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Dr. Jonatan Ruiz
PROFITH Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Crta Alfacar s/n. 18011. Granada, Spain

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0 Exercise
0 Obesity
0 energy metabolism
0 Brown adipose tissue
0 Cardiovascular disease risk factors

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Exercise
Obesity
Brown adipose tissue
Cardiovascular disease risk factors
energy metabolism

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Randomized control trials
Published: 24 August 2021 in Clinical Nutrition
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Summary Background Harnessing cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity has been proposed as a means of counteracting a positive energy balance, and thus of combating obesity and its related comorbidities. However, it has remained unclear whether CIT and BAT activity show diurnal variation in humans - knowledge that might allow treatments based on these factors to be time-optimized. Methods A randomized crossover experiment was designed to examine whether CIT shows morning/evening variation in young, healthy adults (n = 14, 5 women). On the first experimental day, subjects' shivering thresholds were determined following a cooling protocol. After ≈96 h had elapsed, the subjects then returned on two further days (approx. 48 h apart) at 08:00 h or 18:00 in random order. On both the latter days, the resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured before the subjects underwent personalized cold exposure (i.e., according to their shivering threshold). CIT was then assessed for 60 min by indirect calorimetry. In an independent cross-sectional study (n = 133, 88 women), subjects came to the laboratory between 8:00 and 18:00 h and their BAT 18F-fluordeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake was assessed after personalized cold stimulation. Results Both the REE and CIT were similar in the morning and evening (all P > 0.05). Indeed, 60 min of personalized-mild cold exposure in the morning or evening elicited a similar change in energy expenditure (16.8 ± 12.8 vs. 15.7 ± 15.1% increase above REE, P = 0.72). BAT 18F-FDG uptake was also similar in the morning, evening and afternoon (all P > 0.05). Conclusion CIT does not appear to show morning/evening variation in young health adults, with the current study design and methodology. BAT 18F-FDG uptake appears not to change across the day either, although experiments with a within-subject study design are needed to confirm these findings. Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT02365129.

ACS Style

Francisco M. Acosta; Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado; Borja Martinez-Tellez; Juan M.A. Alcantara; Jose M. Llamas-Elvira; Jonatan R. Ruiz. Diurnal variations of cold-induced thermogenesis in young, healthy adults: A randomized crossover trial. Clinical Nutrition 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Francisco M. Acosta, Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado, Borja Martinez-Tellez, Juan M.A. Alcantara, Jose M. Llamas-Elvira, Jonatan R. Ruiz. Diurnal variations of cold-induced thermogenesis in young, healthy adults: A randomized crossover trial. Clinical Nutrition. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francisco M. Acosta; Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado; Borja Martinez-Tellez; Juan M.A. Alcantara; Jose M. Llamas-Elvira; Jonatan R. Ruiz. 2021. "Diurnal variations of cold-induced thermogenesis in young, healthy adults: A randomized crossover trial." Clinical Nutrition , no. : 1.

Review
Published: 23 August 2021 in Journal of Clinical Medicine
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We comprehensively assessed the criterion-related validity of existing field-based fitness tests used to indicate adult health (19–64 years, with no known pathologies). The medical electronic databases MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Web of Science (all databases) were screened for studies published up to July 2020. Each original study’s methodological quality was classified as high, low and very low, according to the number of participants, the description of the study population, statistical analysis and systematic reviews which were appraised via the AMSTAR rating scale. Three evidence levels were constructed (strong, moderate and limited evidence) according to the number of studies and the consistency of the findings. We identified 101 original studies (50 of high quality) and five systematic reviews examining the criterion-related validity of field-based fitness tests in adults. Strong evidence indicated that the 20 m shuttle run, 1.5-mile, 12 min run/walk, YMCA step, 2 km walk and 6 min walk test are valid for estimating cardiorespiratory fitness; the handgrip strength test is valid for assessing hand maximal isometric strength; and the Biering–Sørensen test to evaluate the endurance strength of hip and back muscles; however, the sit-and reach test, and its different versions, and the toe-to-touch test are not valid for assessing hamstring and lower back flexibility. We found moderate evidence supporting that the 20 m square shuttle run test is a valid test for estimating cardiorespiratory fitness. Other field-based fitness tests presented limited evidence, mainly due to few studies. We developed an evidence-based proposal of the most valid field-based fitness tests in healthy adults aged 19–64 years old.

ACS Style

Jose Castro-Piñero; Nuria Marin-Jimenez; Jorge R. Fernandez-Santos; Fatima Martin-Acosta; Victor Segura-Jimenez; Rocio Izquierdo-Gomez; Jonatan R. Ruiz; Magdalena Cuenca-Garcia. Criterion-Related Validity of Field-Based Fitness Tests in Adults: A Systematic Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2021, 10, 3743 .

AMA Style

Jose Castro-Piñero, Nuria Marin-Jimenez, Jorge R. Fernandez-Santos, Fatima Martin-Acosta, Victor Segura-Jimenez, Rocio Izquierdo-Gomez, Jonatan R. Ruiz, Magdalena Cuenca-Garcia. Criterion-Related Validity of Field-Based Fitness Tests in Adults: A Systematic Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10 (16):3743.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jose Castro-Piñero; Nuria Marin-Jimenez; Jorge R. Fernandez-Santos; Fatima Martin-Acosta; Victor Segura-Jimenez; Rocio Izquierdo-Gomez; Jonatan R. Ruiz; Magdalena Cuenca-Garcia. 2021. "Criterion-Related Validity of Field-Based Fitness Tests in Adults: A Systematic Review." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 16: 3743.

Original investigation
Published: 27 July 2021 in Cardiovascular Diabetology
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Background Succinate is produced by both host and microbiota, with a key role in the interplay of immunity and metabolism and an emerging role as a biomarker for inflammatory and metabolic disorders in middle-aged adults. The relationship between plasma succinate levels and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in young adults is unknown. Methods Cross-sectional study in 100 (65% women) individuals aged 18–25 years from the ACTIvating Brown Adipose Tissue through Exercise (ACTIBATE) study cohort. CVD risk factors, body composition, dietary intake, basal metabolic rate, and cardiorespiratory fitness were assessed by routine methods. Plasma succinate was measured with an enzyme-based assay. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) was evaluated by positron emission tomography, and circulating oxylipins were assessed by targeted metabolomics. Fecal microbiota composition was analyzed in a sub-sample. Results Individuals with higher succinate levels had higher levels of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass (+ 42.5%), triglycerides (+ 63.9%), C-reactive protein (+ 124.2%), diastolic blood pressure (+ 5.5%), and pro-inflammatory omega-6 oxylipins than individuals with lower succinate levels. Succinate levels were also higher in metabolically unhealthy individuals than in healthy overweight/obese peers. Succinate levels were not associated with BAT volume or activity or with fecal microbiota composition and diversity. Conclusions Plasma succinate levels are linked to a specific pro-inflammatory omega-6 signature pattern and higher VAT levels, and seem to reflect the cardiovascular status of young adults.

