals. Influence on rumen epithelial morphology was measured by the collection of rumen papillae biopsies and subsequent surface area, as well as histopathological analyses. With the help of this data, a greater understanding of the adaption period of the animals during transition from confinement to pasture is made possible. In spring, transition from a total mixed ration (TMR) to pasture requires rumen adaptions for the cow. It had been shown that transition period does not necessarily mean an increased risk for subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). After adaption to pasture, however, supplying low amounts of concentrate did indicate increased risk, but caused no adverse effects on rumen morphology and absorption capacity. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of transition, and how a supply of 4.5 kg dry matter concentrate·cow−1·day−1 during fulltime grazing influenced different rumen parameters. During a 12-week trial eleven rumen-cannulated dairy cows were observed during transition from confinement to pasture (PG; n = 6) and compared to cows fed TMR indoors (CG; n = 5). The CG stayed on a TMR based ration (35% corn silage, 35% grass silage, 30% concentrate; dry matter basis), whereas the PG slowly switched to a pasture-based ration (week 0 and 1 = TMR, week 2 = TMR and 3 h pasture·day−1, week 3 and 4 = TMR and 12 h pasture·day−1, and week 5 to 11 = pasture combined with 4.5 kg DM concentrate·cow−1·day−1). Papillae surface area decreased during transition and increased again during fulltime grazing, while the fractional absorption rate of volatile fatty acids (VFA) was not influenced. This suggests only a limited effect of papillae surface area on VFA absorption rate. Feeding changes resulted in different fermentation profiles of VFA. Changing ratio of starch to sugar during transition to...
Julia Hartwiger; Melanie Schären; Sarah Potthoff; Liane Hüther; Susanne Kersten; Dirk Von Soosten; Andreas Beineke; Ulrich Meyer; Gerhard Breves; Sven Dänicke. Effects of a Change from an Indoor-Based Total Mixed Ration to a Rotational Pasture System Combined With a Moderate Concentrate Feed Supply on Rumen Fermentation of Dairy Cows. Animals 2018, 8, 205 .
AMA StyleJulia Hartwiger, Melanie Schären, Sarah Potthoff, Liane Hüther, Susanne Kersten, Dirk Von Soosten, Andreas Beineke, Ulrich Meyer, Gerhard Breves, Sven Dänicke. Effects of a Change from an Indoor-Based Total Mixed Ration to a Rotational Pasture System Combined With a Moderate Concentrate Feed Supply on Rumen Fermentation of Dairy Cows. Animals. 2018; 8 (11):205.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulia Hartwiger; Melanie Schären; Sarah Potthoff; Liane Hüther; Susanne Kersten; Dirk Von Soosten; Andreas Beineke; Ulrich Meyer; Gerhard Breves; Sven Dänicke. 2018. "Effects of a Change from an Indoor-Based Total Mixed Ration to a Rotational Pasture System Combined With a Moderate Concentrate Feed Supply on Rumen Fermentation of Dairy Cows." Animals 8, no. 11: 205.
In spring, the transition from a total mixed ration (TMR) to pasture requires metabolic adaptions for the cow. It had been shown that supply of low amounts of concentrate after transition to full-time grazing caused energy deficits, resulting in a lower milking performance and changes in a variety of variables indicative for energy metabolism. The present study aimed to investigate how a moderate concentrate supply (4.5 kg dry matter cow/day) after transition to pasture influences health and production indicators. Over a 12-week trial period dairy cows were observed during transition from confinement to pasture (pasture group: PG) and compared to cows fed TMR indoors (confinement group: CG). On average, the PG consumed less feed and energy than the CG and mobilized body reserves, which is mirrored in a decrease of body condition and various fat depots. These effects were paralleled by elevated serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids and ketone bodies as well as an increase in liver fat content. The physical activity (elevated walking, eating, decreasing rumination time) of the PG was significantly higher than that of the CG, which intensified the energy deficiency and resulted in a lower milk yield. In conclusion, the moderate concentrate supply was insufficient to counterbalance the lower energy intake from pasture during transition.
Julia Hartwiger; Melanie Schären; Ursula Gerhards; Liane Hüther; Jana Frahm; Dirk Von Soosten; Jeanette Klüß; Martin Bachmann; Annette Zeyner; Ulrich Meyer; Johannes Isselstein; Gerhard Breves; Sven Dänicke. Effects of a Change from an Indoor-Based Total Mixed Ration to a Rotational Pasture System Combined with a Moderate Concentrate Feed Supply on the Health and Performance of Dairy Cows. Animals 2018, 8, 169 .
