The introduction of information technology into all aspects of our lives has brought forth qualitative and quantitative changes on such a large scale that this process has come to be known as the Fourth Industrial Revolution, or Industry 4.0. The aim of this paper is to fill in the gaps and provide an overview of studies dealing with Industry 4.0 from the business and economic perspectives. A scoping review is performed regarding business, microeconomic and macroeconomic economic problems. Four investigators performed a literature search of the Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct. The selected period spanned from 2014 to 2018, and the following keywords were used for the search: Industry 4.0, economics, economic development, production economics, and financial sector. A total of 2275 results were returned. In all, 67 full papers were screened. Results obtained from the relevant studies were, furthermore, divided into the following categories: work and skills development; economy growth and macroeconomic aspect; sustainability; intelligent manufacturing; policy; and change in business processes. Findings show that the aspects of work and skills development, smart technology adoption, intelligent manufacturing, and digitalization are very well described. The government and its policies usually play the role of a needed supportive element. Usually studies lack a coherent view of the topic in question and solve partial questions.

This paper is focused on retail core banking services market in the Czech Republic. There are presented the data analysis outcomes from expert web-system for client’s bank costs computation and real-time bank offer comparison. Using nonhierarchical cluster analysis there are identified 5 client profiles by specific frequencies of bank services usage. Paper reveals that among the e-banking population there are expectable clusters so the unexpected cluster small businessmen that are not supposed to use retail products and cluster of strong desk usage preference clients by contrast to activated e-banking

The aim of the paper is to provide a recent overview of Kalman filter employment in the non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment (NAIRU) estimation. The NAIRU plays a key part in an economic system. A certain unemployment rate which is consistent with a stable rate of inflation is one of the conditions for economic system stability. Since the NAIRU cannot be directly observed and measured, it is one of the most fitting problems for the Kalman filter application. The search for original, NAIRU focused and Kalman filter employment studies was performed in three scientific databases: Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. A sample of 152 papers was narrowed down to 25 studies, which were described in greater detail regarding the focus, methods, model features, limitations, and other characteristics. A group of studies using a purely statistical approach of decomposing unemployment into a trend and cyclical component was identified. The next group uses the reduced-form approach which is sometimes combined with statistical decomposition. In such cases, the models are usually based on the backward-looking Phillips curve. Nevertheless, the forward-looking, New Keynesian or rarely hybrid New Keynesian variant can also be encountered.

Addressing the urgent issues of climate change, resource scarcity, and environmental deterioration necessitates a shift toward a circular economy. However, there is a lack of research on the circumstances under which technological advancements influence the circular economy. This study explores the connection between technological innovation and the circular economy in the context of OECD economies, emphasizing the moderating effects of regulatory environment, human capital, and technological capacity. Utilizing the endogenous growth theory, we develop and evaluate a model using annual data from 37 OECD countries comprising 692 country-year observations from 2000 to 2022. Employing a panel fixed-effects regression model with Driscoll-Kraay standard errors, instrumental variable estimation, and quantile regression, our findings based on the instrumental variable model indicate that technological innovation is positively and significantly associated with the circular economy indicator, indicating deteriorating circular performance as patenting activities increase. Although the quadratic term is negative and statistically significant, the marginal effects remain positive across the observed range, revealing a concave relationship in which the adverse environmental effects of technological innovation persist but diminish in magnitude at higher levels of technological innovation. The results further show that technological capacity positively moderates the relationship between technological innovation and the circular economy, whereas human capital has a negative moderating effect. Finally, environmental regulation strengthens the positive impact of technological innovation on a circular economy. The findings differ across the fixed effects and quantile regression models, highlighting the context-specific nature of the results and the importance of addressing endogeneity and distributional effects. Our results contribute to the theoretical understanding of the interplay between technological innovation and the circular economy, underscoring the significance of contextual factors. Practical implications for policymakers and businesses include prioritizing funding programs and incentives for sustainable technologies, monitoring innovation efforts, and creating a supportive regulatory landscape that encourages circular economy practices, while minimizing bureaucratic barriers.

After joining the European Union, the market economy continued to drive structural changes in meat production and processing. Unfortunately, the functioning of meat markets was impacted by several threats with significant adverse influence. Phenomena such as the spread of ASF disease, the United Kingdom's exit from the European Union or the Covid-19 epidemic added instability to the already cyclical pork market. The study aims to evaluate the functioning of Poland’s pork market and to identify the main trend in this market. Livestock and pork meat production in Poland form a significant economic sector; however, it creates considerable environmental challenges. The study focuses on key aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, water usage, feed consumption, and waste management. The study covers the years 2004-2021, i.e., the period of seventeen years after Poland's accession to the European Union. The statistical data analysis methods showed four to three-year cycles in pork live stock with a decreasing amplitude over time and high and relatively stable domestic demand for pork. This provides a favourable foundation for future production direction. However, the systematic changes in the structure of meat consumption and price development led to a steady increase in the share of poultry meat at the expense of pork and bovine during the observed year span.