ACS Style

Francisco J. Osuna-Prieto; Borja Martinez-Tellez; Lourdes Ortiz-Alvarez; Xinyu Di; Lucas Jurado-Fasoli; Huiwen Xu; Victoria Ceperuelo-Mallafré; Catalina Núñez-Roa; Isabelle Kohler; Antonio Segura-Carretero; José V. García-Lario; Angel Gil; Concepción M. Aguilera; Jose M. Llamas-Elvira; Patrick C. N. Rensen; Joan Vendrell; Jonatan R. Ruiz; Sonia Fernández-Veledo. Elevated plasma succinate levels are linked to higher cardiovascular disease risk factors in young adults. Cardiovascular Diabetology 2021, 20, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Francisco J. Osuna-Prieto, Borja Martinez-Tellez, Lourdes Ortiz-Alvarez, Xinyu Di, Lucas Jurado-Fasoli, Huiwen Xu, Victoria Ceperuelo-Mallafré, Catalina Núñez-Roa, Isabelle Kohler, Antonio Segura-Carretero, José V. García-Lario, Angel Gil, Concepción M. Aguilera, Jose M. Llamas-Elvira, Patrick C. N. Rensen, Joan Vendrell, Jonatan R. Ruiz, Sonia Fernández-Veledo. Elevated plasma succinate levels are linked to higher cardiovascular disease risk factors in young adults. Cardiovascular Diabetology. 2021; 20 (1):1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francisco J. Osuna-Prieto; Borja Martinez-Tellez; Lourdes Ortiz-Alvarez; Xinyu Di; Lucas Jurado-Fasoli; Huiwen Xu; Victoria Ceperuelo-Mallafré; Catalina Núñez-Roa; Isabelle Kohler; Antonio Segura-Carretero; José V. García-Lario; Angel Gil; Concepción M. Aguilera; Jose M. Llamas-Elvira; Patrick C. N. Rensen; Joan Vendrell; Jonatan R. Ruiz; Sonia Fernández-Veledo. 2021. "Elevated plasma succinate levels are linked to higher cardiovascular disease risk factors in young adults." Cardiovascular Diabetology 20, no. 1: 1-10.

Review
Published: 15 June 2021 in Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
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To determine the acute effect of a single high-intensity interval training (HIIT) session on testosterone and cortisol levels in healthy individuals, a systematic search of studies was conducted in MEDLINE and Web of Science databases from inception to February 2020. Meta-analyses were performed to establish the acute effect of HIIT on testosterone and cortisol levels immediately after a single HIIT session, after 30 minutes, and 60 minutes (primary outcomes) and after 120 minutes, 180 minutes, and 24h (secondary outcomes, only for pre-post intervention groups). Potential effect-size modifiers were assessed by meta-regression analyses and analyses of variance. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane's risk of bias tool and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. The meta-analyses of 10 controlled studies (213 participants) and 50 pre-post intervention groups (677 participants) revealed a significant increase in testosterone immediately after a single HIIT session (d=0.92 and 0.52, respectively), which disappeared after 30 minutes (d=0.18 and -0.04), and returned to baseline values after 60 minutes (d=-0.37 and -0.16). Significant increases of cortisol were found immediately after (d=2.17 and 0.64), after 30 minutes (d=1.62 and 0.67), and 60 minutes (d=1.32 and 0.27). Testosterone and cortisol levels decreased significantly after 120 minutes (d=-0.48 and -0.95, respectively) and 180 minutes (d=-0.29 and -1.08) and return to baseline values after 24h (d=0.14 and -0.02). HIIT components and participant's characteristics seem to moderate the effect sizes. In conclusion, testosterone and cortisol increase immediately after a single HIIT session, then drop below baseline levels, and finally return to baseline values after 24h. This meta-analysis provides a better understanding of the acute endocrine response to a single HIIT session, which would certainly be valuable for both clinicians and coaches in the prescription of exercise programs to improve health and performance. Testosterone and cortisol may be used as sensitive biomarkers to monitor the anabolic and catabolic response to HIIT.

ACS Style

Manuel Dote‐Montero; Almudena Carneiro‐Barrera; Vicente Martinez‐Vizcaino; Jonatan R. Ruiz; Francisco J. Amaro‐Gahete. Acute effect of HIIT on testosterone and cortisol levels in healthy individuals: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 2021, 31, 1722 -1744.

AMA Style

Manuel Dote‐Montero, Almudena Carneiro‐Barrera, Vicente Martinez‐Vizcaino, Jonatan R. Ruiz, Francisco J. Amaro‐Gahete. Acute effect of HIIT on testosterone and cortisol levels in healthy individuals: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2021; 31 (9):1722-1744.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manuel Dote‐Montero; Almudena Carneiro‐Barrera; Vicente Martinez‐Vizcaino; Jonatan R. Ruiz; Francisco J. Amaro‐Gahete. 2021. "Acute effect of HIIT on testosterone and cortisol levels in healthy individuals: A systematic review and meta‐analysis." Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 31, no. 9: 1722-1744.

Journal article
Published: 10 June 2021 in Scientific Reports
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The constrained total energy expenditure (TEE) model posits that progressive increases in physical activity (PA) lead to increases in TEE; but after certain PA threshold, TEE plateaus. Then, a compensatory reduction in the expenditure of non-essential activities constrains the TEE. We hypothesized that high PA levels as locomotion associate with a compensatory attenuation in arm movements. We included 209 adults (64% females, mean [SD] age 32.1 [15.0] years) and 105 children (40% females, age 10.0 [1.1] years). Subjects wore, simultaneously, one accelerometer in the non-dominant wrist and another in the hip for ≥ 4 days. We analyzed the association between wrist-measured (arm movements plus locomotion) and hip-measured PA (locomotion). We also analyzed how the capacity to dissociate arm movements from locomotion influences total PA. In adults, the association between wrist-measured and hip-measured PA was better described by a quadratic than a linear model (Quadratic-R2 = 0.54 vs. Linear-R2 = 0.52; P = 0.003). Above the 80th percentile of hip-measured PA, wrist-measured PA plateaued. In children, there was no evidence that a quadratic model fitted the association between wrist-measured and hip-measured PA better than a linear model (R2 = 0.58 in both models, P = 0.25). In adults and children, those with the highest capacity to dissociate arm movements from locomotion—i.e. higher arm movements for a given locomotion—reached the highest total PA. We conclude that, in adults, elevated locomotion associates with a compensatory reduction in arm movements (probably non-essential fidgeting) that partially explains the constrained TEE model. Subjects with the lowest arm compensation reach the highest total PA.