AMA StyleJulia Hartwiger, Melanie Schären, Ursula Gerhards, Liane Hüther, Jana Frahm, Dirk Von Soosten, Jeanette Klüß, Martin Bachmann, Annette Zeyner, Ulrich Meyer, Johannes Isselstein, Gerhard Breves, Sven Dänicke. Effects of a Change from an Indoor-Based Total Mixed Ration to a Rotational Pasture System Combined with a Moderate Concentrate Feed Supply on the Health and Performance of Dairy Cows. Animals. 2018; 8 (10):169.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulia Hartwiger; Melanie Schären; Ursula Gerhards; Liane Hüther; Jana Frahm; Dirk Von Soosten; Jeanette Klüß; Martin Bachmann; Annette Zeyner; Ulrich Meyer; Johannes Isselstein; Gerhard Breves; Sven Dänicke. 2018. "Effects of a Change from an Indoor-Based Total Mixed Ration to a Rotational Pasture System Combined with a Moderate Concentrate Feed Supply on the Health and Performance of Dairy Cows." Animals 8, no. 10: 169.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term exposure to a Fusarium toxin deoxynivalenol (DON, 5 mg/kg DM) on the energy metabolism in lactating cows fed diets with different amounts of concentrate. In Period 1 27 German Holstein cows were assigned to two groups and fed a control or mycotoxin-contaminated diet with 50% concentrate for 11 weeks. In Period 2 each group was further divided and fed either a diet containing 30% or 60% concentrate for 16 weeks. Blood samples were collected in week 0, 4, 8, 15, 21, and 27 for calculation of the Revised Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index and biopsy samples of skeletal muscle and the liver in w 0, 15, and 27 for analysis by real-time RT-qPCR. The DON-fed groups presented lower insulin sensitivities than controls at week 27. Concomitantly, muscular mRNA expression of insulin receptors and hepatic mRNA expression of glucose transporter 2 and key enzymes for gluconeogenesis and fatty acid metabolism were lower in DON-fed cows compared to the control. The study revealed no consistent evidence that DON effects were modified by dietary concentrate levels. In conclusion, long-term dietary DON intake appears to have mild effects on energy metabolism in lactating dairy cows.
Asako Kinoshita; Christina Keese; Ulrich Meyer; Alexander Starke; Christine Wrenzycki; Sven Dänicke; Jürgen Rehage. Chronic Effects of Fusarium Mycotoxins in Rations with or without Increased Concentrate Proportion on the Insulin Sensitivity in Lactating Dairy Cows. Toxins 2018, 10, 188 .
AMA StyleAsako Kinoshita, Christina Keese, Ulrich Meyer, Alexander Starke, Christine Wrenzycki, Sven Dänicke, Jürgen Rehage. Chronic Effects of Fusarium Mycotoxins in Rations with or without Increased Concentrate Proportion on the Insulin Sensitivity in Lactating Dairy Cows. Toxins. 2018; 10 (5):188.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsako Kinoshita; Christina Keese; Ulrich Meyer; Alexander Starke; Christine Wrenzycki; Sven Dänicke; Jürgen Rehage. 2018. "Chronic Effects of Fusarium Mycotoxins in Rations with or without Increased Concentrate Proportion on the Insulin Sensitivity in Lactating Dairy Cows." Toxins 10, no. 5: 188.
The principal virulence factor of Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), the eponymous Stx, modulates cellular immune responses in cattle, the primary STEC reservoir. We examined whether immunization with genetically inactivated recombinant Shiga toxoids (rStx1MUT/rStx2MUT) influences STEC shedding in a calf cohort. A group of 24 calves was passively (colostrum from immunized cows) and actively (intra-muscularly at 5th and 8th week) vaccinated. Twenty-four calves served as unvaccinated controls (fed with low anti-Stx colostrum, placebo injected). Each group was divided according to the vitamin E concentration they received by milk replacer (moderate and high supplemented). The effective transfer of Stx-neutralizing antibodies from dams to calves via colostrum was confirmed by Vero cell assay. Serum antibody titers in calves differed significantly between the vaccinated and the control group until the 16th week of life. Using the expression of activation marker CD25 on CD4+CD45RO+ cells and CD8αhiCD45RO+ cells as flow cytometry based read-out, cells from vaccinated animals responded more pronounced than those of control calves to lysates of STEC and E. coli strains isolated from the farm as well as to rStx2MUT in the 16th week. Summarized for the entire observation period, less fecal samples from vaccinated calves were stx1 and/or stx2 positive than samples from control animals when calves were fed a moderate amount of vitamin E. This study provides first evidence, that transfer to and induction in young calves of Stx-neutralizing antibodies by Shiga toxoid vaccination offers the opportunity to reduce the incidence of stx-positive fecal samples in a calf cohort.
Nadine Schmidt; Stefanie A. Barth; Jana Frahm; Ulrich Meyer; Sven Dänicke; Lutz Geue; Christian Menge. Decreased STEC shedding by cattle following passive and active vaccination based on recombinant Escherichia coli Shiga toxoids. Veterinary Research 2018, 49, 1 -15.
AMA StyleNadine Schmidt, Stefanie A. Barth, Jana Frahm, Ulrich Meyer, Sven Dänicke, Lutz Geue, Christian Menge. Decreased STEC shedding by cattle following passive and active vaccination based on recombinant Escherichia coli Shiga toxoids. Veterinary Research. 2018; 49 (1):1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNadine Schmidt; Stefanie A. Barth; Jana Frahm; Ulrich Meyer; Sven Dänicke; Lutz Geue; Christian Menge. 2018. "Decreased STEC shedding by cattle following passive and active vaccination based on recombinant Escherichia coli Shiga toxoids." Veterinary Research 49, no. 1: 1-15.