One of the least common forms of Müllerian anomalies is Herlyn–Werner–Wunderlich syndrome (HWWS), characterized by uterus didelphys, obstructed hemi-vagina, and ipsilateral renal agenesis (OHVIRA)....

Background: Evaluation of the fallopian tubes are important for infertile patients. The two most important diagnostic procedures used to evaluate tubal patency are hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy. Objectives: To asses the hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy results of patients diagnosed with infertility and investigate the diagnostic value of hysterosalpingography in patients with tubal factor infertility. Methods: The hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy results of 208 patients who presented to the Obstetrics and Gyne- cology Clinic at Dicle University, Faculty of Medicine between January 2014- January 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. Hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy results were compared with regard to the investigation of the presence of tubal obstruction and of the pelvic structures that could cause tubal obstruction. The specificity, sensitivity, positive, and negative predictive values of hysterosalpingography were computed. Results: The number of patients evaluated was 208. The ratio of primary infertile patients was 57.2% and 42.8% was secondary infertile. Hysterosalpingography was found to have a specificity of 64.6%, the sensitivity of 81.3%, the positive predictive value of 56.4%, and a negative predictive value of 86% in the determination of tubal obstruction. Conclusion: Patients with suspected tubal infertility can primarily be examined using hysterosalpingography in considera- tion of the invasive nature and the higher complication rate of laparoscopy. Keywords: Infertility; hysterosalpingography; laparoscopy; tubal factor.

Objectives: To determine the premalignancy and malignancy prevalence in patients diagnosed with endometrial polyps and to investigate factors affecting premalignancy and malignancy. Methods: In our retrospective study, patients who were diagnosed with endometrial polyp with endometrial samples and who underwent polypectomy by hysteroscopy or hysterectomy within one year were included. Results: Premalignant / malignant histopathological results were detected in 7 (2.8%) patients. There were no statistically significant differences in histopathological results and endometrial sampling indications between premenopausal and postmenopausal patients. Hysterectomy in patients with premalignant/ malignant results and hysteroscopy in patients with benign results were found to be significantly different. There was not a statistically significant difference between patients with benign results and those with premalignant/malignant results in menopausal status, symptoms, status of hormone replacement therapy and endometrial polyp size. Conclusion: The possibility of premalignant/ malignant results in patients diagnosed with endometrial polyps should be kept in mind. The menopausal status, symptoms, sizes of endometrial polyps and whether or not the patient is on hormone replacement therapy should be considered while making the management plan. However, these should not be the decisive factors on their own. Keywords: Endometrial polyp; premalignancy; malignancy; hysteroscopy; hysterectomy; endometrial sampling.

Around 70 percent of cases of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) etiology remain unexplained. The aim of our study is to contribute to the etiology and genetic background of POI. A total of 37 POI patients and 30 women in the reproductive period were included in this prospective, case-control study between August 2020 and December 2021. The women were examined for 36 genes with next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel. Gene variations were detected in 59.5 percent of the patients in the case group. FSHR p.S680N (rs6166, c.2039 G>A) and FSHR p.A307T (rs6165, c.919 G>A) gene variants, which are most frequently located in exon 10 of the FSHR gene, were detected in both groups. Although it was not found that these gene variants were significantly different between the groups, it was also found that they were significantly different in POI patients under 30 years of age and in those with a family history of POI. Variations were detected in 12 genes in POI patients. Two gene variants (FGFR1 [c.386A>C, rs765615419] and KISS1 [c.58 G>A, rs12998]) were detected in both groups, and the remaining gene variants were detected only in POI patients. No differences were detected between the groups in terms of gene variations. However, the gene variations detected only in POI patients may play a role in the etiology of POI.

Objectives: To compare preoperatively, intraoperatively and postoperatively the maternal and ne-onatal outcomes of normal-weight, obese and morbid obese pregnant women who delivered by cesarean section in our clinic. Methods: This study retrospectively included 151 singleton pregnancies delivered at ≥37 weeks of gestation by cesarean section. Demographic, clinical and neonatal results of the patients were not-ed and compared between the groups. Results: Among the pregnant women included in this study, length of postoperative hospital stay and presence of chronic diseases were determined to be significantly higher in the morbid obese group compared with other groups (p<0.05). In the morbid obese group, the average infant birth weight and the number of infants monitored due to respiratory distress as a neonatal complication were determined to be significantly higher (p<0.05). The presence of pregnancy complications, particularly the presence of gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia were found to be signif-icantly higher in the morbid obese group (p<0.05). Conclusions: We determined that the incidence of maternal and neonatal complications increases as the body mass index (BMI) increases. Therefore, it is evident that monitoring the BMI and pre-venting obesity would be effective in avoiding complications.

Background: Myoma uteri has a high incidence, particularly during the reproductive years, and represents the most common indication for hysterectomy. In this retrospective study, we aimed to investigate the incidence of uterine sarcoma, smooth muscle tumor of unknown malignant potential (STUMP), and benign myoma variants in the histopathological examination of patients undergoing surgery for myoma uteri and to contribute to the existing literature. Methods: Between January 2013 and January 2023, 504 patients who underwent hysterectomy or myomectomy for myoma uteri at our hospital were included in this study. Demographic and clinical findings of the patients, accompanying chronic diseases, previous operation history, presenting complaints, cytology (Pap smear) results, myoma size as determined by ultrasonography, endometrial sampling results, blood tests, operation type, final pathology results, and presence of malignancy were retrospectively analyzed from our database. In 39 patients with STUMP, age, marital status, body mass index (BMI), gravidity, parity, abortion history, comorbidities, surgical history, Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) status, fibroid size, and endometrial biopsy results were analyzed individually. Results: The STUMP detection rate was 7.7% (n = 39), which may be related to regional demographic characteristics and the tertiary referral nature of our institution. No statistically significant associations were identified between histopathological outcomes and the following variables: patient age, menopausal status, tumor size, number of myomas, surgical approach, and preoperative imaging findings. Conclusion: Although most uterine leiomyomas are benign, only a small number of tumors with potential clinical significance, such as STUMP, can be detected. Since this situation cannot be predicted in the preoperative evaluation, that is, demographic and clinical data, pathological evaluation should be performed in patients diagnosed with leiomyoma. Surgical planning should be performed carefully, especially in patients with a desire for fertility, and STUMP cases should be followed closely.