ACS Style

Rodrigo Fernández-Verdejo; Juan M. A. Alcantara; Jose E. Galgani; Francisco M. Acosta; Jairo H. Migueles; Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete; Idoia Labayen; Francisco B. Ortega; Jonatan R. Ruiz. Deciphering the constrained total energy expenditure model in humans by associating accelerometer-measured physical activity from wrist and hip. Scientific Reports 2021, 11, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Rodrigo Fernández-Verdejo, Juan M. A. Alcantara, Jose E. Galgani, Francisco M. Acosta, Jairo H. Migueles, Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete, Idoia Labayen, Francisco B. Ortega, Jonatan R. Ruiz. Deciphering the constrained total energy expenditure model in humans by associating accelerometer-measured physical activity from wrist and hip. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11 (1):1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rodrigo Fernández-Verdejo; Juan M. A. Alcantara; Jose E. Galgani; Francisco M. Acosta; Jairo H. Migueles; Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete; Idoia Labayen; Francisco B. Ortega; Jonatan R. Ruiz. 2021. "Deciphering the constrained total energy expenditure model in humans by associating accelerometer-measured physical activity from wrist and hip." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1: 1-10.

Journal article
Published: 28 April 2021 in Journal of Clinical Medicine
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Fatigue is a cardinal symptom in fibromyalgia. Fatigue is assumed to be the result of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. We aimed at examining the role of genetic susceptibility for fatigue in southern Spanish women with fibromyalgia, by looking at single nucleotide polymorphisms in 34 fibromyalgia candidate-genes, at the interactions between genes, and at the gene-physical activity interactions. We extracted DNA from saliva of 276 fibromyalgia women to analyze gene-polymorphisms. Accelerometers registered physical activity and sedentary behavior. Fatigue was assessed with the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory. Based on the Bonferroni’s and False Discovery Rate values, we found that the genotype of the rs4453709 polymorphism (sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha, SCN9A, gene) was related to reduced motivation (AT carriers showed the highest reduced motivation) and reduced activity (AA carriers showed the lowest reduced activity). Carriers of the heterozygous genotype of the rs1801133 (methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase, MTHFR, gene) or rs4597545 (SCN9A gene) polymorphisms who were physically active reported lower scores on fatigue compared to their inactive counterparts. Highly sedentary carriers of the homozygous genotype of the rs7607967 polymorphism (AA/GG genotype; SCN9A gene) presented more reduced activity (a dimension of fatigue) than those with lower levels of sedentary behavior. Collectively, findings from the present study suggest that the contribution of genetics and gene-physical activity interaction to fatigue in fibromyalgia is modest.

ACS Style

Fernando Estévez-López; Diego Salazar-Tortosa; Daniel Camiletti-Moirón; Blanca Gavilán-Carrera; Virginia Aparicio; Pedro Acosta-Manzano; Víctor Segura-Jiménez; Inmaculada Álvarez-Gallardo; Ana Carbonell-Baeza; Diego Munguía-Izquierdo; Rinie Geenen; Eliana Lacerda; Manuel Delgado-Fernández; Luis Martínez-González; Jonatan Ruiz; María Álvarez-Cubero. Fatigue in Women with Fibromyalgia: A Gene-Physical Activity Interaction Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2021, 10, 1902 .

AMA Style

Fernando Estévez-López, Diego Salazar-Tortosa, Daniel Camiletti-Moirón, Blanca Gavilán-Carrera, Virginia Aparicio, Pedro Acosta-Manzano, Víctor Segura-Jiménez, Inmaculada Álvarez-Gallardo, Ana Carbonell-Baeza, Diego Munguía-Izquierdo, Rinie Geenen, Eliana Lacerda, Manuel Delgado-Fernández, Luis Martínez-González, Jonatan Ruiz, María Álvarez-Cubero. Fatigue in Women with Fibromyalgia: A Gene-Physical Activity Interaction Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10 (9):1902.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Estévez-López; Diego Salazar-Tortosa; Daniel Camiletti-Moirón; Blanca Gavilán-Carrera; Virginia Aparicio; Pedro Acosta-Manzano; Víctor Segura-Jiménez; Inmaculada Álvarez-Gallardo; Ana Carbonell-Baeza; Diego Munguía-Izquierdo; Rinie Geenen; Eliana Lacerda; Manuel Delgado-Fernández; Luis Martínez-González; Jonatan Ruiz; María Álvarez-Cubero. 2021. "Fatigue in Women with Fibromyalgia: A Gene-Physical Activity Interaction Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 9: 1902.

Original article
Published: 22 April 2021 in European Journal of Applied Physiology
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Physical inactivity and ageing are associated with imbalances in anabolic/catabolic steroid hormones, jeopardizing health. We investigated the effects of three types of training on plasma steroid hormone levels in physically inactive, middle-aged adults. A 12-week randomized controlled trial was performed with a parallel-group design. A total of 67 (36 women) middle-aged adults (45–65 years old) were randomly assigned to (1) no exercise (control), (2) concurrent training based on the international physical activity recommendations (PAR), (3) high-intensity interval training (HIIT), or (4) HIIT plus whole-body electromyostimulation (HIIT + EMS). The training volume in the PAR group was 150 min/week at 60–65% of the heart rate reserve for aerobic training and ~ 60 min/week at 40–50% of the one-repetition maximum for resistance training. The training volume in the HIIT and HIIT + EMS groups was 40–65 min/week at > 95% of the maximum oxygen uptake in long interval sessions, and > 120% of the maximum oxygen uptake in short interval sessions. Compared to the control group, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate increased in the PAR, HIIT, and HIIT + EMS groups (~ 14%, ~ 14%, and ~ 20%, respectively; all P < 0.01). Cortisol decreased in the PAR, HIIT, and HIIT + EMS groups (~ − 17%, ~ − 10%, and ~ − 23%, respectively; all P ≤ 0.05). Testosterone increased in the HIIT and HIIT + EMS groups (~ 28%, and ~ 16%, respectively; all P ≤ 0.01). Free testosterone increased in the HIIT and HIIT + EMS groups (~ 30% and ~ 18% respectively; all P ≤ 0.01). No significant increase in sex hormone-binding globulin was observed (P = 0.869). Our findings suggest that HIIT, with or without whole-body EMS, can significantly enhance steroid hormones status in previously physically inactive middle-aged adults. The PAR program led to slight improvements than the HIIT and HIIT + EMS groups despite the application of a higher training volume. NCT03334357 (ClinicalTrials.gov). November 7, 2017 retrospectively registered.

ACS Style

Manuel Dote-Montero; Alejandro De-La-O; Lucas Jurado-Fasoli; Jonatan R. Ruiz; Manuel J. Castillo; Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete. The effects of three types of exercise training on steroid hormones in physically inactive middle-aged adults: a randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Applied Physiology 2021, 121, 2193 -2206.

AMA Style

Manuel Dote-Montero, Alejandro De-La-O, Lucas Jurado-Fasoli, Jonatan R. Ruiz, Manuel J. Castillo, Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete. The effects of three types of exercise training on steroid hormones in physically inactive middle-aged adults: a randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2021; 121 (8):2193-2206.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manuel Dote-Montero; Alejandro De-La-O; Lucas Jurado-Fasoli; Jonatan R. Ruiz; Manuel J. Castillo; Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete. 2021. "The effects of three types of exercise training on steroid hormones in physically inactive middle-aged adults: a randomized controlled trial." European Journal of Applied Physiology 121, no. 8: 2193-2206.

