Critical mineral resources (CMRs) are essential for emerging high-tech industries and are geopolitically significant, prompting countries to pursue resource exploration and development. Tibetan geothermal systems, recognized for their CMR potential, have not yet been systematically evaluated. This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the spatial distributions, resource flux, reserves, and resource effects of CMRs, integrating and analyzing hydrochemical and discharge flow rate data. Geochemical findings reveal significant enrichment of lithium (Li), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), and boron (B) in the spring waters and sediments, primarily located along the Yarlung Zangbo suture and north–south rift zones. Resource flux estimates include approximately 246 tons of Li, 54 tons of Rb, 233 tons of Cs, and 2747 tons of B per year, underscoring the mineral potential of the geothermal spring waters. Additionally, over 40,000 tons of Cs reserves are preserved in siliceous sinters in Tagejia, Gulu, and Semi. The Tibetan geothermal systems thus demonstrate considerable potential for CMRs, especially Cs, through stable discharge and widespread distribution, also serving as indicators for endogenous mineral exploration and providing potential sources for lithium in exogenous salt lakes. This study evaluates the CMR potential of the Tibetan geothermal systems, advancing CMR exploration while contributing to the future security of CMR supplies.

In response to the current issue of poor modeling performance of Building Information Modeling for building models, a new Building Information Modeling based on an improved region growth algorithm is proposed. This method improves the region growth algorithm by introducing machine learning technology, and utilizes the improved algorithm to perfect the building model, thereby improving the efficiency of Building Information Modeling. The performance comparison experiment of the improved algorithm shows that its accuracy is 92.3%, respectively, which are lower than the comparison algorithm. Subsequent empirical analysis found that the robustness rating of the renovated building with the new Building Information Modeling was 94.06, significantly higher than the traditional model. The above results indicate that the new Building Information Modeling proposed in the study has high efficiency and accuracy in building reinforcement and renovation. This method can provide a new solution and idea for the field of building reinforcement and renovation.

This paper studies bounded hereditary load transfer in a perfectly bonded two-phase solid in which an elastic constraint acts in parallel with a creep-active fractional-Maxwell phase. Compatibility and equilibrium reduce the two-phase problem to a scalar Caputo equation governed by the memory order α , characteristic time τ , and stiffness invariant κ = K v ∕ ( K e + K v ) . The reduction has the transfer structure of a fractional standard linear solid; the contribution is therefore not a new hereditary kernel but a phase-resolved mechanics interpretation that maps κ to geometry and instantaneous phase stiffnesses and distinguishes physical total load from an auxiliary effective input. We establish a unique continuous mild solution and a unique absolutely continuous Caputo solution, derive the Mittag–Leffler response, and prove boundedness, concavity and monotone phase-load transfer. The deformation ceiling is fixed by κ , whereas the approach depends jointly on α , τ and κ through τ eff = τ ∕ ( 1 − κ ) 1 ∕ α . A Laplace-domain construction for compatible finite Fourier loads gives the physical total-load transfer function and the sharp bound 1 ≤ | H N ( iω ) | ≤ 1 ∕ ( 1 − κ ) . A reproducible 168-case sensitivity sweep shows that logarithmic observation times improve local conditioning in 147 cases, but not universally. An illustrative concrete-filled steel-tube calculation interpolates two non-trivial selected observations by construction, with zero residual degrees of freedom, and is explicitly treated as an instantiation rather than as predictive validation. The model thus provides a bounded, inspectable analytical benchmark for constrained hereditary solids.