This study investigated the effects of sodium selenate (Se) application on the yield and quality parameters of strawberry plants under different water deficit conditions. The research was conducted in greenhouses at Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University during the 2023 growing season and employed a split‐plot design with three replications. Irrigation treatments (100% (I ₁₀₀ ) and 50% (I ₅₀ ) of Class A pan evaporation) were assigned to main plots, while sodium selenate doses (0, 2, and 4 ppm as foliar‐applied) subplots. In this study, strawberry plant shape, fresh fruit yield, fruit weight, fruit per plant, total phenolic and flavonoid concentrations, relative water content and mineral content were investigated. The results indicated that Se application mitigated the adverse effects of water stress, enhancing plant morphology and relative water content. Fresh fruit yield ranged from 43.91 to 86.70 g per plant, with the highest yield from I ₁₀₀ ×Se ₄ and the lowest from I ₅₀ ×Se ₄ . The highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents were found as 271.44 mg QE g‐1 and 64.62 mg QE g‐1, respectively, from the I ₁₀₀ ×Se ₂ . Selenium application increased mineral content under both irrigation levels. Overall, Se supplementation under limited irrigation (I ₅₀ ) alleviated water stress‐related negative effects, suggesting its potential for improving strawberry resilience to drought.

This review provides a summary of the most recent advancements in bioreactor systems, which have become more popular over the past few decades due to the outstanding qualities they offer for the creation of plant tissue and organ cultures in the laboratory as well as on a large scale. It provides a comprehensive discussion on the application of bioreactor systems in fruit cultivation as well as current research. This review presents a solution for researchers who are interested in the cultivation of diverse fruit species, as well as describes the methods that are used in the bioreactor system to propagate various fruit species.

Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa) is an industrially important species belonging to the Rosaceae family. Among the berries, its importance has been increasing in recent years, and it is called a “super fruit” due to its effects on health. The purpose of this study was to compare the in vitro propagation of the ‘Viking’ aronia cultivar via the PlantForm bioreactor system, known as the new generation, with that via the solid culture propagation method, a traditional tissue culture approach. MS nutrient medium and cytokinin (BAP, KIN) sources (1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mgL-1) were used in solid culture micropropagation and PlantForm bioreactor system trials. At the end of each subculture, the number of shoots (pcs/plantlet), plant height (cm), plant diameter (mm), number of leaves (pcs), plant fresh and dry weight (g) data, rooting rate (%), root number (pcs), root length (mm), plant height (cm), and root fresh and dry weight (g) data were examined in the micropropagation experiments in both systems. In terms of shoot vitality, the media containing KIN gave better results with 100% vitality rates in both systems. The PlantForm system yielded better plant height and fresh and dry weight results than the solid culture system. In fact, the highest value of 4.12 cm in plant height was obtained from MS+4.0 mgL-1 KIN+0.01 mgL-1 IAA medium. The best values in plant fresh and dry weight were determined in MS+2.0 mgL-1 BAP+0.01 mgL-1 IAA medium in the PlantForm system. In this study, the PlantForm bioreactor system was more effective for micropropagation than solid culture media.

The objective of this research endeavor is to present engineering data pertaining to the size and shape characteristics of strawberries, which have a wide range of applications in industry, and to obtain the data necessary for the development and design of product processing systems. In this study, standard strawberry varieties were utilized, and analyses were conducted by means of an image-processing method. The projection area (601.5–762.0 mm²), length (34.0 mm), width (28.6 mm) and surface area (28.6 cm²) of the strawberry samples were measured in the horizontal and vertical orientation, in order to ascertain their size characteristics. Furthermore, the sphericity (86.1%) and roundness (1.039–1.087) parameters were calculated for the shape characteristics, accordingly. The findings of the correlation analysis suggested that the size parameters of the fruits exerted no influence on fruit shape characteristics. In the elliptic Fourier analysis performed to reveal the shape differences in the fruit, the contour geometry of each fruit sample was extracted, the principal component (PC) scores describing the shape were obtained and the shape categories of the fruit were determined. Following the analysis of the PCs, it was determined that 90.77% of the total shape variance was explained by the first seven components. Consequently, the shape of the strawberry fruit was defined as a spherical cone. Following the implementation of a discriminant analysis in conjunction with a clustering process, which categorized the samples into seven distinct shape categories employing the k-means algorithm, an accuracy rate of 94.1% was achieved.