In this article, we thoroughly examine the progress of polymer nanocomposites in laser treatment and their properties. The use of CNTs (carbon nanotubes) with polymer materials enhances the properties of polymers, such as mechanical, thermal, and electrical. In this short review, different types of lasers used for the treatment of CNTs polymer nanocomposite are analyzed. Furthermore, this study has extensively investigated the variations in nanocomposites' properties observed by a variety of researchers. The effectiveness of lasers on the surface properties of CNT polymer nanocomposite is also described.

This manuscript investigates the effect of MWCNT addition on the morphological and water absorption properties of bio-based polyester nanocomposites made from PLA and PBS. The nanocomposites were produced by the melt-mixing method using a twin-screw extruder. An analysis of the percentage by mass of water absorbed was used to determine the absorption properties of polyesters. The addition of MWCNTs to the polyester matrix is a big challenge because agglomerated MWCNTs can introduce micro-voids and defects that act as a channel for water permeation. The SEM images show that the polyester fracture surface becomes rough with several voids after the addition of MWCNTs. The water absorption properties of bio-based polyesters such as PBS show significant changes (an increase of 185%) compared to pure PBS. These findings reveal that the addition of MWCNTs in a small amount (1 wt%) affects the morphology and water absorption capacity of bio-based polyesters.

This work investigates the effect of recycling on the rheological and thermal properties of petroleum-based polyester nanocomposites. PET and PBT are used widely in the automobile and packaging industries, and there is a growing need for effective ways to utilize recycled polyesters. The melt mixing method was used to prepare the nanocomposites using a twin-screw extruder. After recycling, the rheological properties of the PBT nanocomposite remained stable, as the degradation of PBT chain was low due to the presence of MWCNT and molecular chain flexibility. In contrast, the complex viscosity of PET recycled nanocomposite decreases significantly because the high processing temperature of 280 °C led to substantial polymer chain scission and network breakdown. Due to the presence of MWCNT, PET and PBT nanocomposites show higher thermal stability than pure and recycled nanocomposites. The recycling of PET and PBT nanocomposites demonstrated potent thermal stability under inert and air/oxidative atmospheres. These results indicate that the effect of recycling strongly depends on the polymer matrix: while PET-based nanocomposites exhibit notable reductions in rheological properties after recycling, PBT-based nanocomposites retain stable rheological and thermal performance due to MWCNT reinforcement. The enhancement in this research could make the recycled materials valuable for the automotive industry.

This review comparatively analyzed MWCNT-reinforced thermoplastic polyester nanocomposites based on petroleum-derived (PET, PBT) and bio-based (PLA, PBS) matrices, focusing on processing methods, mechanical performance, thermal stability, electrical behavior, and recyclability. Optimal MWCNT loadings typically ranged from 0.3 to 3 wt.%; higher loadings induced nanotube agglomeration and deteriorated properties due to poor dispersion and stress concentration. Melt mixing, solution blending, direct compounding, and in situ polymerization were evaluated, and their influence on dispersion quality, interfacial bonding, and scalable manufacturability was discussed. PET exhibited the largest improvements in mechanical and thermal performance (tensile strength and modulus increases >300% in optimized systems); acid or compatibilizer functionalization of MWCNT improved PET thermal stability by approximately 20–50 °C and promoted heterogeneous nucleation. PBT reached optimal reinforcement at 0.3–1 wt.% MWCNT, yielding tensile strength increases up to ~57% alongside increased crystallinity and faster crystallization kinetics. PLA generally showed reduced tensile strength after MWCNT addition unless compatibilized (e.g., via plasticizers or grafting), whereas PBS consistently gained strength, modulus, and crystallinity but experienced reductions in ductility. Electrical percolation thresholds varied widely (0.25–14 wt.%), demonstrating that dispersion quality, nanotube functionalization, and processing route governed conductivity and percolation behavior more than matrix chemistry. Recyclability and circular economy aspects were assessed: while PET/MWCNT systems showed promise for mechanical recycling and property recovery, data on repeated reprocessing, CNT structural integrity, and long-term electrical performance were scarce; PBT recycling studies were limited, and PBS/PLA recycling with retained conductive networks remained underexplored. Based on the comparative analysis, key limitations, critical research gaps, and practical recommendations for processing, compatibilization, and end-of-life evaluation were identified to guide future work aimed at enhancing both performance and sustainability of polyester/MWCNT nanocomposites.