Journal article
Published: 13 April 2021
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ACS Style

Jacob Frandsen; Francisco J Amaro-Gahete; Ann Landgrebe; Flemming Dela; J R Ruiz; Jørn Wulff Helge; Steen Larsen. The influence of age, sex and cardiorespiratory fitness on maximal fat oxidation rate. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Jacob Frandsen, Francisco J Amaro-Gahete, Ann Landgrebe, Flemming Dela, J R Ruiz, Jørn Wulff Helge, Steen Larsen. The influence of age, sex and cardiorespiratory fitness on maximal fat oxidation rate. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jacob Frandsen; Francisco J Amaro-Gahete; Ann Landgrebe; Flemming Dela; J R Ruiz; Jørn Wulff Helge; Steen Larsen. 2021. "The influence of age, sex and cardiorespiratory fitness on maximal fat oxidation rate." , no. : 1.

Research article
Published: 22 March 2021 in European Journal of Sport Science
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The present work examines the relationships between maximal fat oxidation during a graded exercise test (MFO), the intensity of exercise that elicits MFO (Fatmax), and traditional cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy, sedentary adults. A total of 119 (81 women) young, sedentary adults (22.1 ± 2.2 years old), and 71 (37 women) middle-aged, sedentary adults (53.4 ± 4.9 years old) participated in the current study. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were determined following standard procedures. Plasma glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were determined in a fasted state and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels subsequently calculated. A sex and age group-specific cardiometabolic risk Z-score was also calculated for each subject based on waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, plasma glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. MFO and Fatmax were determined using a walking graded exercise test using indirect calorimetry. No clear association was seen of MFO and Fatmax with any cardiometabolic risk factor (all P≥0.05), except for a weak, inverse association between Fatmax and the fatty liver index (P=0.027). Similarly, neither MFO nor Fatmax was apparently associated with the cardiometabolic risk Z-score (all P≥0.05). The current findings suggest an uncertain association of MFO and Fatmax during a graded exercise test with the cardiometabolic profile of healthy, sedentary adults.

ACS Style

Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete; Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado; Lucas Jurado-Fasoli; Jonatan R. Ruiz. Uncertain association between maximal fat oxidation during exercise and cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy sedentary adults. European Journal of Sport Science 2021, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete, Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado, Lucas Jurado-Fasoli, Jonatan R. Ruiz. Uncertain association between maximal fat oxidation during exercise and cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy sedentary adults. European Journal of Sport Science. 2021; ():1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete; Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado; Lucas Jurado-Fasoli; Jonatan R. Ruiz. 2021. "Uncertain association between maximal fat oxidation during exercise and cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy sedentary adults." European Journal of Sport Science , no. : 1-11.

Journal article
Published: 08 March 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of physical activity (PA) with assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment and pregnancy outcomes among couples seeking infertility treatment. Methods: This prospective cohort study was carried out among 128 infertile individuals (64 couples), entering the infertility clinic for ART procedures. Baseline PA (before entering any treatment) was assessed using accelerometry for both women and men. For every couple the infertility treatment outcomes were recorded. Results: The couples that required invasive ART procedures such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) spent less time in vigorous PA (−73 min/week per couple, woman + man) than those couples who became spontaneously pregnant after entering the study (p = 0.001). We observed no significant associations between the time spent in physical activities and positive pregnancy test or live birth. Conclusions: Our results do not support a positive nor negative relation between the time the couples spent in physical activities and the chances of getting pregnant or having a baby among patients seeking infertility treatment. However, couples undergoing invasive ART procedures did less vigorous PA than couples that became spontaneously pregnant, suggesting that PA may interfere with their reproductive health.

ACS Style

Siret Läänelaid; Francisco Ortega; Theodora Kunovac Kallak; Lana Joelsson; Jonatan Ruiz; Julius Hreinsson; Kjell Wånggren; Anneli Stavreus-Evers; Ruth Kalda; Andres Salumets; Signe Altmäe. Physical and Sedentary Activities in Association with Reproductive Outcomes among Couples Seeking Infertility Treatment: A Prospective Cohort Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 2718 .

AMA Style

Siret Läänelaid, Francisco Ortega, Theodora Kunovac Kallak, Lana Joelsson, Jonatan Ruiz, Julius Hreinsson, Kjell Wånggren, Anneli Stavreus-Evers, Ruth Kalda, Andres Salumets, Signe Altmäe. Physical and Sedentary Activities in Association with Reproductive Outcomes among Couples Seeking Infertility Treatment: A Prospective Cohort Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (5):2718.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Siret Läänelaid; Francisco Ortega; Theodora Kunovac Kallak; Lana Joelsson; Jonatan Ruiz; Julius Hreinsson; Kjell Wånggren; Anneli Stavreus-Evers; Ruth Kalda; Andres Salumets; Signe Altmäe. 2021. "Physical and Sedentary Activities in Association with Reproductive Outcomes among Couples Seeking Infertility Treatment: A Prospective Cohort Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5: 2718.

Journal article
Published: 07 January 2021 in Nutrients
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Studies comparing different types of exercise-based interventions have not shown a consistent effect of training on long-term weight maintenance. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of exercise modalities combined with diet intervention on body composition immediately after intervention and at 3 years’ follow-up in overweight and obese adults. Two-hundred thirty-nine people (107 men) participated in a 6-month diet and exercise-based intervention, split into four randomly assigned groups: strength group (S), endurance group (E), combined strength and endurance group (SE), and control group (C). The body composition measurements took place on the first week before the start of training and after 22 weeks of training. In addition, a third measurement took place 3 years after the intervention period. A significant interaction effect (group × time) (p = 0.017) was observed for the fat mass percentage. It significantly decreased by 5.48 ± 0.65%, 5.30 ± 0.65%, 7.04 ± 0.72%, and 4.86 ± 0.65% at post-intervention for S, E, SE, and C, respectively. Three years after the intervention, the fat mass percentage returned to values similar to the baseline, except for the combined strength and endurance group, where it remained lower than the value at pre-intervention (p < 0.05). However, no significant interaction was discovered for the rest of the studied outcomes, neither at post-intervention nor 3 years later. The combined strength and endurance group was the only group that achieved lower levels of fat mass (%) at both post-intervention and 3 years after intervention, in comparison with the other groups.

ACS Style

Miguel A. Rojo-Tirado; Pedro J. Benito; Jonatan R. Ruiz; Francisco B. Ortega; Blanca Romero-Moraleda; Javier Butragueño; Laura M. Bermejo; Eliane A. Castro; Carmen Gómez-Candela. Body Composition Changes after a Weight Loss Intervention: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study. Nutrients 2021, 13, 164 .

