Background/Objectives: As a hyperaccumulator of selenium (Se), Cardamine violifolia (Cv) and its peptide extract could ameliorate the negative effects of a high-fat diet (HFD). However, the effects of the coaccumulation of cadmium (Cd) in Se-enriched Cv (Cv2) and the potential confounding effect on the roles of enriched Se remain unknown. We aimed to investigate whether Cv2 could alleviate HFD-induced lipid disorder and liver damage. Methods: Three groups of 31-week-old female mice were fed for 41 weeks (n = 10–12) with a control Cv-supplemented diet (Cv1D, 0.15 mg Se/kg, 30 µg Cd/kg, and 10% fat calories), a control Cv-supplemented HFD (Cv1HFD, 45% fat calories), and a Cv2-supplemented HFD (Cv2HFD, 1.5 mg Se/kg, 0.29 mg Cd/kg, and 45% fat calories). Liver and serum were collected to determine the element concentrations, markers of liver injury and lipid disorder, and mRNA and/or protein expression of lipid metabolism factors, heavy metal detoxification factors, and selenoproteins. Results: Both Cv1HFD and Cv2HFD induced obesity, and Cv2HFD downregulated Selenoi and upregulated Dio3 compared with Cv1D. When comparing Cv2HFD against Cv1HFD, Cv2 increased the liver Se and Cd, the protein abundance of Selenoh, and the mRNA abundance of 10 selenoproteins; reduced the serum TG, TC, and AST; reduced the liver TG, lipid droplets, malondialdehyde, and mRNA abundance of Mtf1 and Mt2; and differentially regulated the mRNA levels of lipid metabolism factors. Conclusions: Cv2 alleviated HFD-induced lipid dysregulation and liver damage, which was probably associated with its unique Se speciation. However, further research is needed to explore the interaction of plant-coenriched Se and Cd and its effects on health.

Background: Iodine deficiency during pregnancy remains a leading cause of preventable neurodevelopmental impairment worldwide, yet quantitative characterization of the dose–response relationship between maternal iodine status and child neurodevelopment is lacking. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was conducted for prospective cohort studies published up to February 2026 reporting associations between maternal iodine status and child neurodevelopmental outcomes across at least three exposure categories. All continuous effect estimates were converted to standardized mean differences (Hedges’ g) to permit pooling across heterogeneous assessment instruments, and meta-analyses were stratified by neurodevelopmental domain (cognitive, language, motor, behavior, academic). A two-stage dose–response meta-analysis was used to characterize non-linearity. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Results: Ten prospective cohort publications corresponding to eight independent cohorts were included. After converting all continuous effect estimates to standardized mean differences (Hedges’ g) and consolidating the three overlapping MoBa publications into a single cohort, the pooled analysis revealed a significant negative association between suboptimal maternal iodine status and child neurodevelopmental performance (Hedges’ g = −0.13, 95% CI: −0.20 to −0.06, p < 0.001; I² = 95.2%). Domain-stratified analysis identified cognitive outcomes as most consistently affected (g = −0.22, 95% CI: −0.30 to −0.14; I² = 37.5%), followed by motor (g = −0.17; I² = 0%) and language outcomes (g = −0.16; I² = 92.5%), with between-domain heterogeneity explaining 38.6% of the total variance (p = 0.012). Binary outcome analysis confirmed increased odds of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.39, p = 0.026). Subgroup analysis by iodine exposure indicator showed directionally consistent negative effects across dietary intake (g = −0.11), UIC (g = −0.11) and UI/Cr (g = −0.28), with no significant between-subgroup difference (p = 0.237). Exploratory dose–response modeling on the Hedges’ g scale suggested that neurodevelopmental performance in the fitted curves approached its maximum within a mid-range of dietary iodine intake (approximately 150–300 µg/d); however, the quadratic non-linearity terms did not reach statistical significance after cohort consolidation (p = 0.612 for dietary intake; p = 0.436 for UI/Cr), and these findings should therefore be interpreted as exploratory. Conclusions: Suboptimal maternal iodine status during pregnancy was associated with modest decrements in child neurodevelopmental performance, with exploratory dose–response analyses suggesting that the fitted curves approached their maximum within a mid-range of dietary iodine intake. Although statistical evidence for quadratic non-linearity was attenuated after consolidating overlapping cohorts, the directional pattern across indicators remained consistent with an inverted U-shaped relationship, supporting maintenance of adequate but not excessive iodine nutrition during pregnancy.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading global pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection, posing significant risks to infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients. Artemisia argyi Levl.et Vant Extract (AALE) and its active components have a variety of pharmacological effects, but their anti-RSV potential remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-RSV activity of AALE and parthenolide and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to determine the anti-RSV activities of AALE and parthenolide. Time-of-addition assay and phase of action analysis were used to explore the effect of drugs on the viral replication cycle. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRCR), immunofluorescence (IF) and Western blot (WB) were used to investigate the effects of AALE and parthenolide on RSV-F gene and protein and on RIG-I/TLR-3 pathway related molecules in vitro. In vivo antiviral efficacy was verified by hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining for lung histopathology, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) quantification of RSV-F, RIG-I, TLR-3, IRF3, IL-6, and IFN-β gene expression in lung tissues, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for serum IL-6 and IFN-β levels. Results: AALE exhibited the strongest anti-RSV activity among the extracts (SI = 27.6), while parthenolide was the most potent monomeric compound (SI = 8.19). In vitro, both AALE and parthenolide were effective in the co-treatment and post-treatment models, reducing RSV-F gene and F protein levels in infected cells. Furthermore, they alleviated RSV infection by regulating RIG-I and TLR-3 pathway-related genes and proteins. In vivo, AALE and parthenolide suppressed lung index and RSV proliferation, attenuated lung injury, and down-regulated RIG-I, TLR-3, IRF3, IL-6, and IFN-β expression in the lungs of RSV-infected mice. Conclusions: AALE and its component parthenolide can inhibit the invasion and replication of RSV, making it a potential candidate for the treatment of RSV-related diseases.