Rhizopogon, a globally distributed genus of edible ectomycorrhizal fungi, is the focus of this study. This study describes a new species, Rhizopogon qujingensis sp. nov., along with two newly recorded species of the genus Rhizopogon from China. The new species is distinguished from other known Rhizopogon species by its distinctly phylogenetic position and unique morphological characteristics, the species is characterized by comparatively smaller basidiomata, a peridium that exhibits yellow tinting after injury and contains red-brown pigment, along with smaller, narrowly oblong to elongate spores. Furthermore, R. rubescens and R. evadens are recorded for the first time in China, with their taxonomic status confirmed through integrated morphological and molecular analysis, thereby extending their known geographical distribution. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted to elucidate the relationships between Chinese Rhizopogon species and other taxa within the genus. This research contributes essential data for advancing the understanding of global Rhizopogon species diversity and biogeographic patterns.