AMA Style

Miguel A. Rojo-Tirado, Pedro J. Benito, Jonatan R. Ruiz, Francisco B. Ortega, Blanca Romero-Moraleda, Javier Butragueño, Laura M. Bermejo, Eliane A. Castro, Carmen Gómez-Candela. Body Composition Changes after a Weight Loss Intervention: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study. Nutrients. 2021; 13 (1):164.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miguel A. Rojo-Tirado; Pedro J. Benito; Jonatan R. Ruiz; Francisco B. Ortega; Blanca Romero-Moraleda; Javier Butragueño; Laura M. Bermejo; Eliane A. Castro; Carmen Gómez-Candela. 2021. "Body Composition Changes after a Weight Loss Intervention: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study." Nutrients 13, no. 1: 164.

Journal article
Published: 06 January 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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During the COVID-19 pandemic, entire populations were instructed to live in home-confinement to prevent the expansion of the disease. Spain was one of the countries with the strictest conditions, as outdoor physical activity was banned for nearly two months. This study aimed to analyse the changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviours in Spanish university students before and during the confinement by COVID-19 with special focus on gender. We also analysed enjoyment, the tools used and motivation and impediments for doing physical activity. An online questionnaire, which included the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form and certain “ad hoc” questions, was designed. Students were recruited by distributing an invitation through the administrative channels of 16 universities and a total of 13,754 valid surveys were collected. Overall, university students reduced moderate (−29.5%) and vigorous (−18.3%) physical activity during the confinement and increased sedentary time (+52.7%). However, they spent more time on high intensity interval training (HIIT) (+18.2%) and mind-body activities (e.g., yoga) (+80.0%). Adaptation to the confinement, in terms of physical activity, was handled better by women than by men. These results will help design strategies for each gender to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour during confinement periods.

ACS Style

Ana Rodríguez-Larrad; Asier Mañas; Idoia Labayen; Marcela González-Gross; Ander Espin; Susana Aznar; José Antonio Serrano-Sánchez; Francisco J. Vera-Garcia; Domingo González-Lamuño; Ignacio Ara; Luis Carrasco-Páez; José Castro-Piñero; Mari Carmen Gómez-Cabrera; Sara Márquez; Josep A. Tur; Narcis Gusi; Pedro J. Benito; Diego Moliner-Urdiales; Jonatan R. Ruiz; Francisco B. Ortega; David Jiménez-Pavón; José Antonio Casajús; Jon Irazusta. Impact of COVID-19 Confinement on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour in Spanish University Students: Role of Gender. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 369 .

AMA Style

Ana Rodríguez-Larrad, Asier Mañas, Idoia Labayen, Marcela González-Gross, Ander Espin, Susana Aznar, José Antonio Serrano-Sánchez, Francisco J. Vera-Garcia, Domingo González-Lamuño, Ignacio Ara, Luis Carrasco-Páez, José Castro-Piñero, Mari Carmen Gómez-Cabrera, Sara Márquez, Josep A. Tur, Narcis Gusi, Pedro J. Benito, Diego Moliner-Urdiales, Jonatan R. Ruiz, Francisco B. Ortega, David Jiménez-Pavón, José Antonio Casajús, Jon Irazusta. Impact of COVID-19 Confinement on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour in Spanish University Students: Role of Gender. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (2):369.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Rodríguez-Larrad; Asier Mañas; Idoia Labayen; Marcela González-Gross; Ander Espin; Susana Aznar; José Antonio Serrano-Sánchez; Francisco J. Vera-Garcia; Domingo González-Lamuño; Ignacio Ara; Luis Carrasco-Páez; José Castro-Piñero; Mari Carmen Gómez-Cabrera; Sara Márquez; Josep A. Tur; Narcis Gusi; Pedro J. Benito; Diego Moliner-Urdiales; Jonatan R. Ruiz; Francisco B. Ortega; David Jiménez-Pavón; José Antonio Casajús; Jon Irazusta. 2021. "Impact of COVID-19 Confinement on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour in Spanish University Students: Role of Gender." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2: 369.

Journal article
Published: 16 December 2020 in Nutrients
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Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are worldwide major health challenges. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is associated with a better cardiometabolic profile, but these beneficial effects may be influenced by genetic variations, modulating the predisposition to obesity or MetS. The aim was to assess whether interaction effects occur between an obesity genetic risk score (obesity-GRS) and the MD on adiposity and MetS in European adolescents. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the interaction effects of an obesity-GRS and the MD on adiposity and MetS and its components. Interaction effects between the MD on adiposity and MetS were observed in both sex groups (p < 0.05). However, those interaction effects were only expressed in a certain number of adolescents, when a limited number of risk alleles were present. Regarding adiposity, a total of 51.1% males and 98.7% females had lower body mass index (BMI) as a result of higher MD adherence. Concerning MetS, only 9.9% of males with higher MD adherence had lower MetS scores. However, the same effect was observed in 95.2% of females. In conclusion, obesity-related genotypes could modulate the relationship between MD adherence and adiposity and MetS in European adolescents; the interaction effect was higher in females than in males.

ACS Style

Miguel Seral-Cortes; Sergio Sabroso-Lasa; Pilar De Miguel-Etayo; Marcela Gonzalez-Gross; Eva Gesteiro; Cristina Molina-Hidalgo; Stefaan De Henauw; Éva Erhardt; Laura Censi; Yannis Manios; Eva Karaglani; Kurt Widhalm; Anthony Kafatos; Laurent Beghin; Aline Meirhaeghe; Diego Salazar-Tortosa; Jonatan R. Ruiz; Luis A. Moreno; Luis Mariano Esteban; Idoia Labayen. Interaction Effect of the Mediterranean Diet and an Obesity Genetic Risk Score on Adiposity and Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents: The HELENA Study. Nutrients 2020, 12, 3841 .

AMA Style

Miguel Seral-Cortes, Sergio Sabroso-Lasa, Pilar De Miguel-Etayo, Marcela Gonzalez-Gross, Eva Gesteiro, Cristina Molina-Hidalgo, Stefaan De Henauw, Éva Erhardt, Laura Censi, Yannis Manios, Eva Karaglani, Kurt Widhalm, Anthony Kafatos, Laurent Beghin, Aline Meirhaeghe, Diego Salazar-Tortosa, Jonatan R. Ruiz, Luis A. Moreno, Luis Mariano Esteban, Idoia Labayen. Interaction Effect of the Mediterranean Diet and an Obesity Genetic Risk Score on Adiposity and Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents: The HELENA Study. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (12):3841.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miguel Seral-Cortes; Sergio Sabroso-Lasa; Pilar De Miguel-Etayo; Marcela Gonzalez-Gross; Eva Gesteiro; Cristina Molina-Hidalgo; Stefaan De Henauw; Éva Erhardt; Laura Censi; Yannis Manios; Eva Karaglani; Kurt Widhalm; Anthony Kafatos; Laurent Beghin; Aline Meirhaeghe; Diego Salazar-Tortosa; Jonatan R. Ruiz; Luis A. Moreno; Luis Mariano Esteban; Idoia Labayen. 2020. "Interaction Effect of the Mediterranean Diet and an Obesity Genetic Risk Score on Adiposity and Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents: The HELENA Study." Nutrients 12, no. 12: 3841.

