Introduction. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic immune-inflammatory pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract. This study focuses on the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the morphological diagnosis of IBD, endoscopic visualization, outcome prediction, and patient monitoring. Aim: To summarize data on the application of AI methods in the diagnosis and treatment of IBD, including digital image analysis, remission prediction, inflammation activity evaluation, and the automation of histological and endoscopic assessment processes. Materials and methods. Modern studies on the use of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) technologies in the diagnosis of IBD were analyzed. Special attention was paid to histological image processing methods, neural network algorithms for inflammation staging, and the use of AI for real-time endoscopic visualization. Results. AI technologies provide more accurate and objective determination of histological inflammation activity using Geboes, Nancy, and Robarts indices. Deep neural networks (CNN) enable automatic classification of inflammation stages and the detection of residual inflammation, which is critical for preventing relapses and reducing colorectal cancer risk. Endocytoscopy and real-time visualization algorithms improve the accuracy of early detection of mucosal dysplasia. Neural networks and other ML algorithms demonstrate high sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing CD from UC and assessing histological remission. Conclusion. AI is becoming an integral part of IBD diagnostics, enhancing the accuracy of morphological studies, optimizing endoscopic methods, and reducing error rates. Integrating AI into clinical practice expands treatment possibilities, including personalized approaches and long-term patient monitoring.

In recent years, regenerative medicine technologies, especially tissue engineering, have been increasingly used in dental implant surgeries. This review examines the main bioengineering trends that contribute to the success and longevity of dental implants. Since traditional implantation methods often face problems associated with insufficient integration of the implant into the alveolar bone tissue, innovative approaches such as the use of modified biomaterials, stem cells and growth factors open new horizons for improving clinical outcomes. Particular attention is paid to the development of multifunctional biomaterials that promote bone-tissue regeneration and improve osseointegration. Methods aimed at creating three-dimensional structures that imitate natural tissues are also considered. The review emphasizes an interdisciplinary approach that integrates knowledge from biology, engineering, and dentistry, which, in turn, facilitates the creation of individualized treatment strategies. In conclusion, this review highlights the importance of further research in tissue engineering to achieve higher standards in dental implantation and patient quality of life.

The review summarizes the disparate data on the prevalence of bone defects and the need for bone graft materials. Data from publicly available sources has been analyzed. Parallels have been drawn between the structure of the prevalence of bone lesions and the volume of the market for bone graft materials. An approximation of the demand for bone graft materials in Russia is given.

Background/Objectives: Alveolitis, or “dry socket,” is a common complication after tooth extraction, associated with pain, inflammation and delayed healing. Standard surgical treatments are often invasive and insufficient. Laser therapy offers antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of 980 nm monolaser therapy and 980 nm and 1550 nm dual-wavelength therapy on alveolar socket healing in a rabbit model. Methods: In vitro tests evaluated bactericidal effects of 980 nm laser exposure. Eighteen adult male chinchilla rabbits underwent the extraction of the first incisors with the prevention of clot formation to model alveolar socket healing. On day 3, animals were randomized to three groups: mechanical curettage and antiseptic irrigation, 980 nm diode laser therapy, or combined 980 nm + 1550 nm therapy. Clinical parameters (hyperemia, edema, pain, socket closure) were assessed up to day 7. Histological and microbiological analyses were performed on days 7 and 12. Results: Laser therapy showed superior outcomes compared to mechanical treatment. In vitro, 980 nm exposure eradicated microorganisms after 3 s. By day 7, hyperemia decreased to 0.7 ± 0.6 points in the dual-laser group, versus 2.0 ± 0.0 (980 nm) and 3.0 ± 0.0 (mechanical). Complete socket closure occurred in 33% with mechanical treatment and in 67% of sites in the dual-laser group. Pain was fully resolved only after dual-laser therapy. Histology confirmed more organized granulation tissue and angiogenesis in the dual-laser group. Conclusions: Dual-wavelength laser therapy demonstrated superior anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and regenerative effects compared with diode monotherapy and mechanical treatment. These findings highlight its promise as a minimally invasive approach for managing alveolitis, warranting further clinical evaluation.

Objective. Detailed study of the morphological characteristics of autoimmune gastritis (AIG), assessment of the possibilities and prospects for morphological diagnosis of this disease. Material and methods. The study included 63 patients with AIG and 25 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis, who were examined in the clinics of Sechenov University from 2021 to 2023. Results. During the study, it was found that in biopsies of the antrum of the stomach in 90.5% of patients with AIG predominated mild inactive inflammation (p<0.001), hyperplasia of smooth muscle cells and foveolar cells line were observed in 20.6% of cases (p=0.009), indicating reactive gastropathy. Moderate inflammation was found in the stomach body in 77% of cases, in 100% — atrophy of gastric glands, in 92% — pseudopyloric metaplasia (p<0.001). When evaluated on the OLGA scale, 79.4% of patients had grade II atrophy, when using the OLGIM scale, 66.7% of patients had grade I, when comparing the stages of OLGA and OLGIM, in 88.9% of cases, the values of the stages were lower in the last school. Conclusion. The most frequently detected morphological criteria of AIG were: complete or partial loss of major glands; widespread pseudopyloric metaplasia; the presence of foci of complete intestinal metaplasia (less than 30% of the area of biopsies); increased density of inflammatory infiltrate in the basal sections of biopsies with the formation of lymphoid nodules and hyperplasia of neuroendocrine cells. There was no correlation between AIG and H. pylori infection (p<0.001). The use of the atrophy assessment system according to the OLGA international protocol demonstrated advantages over the OLGIM system, which underestimated the degree of atrophy.

Gingival recession is a common clinical condition that leads to aesthetic dissatisfaction and dental hypersensitivity. Traditional surgical methods for soft tissue augmentation, while effective, are often invasive and require harvesting autogenous grafts. The search for minimally invasive alternatives has led to growing interest in injectable collagen-based biomaterials. Aim — to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of a xenogeneic collagen gel, “Collost,” for increasing soft tissue volume in the treatment of multiple gingival recessions. A 42-year-old female patient with multiple gingival recessions in the maxillary anterior region was treated. After initial professional hygiene, a 7% bovine collagen gel was injected into the soft tissues adjacent to the recessions according to a precise protocol, involving multiple injection points per tooth. A second injection was performed after 1 month to consolidate the result. Clinical outcomes were assessed immediately, at 2 weeks, and over a 12-month follow-up period. The procedure resulted in a significant increase in soft tissue volume and the elimination of gingival recessions, with a stable aesthetic outcome observed throughout the 12-month follow-up period. No adverse events, such as allergic reactions, inflammation, or material rejection, were reported. The protocol demonstrated good patient tolerance and a high safety profile. The use of xenogeneic collagen gel “Collost” is an effective and safe minimally invasive method for soft tissue augmentation in the treatment of gingival recessions. It provides a stable long-term result and represents a promising alternative to more invasive surgical techniques.