Introduction: The success of endodontic therapy is primarily determined by effective root canal obturation and complete bacterial eradication. Recently, bioceramic sealers have gained significant attention in root canal treatments due to their bioactive and biocompatible properties. This study aims to characterize a novel bioactive glass-based bioceramic sealer, utilizing X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to evaluate its bioactivity and hydroxyapatite-forming potential. Methodology: Characterization of the material involved XRD to identify crystalline phases, while FTIR was employed to detect functional groups. The synthesized powder was sieved and pressed into discs for FTIR analysis, with XRD analysis conducted on the sieved powder. Results: XRD analysis revealed nanoscale crystalline features, indicating a complex multiphase composition. FTIR identified silicate networks, hydroxyl groups, and carbonate species, supporting the material’s bioactivity and its potential to form hydroxyapatite. Conclusion: The bioactive glass-based bioceramic sealer shows strong potential for dental and orthopedic use. Its nanoscale crystalline structure and silicate network enhance bioactivity and mechanical strength, while hydroxyl and carbonate groups promote tissue integration and hydroxyapatite formation. Further in vivo and in vitro studies are needed to confirm its clinical effectiveness.

Objective: The primary objective of instrumentation during retreatment is to preserve the original curvature of the canal while removing gutta-percha. The current study assesses the canal transportation after retreatment with two different retreatment file systems. Materials and Methods: Sixty single-rooted teeth, extracted and decoronated, were obturated at a standardized root length of 16 mm. The samples were then divided into two groups, each comprising 20 single-rooted teeth. The instrumentation was performed using Solite RS3 Retreatment files for one group and ProTaper Retreatment files for the other. After both pre-operative and post-operative nano-CT scans, 3D reconstruction was conducted for analysis. Sections of the pre-operative and post-operative samples were taken at 7 mm, 5 mm, and 3 mm and 1 mm from the apex to calculate the canal transportation. Statistical analysis between the two groups was carried out using an independent t-test. Results: Solite RS3 retreatment files exhibited a statistically significant difference at all three levels (p < 0.05) when compared to ProTaper retreatment files, thus showing lesser canal transportation than the latter. Conclusion: Based on the above results, it can be concluded that Solite RS3 induced minimal canal transportation and resulted in a relatively centered preparation compared to the ProTaper Retreatment system. KEYWORDS Canal transportation; Nano-CT; Remaining dentin thickness; Retreatment; Solite RS3.

Background: Calcium hydroxide nanoparticles have been gathering increased attention in the field of biomedicine due to their potential in endodontic treatment and remineralisation abilities. The present study aims to synthesize calcium hydroxide nanoparticles using plant extracts of Phyllanthus emblica. Methodology: Calcium nitrate and sodium hydroxide solutions were used to produce calcium hydroxide solution was reduced to calcium hydroxide nanoparticles using Phyllanthus emblica extract. The prepared nanoparticles were then characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and Fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy Results: The prepared nanoparticles showed amorphous rod-shaped morphology in the SEM analysis. FTIR analysis showed the characteristic hydroxide peaks at 3000-500 cm-1. EDAX analysis showed the presence of calcium, carbon, and oxygen content in the prepared nanoparticles. Conclusion: Phyllanthus emblica extracts can be used for the synthesis of calcium carbonate nanoparticles, which have a promising avenue in the field of biomedical research. Further studies are necessary in order to develop these nano-particles into a product for clinical use.

Background: Vital pulp therapy aims to preserve pulp vitality by using biologically compatible materials with sufficient antimicrobial activity and low cytotoxicity. Poloxamer 407, a thermoresponsive polymer, has attracted interest as a potential carrier for pulp-capping formulations due to its favorable physical, chemical, and biological properties. Aim: To compare the antimicrobial effectiveness and cytotoxicity of a Poloxamer 407-based novel pulp-capping agent against Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis , with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Materials and Methods: A 20% w/v Poloxamer-407 hydrogel-containing Biodentine (Sample A) was prepared as the test formulation. Its antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and E. faecalis was assessed using the broth microdilution method to determine minimum inhibitory concentration and the agar disc diffusion assay to measure the zone of inhibition. Cytotoxicity was tested with an MTT assay. MTA served as the reference standard. Data analysis was performed using the one-way analysis of variance with significance set at P < 0.05. Results: The Poloxamer 407-based pulp capping agent showed dose-dependent antimicrobial activity, with greater inhibition of S. mutans than E. faecalis . Cytotoxicity results indicated similar cell viability between groups, demonstrating acceptable biocompatibility. Conclusion: The Poloxamer 407-based pulp capping agent showed improved antimicrobial activity with acceptable cytocompatibility, indicating potential as a pulp-capping material.

Cone Beam Computed Tomography is a diagnostic imaging modality that provides high quality, accurate three dimensional (3D) representations. CBCT in endodontics not only gives a three dimensional evaluation of the region of interest but also an appropriate resolution of images that help give a detailed analysis of the tooth and the surrounding alveolar anatomy. It aids in deciding the treatment plan in various fields of dentistry. CBCT has been proved as an essential diagnostic aid for endodontic practice. Since the use of ionizing radiation involves the patient’s and clinician’s safety, adequate knowledge about the appropriate usage of CBCT usage should be considered as a necessity. In endodontics, CBCT is a useful tool that helps in the diagnosis of apical periodontitis, resorptions, perforations, root canal morphology, traumatic injuries, voids. This survey was conducted among dentists. Online google forms were distributed of which 307 participants took part in the survey and the questionnaire contained 19 multiple choice questions, based on the demographic data, knowledge, attitude, practice regarding usage of CBCT in endodontics. On analysing the response to the questionnaire, it was found that the participants have overall good knowledge and were well versed regarding usage CBCT for endodontic procedures. This survey provides the reader with a clearer understanding of the appropriate and unwarranted usage of CBCT for endodontic practice. CBCT can be a powerful tool for endodontic diagnosis as well as in treatment planning and follow up.

Background/Objectives: Non-surgical retreatment aims to remove infected filling material, prepare the canal for disinfection, and re-obturate. This ex vivo study evaluated the residual filling material and dentin volume removed after retreatment using a rotary or reciprocating system. Methods: Twenty mesial roots of mandibular molars with two independent, straight canals were decoronated to a 16 mm working length and obturated. Pre-operative nano-CT scans measured the initial dentin and filling material volumes. Specimens were randomly assigned to two groups: Solite RE Black system (RE1-30/0.08; RE2-20/0.06) and WaveOne Gold—small file (20/0.07). Post-operative nano-CT scans were superimposed to calculate the remaining filling material and dentin volume removed. Data are presented as the mean ± SD, and groups were compared using independent t-tests. Results: Neither system completely removed the intracanal filling material. The mean residual filling material volume was 1.42 ± 0.21 mm³ (Solite RE Black) vs. 1.56 ± 0.27 mm³ (WaveOne Gold), representing approximately 14% vs. 16% of the initial filling material, respectively (p < 0.05). Mean dentin volume removed was 0.95 ± 0.18 mm³ vs. 1.12 ± 0.22 mm³, with no significant difference (p > 0.05). Conclusions: In single-rooted, straight canals, Solite RE Black removed more filling material than WaveOne Gold, while dentin loss was similar. These findings are specific to straight canals, and further studies are required for curved or multi-rooted teeth.