Journal article
Published: 29 November 2020 in Nutrients
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Regular physical activity (PA) is an important part of the treatment of several medical conditions, including overweight and obesity, in which there may be a weakened appetite control. Eating behaviour traits influence weight control and may be different in active and sedentary subjects. This paper reports the relationships between the time spent in sedentary behaviour and physical activity (PA) of different intensity, and eating behaviour traits in young, healthy adults. Additionally, it reports the results of a six-month-long, randomized, controlled trial to examine the effect of an exercise intervention on eating behaviour traits. A total of 139 young (22.06 ± 2.26 years) healthy adults (68.35% women) with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 24.95 ± 4.57 kg/m2 were enrolled. Baseline assessments of habitual PA were made using wrist-worn triaxial accelerometers; eating behaviour traits were examined via the self-reported questionnaires: Binge Eating, Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18 and Control of Eating Questionnaire. The subjects were then randomly assigned to one of three groups: control (usual lifestyle), moderate-intensity exercise (aerobic and resistance training 3¨C4 days/week at a heart rate equivalent to 60% of the heart rate reserve (HRres) for the aerobic component, and at 50% of the 1 repetition maximum (RM) for the resistance component), or vigorous-intensity exercise (the same training but at 80% HRres for half of the aerobic training, and 70% RM for the resistance training). At baseline, sedentary behaviour was inversely associated with binge eating (r = −0.181, p < 0.05) and with uncontrolled eating (r = −0.286, p = 0.001). Moderate PA (MPA) was inversely associated with craving control (r = −0.188, p < 0.05). Moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was directly associated with binge eating (r = 0.302, p < 0.001) and uncontrolled eating (r = 0.346, p < 0.001), and inversely associated with craving control (r = −0.170, p < 0.015). Overall, PA was directly associated with binge eating (r = 0.275, p = 0.001), uncontrolled eating (r = 0.321, p < 0.001) and emotional eating (r = 0.204, p < 0.05). Additionally, only emotional eating was modified by the intervention, increasing in the vigorous-intensity exercise group (p < 0.05). In summary, we observed that time spent in sedentary behaviour/PA of different intensity is associated with eating behaviour traits, especially binge eating in young adults. In contrast, the six-month exercise intervention did not lead to appreciable changes in eating behaviour traits.

ACS Style

Wendy D. Martinez-Avila; Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado; Francisco M. Acosta; Lucas Jurado-Fasoli; Pauline Oustric; Idoia Labayen; John E. Blundell; Jonatan R. Ruiz. Eating Behavior, Physical Activity and Exercise Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Young Healthy Adults. Nutrients 2020, 12, 3685 .

AMA Style

Wendy D. Martinez-Avila, Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado, Francisco M. Acosta, Lucas Jurado-Fasoli, Pauline Oustric, Idoia Labayen, John E. Blundell, Jonatan R. Ruiz. Eating Behavior, Physical Activity and Exercise Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Young Healthy Adults. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (12):3685.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wendy D. Martinez-Avila; Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado; Francisco M. Acosta; Lucas Jurado-Fasoli; Pauline Oustric; Idoia Labayen; John E. Blundell; Jonatan R. Ruiz. 2020. "Eating Behavior, Physical Activity and Exercise Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Young Healthy Adults." Nutrients 12, no. 12: 3685.

Journal article
Published: 02 November 2020 in International Journal of Obesity
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Neck adipose tissue (NAT) volume increases with general adiposity, with fat accumulating in different neck tissue compartments. In patients with certain malignant/benign tumours, the accumulation of NAT, and certain NAT distributions, have been associated with cardiometabolic risk (CMR). However, it is unknown whether the same relationships exist in healthy people, and whether NAT accumulation and distribution are related to the inflammatory status. In this cross-sectional study, 139 young healthy adults (68% women) underwent a computed tomography scan to quantify the volume of compartmental (i.e., subcutaneous, intermuscular and perivertebral) and total NAT at the height of vertebra C5. Anthropometric indicators were measured, and body composition determined using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Information on CMR factors (i.e., blood glycaemic and lipid markers, blood pressure and physical fitness) was also gathered, and a CMR score calculated. Several plasma cytokines and serum components of the innate immune system were measured to determine the inflammatory status. Compartmental and total NAT volumes were directly related to body mass index (BMI), and lean, fat, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) masses (all, P ≤ 0.05). Larger compartmental (especially intermuscular) and total NAT volumes were directly associated with the CMR score, several CMR factors (i.e., glycaemic and lipid markers and blood pressure), and the C3, C4 and leptin concentrations. They were, however, inversely correlated with the CMR factors high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and physical fitness, and with the adiponectin concentration (all P ≤ 0.05). Several of these associations remained statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) after adjustment for BMI, body fat percentage or VAT mass. Overall, results did not change after applying false discovery rate correction. NAT volume and its distribution among different tissue compartments is associated with the CMR and inflammatory profile of young healthy adults. Total NAT volume appears to be as valuable as VAT mass in terms of predicting CMR and inflammatory status.

ACS Style

Maria Jose Arias-Tellez; Francisco M. Acosta; Yolanda Garcia-Rivero; Jose Miguel Pascual-Gamarra; Elisa Merchan-Ramirez; Borja Martinez-Tellez; Analiza M. Silva; Julio Almansa Lopez; Jose M. Llamas-Elvira; Jonatan R. Ruiz. Neck adipose tissue accumulation is associated with higher overall and central adiposity, a higher cardiometabolic risk, and a pro-inflammatory profile in young adults. International Journal of Obesity 2020, 45, 733 -745.

AMA Style

Maria Jose Arias-Tellez, Francisco M. Acosta, Yolanda Garcia-Rivero, Jose Miguel Pascual-Gamarra, Elisa Merchan-Ramirez, Borja Martinez-Tellez, Analiza M. Silva, Julio Almansa Lopez, Jose M. Llamas-Elvira, Jonatan R. Ruiz. Neck adipose tissue accumulation is associated with higher overall and central adiposity, a higher cardiometabolic risk, and a pro-inflammatory profile in young adults. International Journal of Obesity. 2020; 45 (4):733-745.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Jose Arias-Tellez; Francisco M. Acosta; Yolanda Garcia-Rivero; Jose Miguel Pascual-Gamarra; Elisa Merchan-Ramirez; Borja Martinez-Tellez; Analiza M. Silva; Julio Almansa Lopez; Jose M. Llamas-Elvira; Jonatan R. Ruiz. 2020. "Neck adipose tissue accumulation is associated with higher overall and central adiposity, a higher cardiometabolic risk, and a pro-inflammatory profile in young adults." International Journal of Obesity 45, no. 4: 733-745.

Review
Published: 19 October 2020
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BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide and causes several million deaths every year. Such a dramatic scenario puts some pressure on administrations, care services, and the scientific community to seek novel solutions that may help control and deal effectively with this condition and its consequences. OBJECTIVE This study aims to review the literature on the use of modern mobile and wearable technology for monitoring parameters that condition the development or evolution of diabetes mellitus. METHODS A systematic review of articles published between January 2010 and July 2020 was performed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Manuscripts were identified through searching the databases Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed as well as through hand searching. Manuscripts were included if they involved the measurement of diabetes-related parameters such as blood glucose level, performed physical activity, or feet condition via wearable or mobile devices. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS The search yielded 1981 articles. A total of 26 publications met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Studies predominantly used wearable devices to monitor diabetes-related parameters. The accelerometer was by far the most used sensor, followed by the glucose monitor and heart rate monitor. Most studies applied some type of processing to the collected data, mainly consisting of statistical analysis or machine learning for activity recognition, finding associations among health outcomes, and diagnosing conditions related to diabetes. Few studies have focused on type 2 diabetes, even when this is the most prevalent type and the only preventable one. None of the studies focused on common diabetes complications. Clinical trials were fairly limited or nonexistent in most of the studies, with a common lack of detail about cohorts and case selection, comparability, and outcomes. Explicit endorsement by ethics committees or review boards was missing in most studies. Privacy or security issues were seldom addressed, and even if they were addressed, they were addressed at a rather insufficient level. CONCLUSIONS The use of mobile and wearable devices for the monitoring of diabetes-related parameters shows early promise. Its development can benefit patients with diabetes, health care professionals, and researchers. However, this field is still in its early stages. Future work must pay special attention to privacy and security issues, the use of new emerging sensor technologies, the combination of mobile and clinical data, and the development of validated clinical trials.

ACS Style

Ciro Rodriguez-León; Claudia Villalonga; Manuel Munoz-Torres; Jonatan R Ruiz; Oresti Banos. Mobile and Wearable Technology for the Monitoring of Diabetes-Related Parameters: Systematic Review (Preprint). 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Ciro Rodriguez-León, Claudia Villalonga, Manuel Munoz-Torres, Jonatan R Ruiz, Oresti Banos. Mobile and Wearable Technology for the Monitoring of Diabetes-Related Parameters: Systematic Review (Preprint). . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ciro Rodriguez-León; Claudia Villalonga; Manuel Munoz-Torres; Jonatan R Ruiz; Oresti Banos. 2020. "Mobile and Wearable Technology for the Monitoring of Diabetes-Related Parameters: Systematic Review (Preprint)." , no. : 1.

Review
Published: 19 October 2020 in JMIR mHealth and uHealth
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Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide and causes several million deaths every year. Such a dramatic scenario puts some pressure on administrations, care services, and the scientific community to seek novel solutions that may help control and deal effectively with this condition and its consequences. This study aims to review the literature on the use of modern mobile and wearable technology for monitoring parameters that condition the development or evolution of diabetes mellitus. A systematic review of articles published between January 2010 and July 2020 was performed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Manuscripts were identified through searching the databases Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed as well as through hand searching. Manuscripts were included if they involved the measurement of diabetes-related parameters such as blood glucose level, performed physical activity, or feet condition via wearable or mobile devices. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The search yielded 1981 articles. A total of 26 publications met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Studies predominantly used wearable devices to monitor diabetes-related parameters. The accelerometer was by far the most used sensor, followed by the glucose monitor and heart rate monitor. Most studies applied some type of processing to the collected data, mainly consisting of statistical analysis or machine learning for activity recognition, finding associations among health outcomes, and diagnosing conditions related to diabetes. Few studies have focused on type 2 diabetes, even when this is the most prevalent type and the only preventable one. None of the studies focused on common diabetes complications. Clinical trials were fairly limited or nonexistent in most of the studies, with a common lack of detail about cohorts and case selection, comparability, and outcomes. Explicit endorsement by ethics committees or review boards was missing in most studies. Privacy or security issues were seldom addressed, and even if they were addressed, they were addressed at a rather insufficient level. The use of mobile and wearable devices for the monitoring of diabetes-related parameters shows early promise. Its development can benefit patients with diabetes, health care professionals, and researchers. However, this field is still in its early stages. Future work must pay special attention to privacy and security issues, the use of new emerging sensor technologies, the combination of mobile and clinical data, and the development of validated clinical trials.

ACS Style

Ciro Rodriguez-Leon; Claudia Villalonga; Manuel Munoz-Torres; Jonatan R Ruiz; Oresti Banos. Mobile and Wearable Sensing for the Monitoring of Diabetes-related Parameters: Systematic Review (Preprint). JMIR mHealth and uHealth 2020, 9, e25138 .

AMA Style

Ciro Rodriguez-Leon, Claudia Villalonga, Manuel Munoz-Torres, Jonatan R Ruiz, Oresti Banos. Mobile and Wearable Sensing for the Monitoring of Diabetes-related Parameters: Systematic Review (Preprint). JMIR mHealth and uHealth. 2020; 9 (6):e25138.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ciro Rodriguez-Leon; Claudia Villalonga; Manuel Munoz-Torres; Jonatan R Ruiz; Oresti Banos. 2020. "Mobile and Wearable Sensing for the Monitoring of Diabetes-related Parameters: Systematic Review (Preprint)." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 9, no. 6: e25138.

Original article
Published: 10 October 2020 in Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
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Kidney transplant recipients are at risk of developing important adverse effects after transplantation. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a 10‐week supervised resistance exercise‐based intervention in kidney transplant recipients. Sixteen participants were randomized to a training (n=8, 49.7 ± 9.6 years) or control group (n=8, 48.6 ± 10.6 years). The primary endpoint was health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) evaluated through the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short‐Form (KDQOL‐SF), which includes the 36‐Item Short Form Survey (SF‐36), and secondary endpoints included physical performance (6‐minute walk distance [6‐MWD], 60‐second sit to stand test [60‐STS], 8‐foot up and go test, and handgrip and lower limb muscle strength), muscle mass, and biochemical parameters. Endpoints were assessed at baseline and after 10 weeks. Resistance exercise significantly increased (p0.05) were found for the remaining endpoints. There were no adverse events, musculoskeletal injuries, hypoglycemic episodes, cardiovascular events or hospitalizations related to the intervention. In conclusion, 10 weeks of supervised resistance training is enough to improve quality of life and physical performance without side effects such as musculoskeletal injuries, hypoglycemic episodes, cardiovascular events or hospitalizations related to the intervention in kidney transplant recipients.

ACS Style

Sonsoles Hernández Sánchez; Juan J. Carrero; Javier S. Morales; Jonatan R. Ruiz. Effects of a resistance training program in kidney transplant recipients: A randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 2020, 31, 473 -479.

AMA Style

Sonsoles Hernández Sánchez, Juan J. Carrero, Javier S. Morales, Jonatan R. Ruiz. Effects of a resistance training program in kidney transplant recipients: A randomized controlled trial. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2020; 31 (2):473-479.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sonsoles Hernández Sánchez; Juan J. Carrero; Javier S. Morales; Jonatan R. Ruiz. 2020. "Effects of a resistance training program in kidney transplant recipients: A randomized controlled trial." Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 31, no. 2: 473-479.

Original article
Published: 27 September 2020 in Obesity
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Objective This study aimed to describe the energy expenditure (EE) and macronutrient oxidation response to an individualized nonshivering cold exposure in young healthy adults. Methods Two different groups of 44 (study 1: 22.1 [SD 2.1] years old, 25.6 [SD 5.2] kg/m2, 34% men) and 13 young healthy adults (study 2: 25.6 [SD 3.0] years old, 23.6 [SD 2.4] kg/m2, 54% men) participated in this study. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and macronutrient oxidation rates were measured by indirect calorimetry under fasting conditions in a warm environment (for 30 minutes) and in mild cold conditions (for 65 minutes, with the individual wearing a water‐perfused cooling vest set at an individualized temperature adjusted to the individual’s shivering threshold). Results In study 1, EE increased in the initial stage of cold exposure and remained stable for the whole cold exposure (P < 0.001). Mean cold‐induced thermogenesis (9.56 ± 7.9 kcal/h) was 13.9% ± 11.6% of the RMR (range: −14.8% to 39.9% of the RMR). Carbohydrate oxidation decreased during the first 30 minutes of the cold exposure and later recovered up to the baseline values (P < 0.01) in parallel to opposite changes in fat oxidation (P < 0.01). Results were replicated in study 2. Conclusions A 1‐hour mild cold exposure individually adjusted to elicit maximum nonshivering thermogenesis induces a very modest increase in EE and a shift of macronutrient oxidation that may underlie a shift in thermogenic tissue activity.

ACS Style

Guillermo Sanchez‐Delgado; Juan M. A. Alcantara; Francisco M. Acosta; Borja Martinez‐Tellez; Francisco J. Amaro‐Gahete; Elisa Merchan‐Ramirez; Marie Löf; Idoia Labayen; Eric Ravussin; Jonatan R. Ruiz. Energy Expenditure and Macronutrient Oxidation in Response to an Individualized Nonshivering Cooling Protocol. Obesity 2020, 28, 2175 -2183.

AMA Style

Guillermo Sanchez‐Delgado, Juan M. A. Alcantara, Francisco M. Acosta, Borja Martinez‐Tellez, Francisco J. Amaro‐Gahete, Elisa Merchan‐Ramirez, Marie Löf, Idoia Labayen, Eric Ravussin, Jonatan R. Ruiz. Energy Expenditure and Macronutrient Oxidation in Response to an Individualized Nonshivering Cooling Protocol. Obesity. 2020; 28 (11):2175-2183.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guillermo Sanchez‐Delgado; Juan M. A. Alcantara; Francisco M. Acosta; Borja Martinez‐Tellez; Francisco J. Amaro‐Gahete; Elisa Merchan‐Ramirez; Marie Löf; Idoia Labayen; Eric Ravussin; Jonatan R. Ruiz. 2020. "Energy Expenditure and Macronutrient Oxidation in Response to an Individualized Nonshivering Cooling Protocol." Obesity 28, no. 11: 2175-2183.

Journal article
Published: 19 September 2020 in Clinical Nutrition
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Objective To study the association between usual dietary factors (dietary energy density, nutrient intake, food group consumption, and dietary pattern) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) volume/18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake after personalized cold exposure in young healthy adults. Methods A total of 122 young adults (n=82 women; 22.0±2.1 years old; 24.8±4.8 kg/m2) took part in this cross-sectional study. Dietary factors were measured via a food frequency questionnaire and three non-consecutive 24 h recalls. Dietary energy density (foods and caloric beverages included) and macronutrient intakes were subsequently estimated using EvalFINUT® software, food group consumption was estimated from the food frequency questionnaire, and different dietary patterns and quality indices were determined according to the reference methods. BAT volume, BAT 18F-FDG uptake, and skeletal muscle 18F-FDG uptake were assessed by static 18F-FDG positron-emission tomography and computed tomography (PET-CT) scans after a 2 h personalized exposure to cold. Results A direct association was detected between dietary energy density and BAT Standardized Uptake Value (SUV)mean (β=0.215; R2=0.044; P=0.022), and between ethanol consumption and BAT volume (β=0.215; R2=0.044; P=0.022). The a priori Mediterranean dietary pattern was inversely associated with BAT SUVmean and SUVpeak (β=-0.273; R2=0.075; P=0.003 and β=-0.255; R2=0.066; P=0.005 respectively). In addition, the diet quality index for a Mediterranean diet and a pro-inflammatory dietary pattern (as determined via the dietary inflammatory index) were directly associated with BAT SUVmean and SUVpeak (SUVmean: β=0.238; R2=0.053; P=0.013 and β=0.256; R2=0.052; P=0.012 respectively; SUVpeak: β=0.278; R2=0.073; P=0.003 and β=0.248; R2=0.049; P=0.016 respectively). After controlling for multiplicity and possible confounders (sex, the evaluation wave and BMI), all the detected associations persisted. Conclusion Dietary factors are slightly associated with BAT volume and/or 18F-FDG uptake after a personalized cold exposure in young adults. Our results provide an overall picture of the potential relationships between dietary factors and BAT-related variables in humans.

ACS Style

Lucas Jurado-Fasoli; Elisa Merchan-Ramirez; Borja Martinez-Tellez; Francisco M. Acosta; Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado; Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete; Victoria Muñoz Hernandez; Wendy D. Martinez-Avila; Lourdes Ortiz-Alvarez; Huiwen Xu; María José Arias Téllez; María Dolores Ruiz-López; Jose M. Llamas-Elvira; Ángel Gil; Idoia Labayen; Jonatan R. Ruiz. Association between dietary factors and brown adipose tissue volume/18F-FDG uptake in young adults. Clinical Nutrition 2020, 40, 1997 -2008.

AMA Style

Lucas Jurado-Fasoli, Elisa Merchan-Ramirez, Borja Martinez-Tellez, Francisco M. Acosta, Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado, Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete, Victoria Muñoz Hernandez, Wendy D. Martinez-Avila, Lourdes Ortiz-Alvarez, Huiwen Xu, María José Arias Téllez, María Dolores Ruiz-López, Jose M. Llamas-Elvira, Ángel Gil, Idoia Labayen, Jonatan R. Ruiz. Association between dietary factors and brown adipose tissue volume/18F-FDG uptake in young adults. Clinical Nutrition. 2020; 40 (4):1997-2008.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lucas Jurado-Fasoli; Elisa Merchan-Ramirez; Borja Martinez-Tellez; Francisco M. Acosta; Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado; Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete; Victoria Muñoz Hernandez; Wendy D. Martinez-Avila; Lourdes Ortiz-Alvarez; Huiwen Xu; María José Arias Téllez; María Dolores Ruiz-López; Jose M. Llamas-Elvira; Ángel Gil; Idoia Labayen; Jonatan R. Ruiz. 2020. "Association between dietary factors and brown adipose tissue volume/18F-FDG uptake in young adults." Clinical Nutrition 40, no. 4: 1997-2008.