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Prof. José Castro-Piñero
University of Cadiz, Research Group GALENO CTS-158

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0 Cardiovascular Disease
0 JCP
0 Obesity
0 Physical Activity and Health
0 Fitness Assessment

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Physical Activity and Health
Cardiovascular Disease
Obesity
Fitness Assessment

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Review
Published: 23 August 2021 in Journal of Clinical Medicine
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We comprehensively assessed the criterion-related validity of existing field-based fitness tests used to indicate adult health (19–64 years, with no known pathologies). The medical electronic databases MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Web of Science (all databases) were screened for studies published up to July 2020. Each original study’s methodological quality was classified as high, low and very low, according to the number of participants, the description of the study population, statistical analysis and systematic reviews which were appraised via the AMSTAR rating scale. Three evidence levels were constructed (strong, moderate and limited evidence) according to the number of studies and the consistency of the findings. We identified 101 original studies (50 of high quality) and five systematic reviews examining the criterion-related validity of field-based fitness tests in adults. Strong evidence indicated that the 20 m shuttle run, 1.5-mile, 12 min run/walk, YMCA step, 2 km walk and 6 min walk test are valid for estimating cardiorespiratory fitness; the handgrip strength test is valid for assessing hand maximal isometric strength; and the Biering–Sørensen test to evaluate the endurance strength of hip and back muscles; however, the sit-and reach test, and its different versions, and the toe-to-touch test are not valid for assessing hamstring and lower back flexibility. We found moderate evidence supporting that the 20 m square shuttle run test is a valid test for estimating cardiorespiratory fitness. Other field-based fitness tests presented limited evidence, mainly due to few studies. We developed an evidence-based proposal of the most valid field-based fitness tests in healthy adults aged 19–64 years old.

ACS Style

Jose Castro-Piñero; Nuria Marin-Jimenez; Jorge R. Fernandez-Santos; Fatima Martin-Acosta; Victor Segura-Jimenez; Rocio Izquierdo-Gomez; Jonatan R. Ruiz; Magdalena Cuenca-Garcia. Criterion-Related Validity of Field-Based Fitness Tests in Adults: A Systematic Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2021, 10, 3743 .

AMA Style

Jose Castro-Piñero, Nuria Marin-Jimenez, Jorge R. Fernandez-Santos, Fatima Martin-Acosta, Victor Segura-Jimenez, Rocio Izquierdo-Gomez, Jonatan R. Ruiz, Magdalena Cuenca-Garcia. Criterion-Related Validity of Field-Based Fitness Tests in Adults: A Systematic Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10 (16):3743.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jose Castro-Piñero; Nuria Marin-Jimenez; Jorge R. Fernandez-Santos; Fatima Martin-Acosta; Victor Segura-Jimenez; Rocio Izquierdo-Gomez; Jonatan R. Ruiz; Magdalena Cuenca-Garcia. 2021. "Criterion-Related Validity of Field-Based Fitness Tests in Adults: A Systematic Review." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 16: 3743.

Journal article
Published: 26 July 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Sedentary behavior (SB) is influenced by variations in social, cultural and economic contexts. This study assesses the test–retest reliability and validity of the Youth Leisure-time Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (YLSBQ), a self-report tool that examines total and domain-specific SB in a cohort of young adults from Colombia. A cross-sectional validation study was conducted among 447 Colombian college students (52.8% men; mean (± standard deviation) age of 19.55 ± 2.54 years). To assess the reliability of the YLSBQ, Kappa statistics (k) were used. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to determine validity. The Cronbach alpha for the 12 behaviors of the YLSBQ showed a good-to-excellent internal consistency (0.867, ranging from 0.715–0.935). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) indicated that 10 items (83.0%) and two items (17.0%) showed excellent and good reliability, respectively. Furthermore, ICC between the total sedentary time was 0.926 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.912 − 0.939), which was interpreted as excellent. The goodness-of-fit tests provided evidence that overall, a four-factor solution was an adequate fit with the time scores. In conclusion, the YLSBQ could be considered a reliable, valid and usable tool for the assessment of SB in young adults in a Latin American country. We found that the psychometric properties of the questionnaire were similar to those of the original Spanish validation study.

ACS Style

Miguel Atencio-Osorio; Hugo Carrillo-Arango; María Correa-Rodríguez; Diego Rivera; José Castro-Piñero; Robinson Ramírez-Vélez. Youth Leisure-Time Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (YLSBQ): Reliability and Validity in Colombian University Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 7895 .

AMA Style

Miguel Atencio-Osorio, Hugo Carrillo-Arango, María Correa-Rodríguez, Diego Rivera, José Castro-Piñero, Robinson Ramírez-Vélez. Youth Leisure-Time Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (YLSBQ): Reliability and Validity in Colombian University Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (15):7895.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miguel Atencio-Osorio; Hugo Carrillo-Arango; María Correa-Rodríguez; Diego Rivera; José Castro-Piñero; Robinson Ramírez-Vélez. 2021. "Youth Leisure-Time Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (YLSBQ): Reliability and Validity in Colombian University Students." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15: 7895.

Review
Published: 30 June 2021
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Background: Physical fitness (PF) is a powerful marker of health throughout the lifespan. In pregnant women, higher PF is associated with better maternal and fetal health, better delivery outcomes and earlier postpartum recovery. The assessment of PF during pregnancy requires special considerations to preserve fetal and maternal health; thus, providing a compilation of the most frequently used fitness tests, and assessing their validity, reliability, and association with maternal and neonatal health-related outcomes is of scientific and clinical interest. Objectives: To systematically review studies evaluating one or more components of PF in pregnant women, to answer two research questions: 1) What fitness tests have been previously employed in pregnant women? and 2) What is the validity and reliability of these tests and their relationship with health-related outcomes? Data Sources: PubMed and Web of Science. Methods: Two independent reviewers systematically examined the articles in each database. The information from the included articles was summarized by a single researcher. Results: A total of 149 articles containing a sum of 191 fitness tests were included. Among the 191 fitness tests, 99 (i.e.,52%) assessed cardiorespiratory fitness through 75 different protocols, 28 (15%) assessed muscular fitness through 16 different protocols, 14 (7%) assessed flexibility through 13 different protocols, 45 (24%) assessed balance through 40 different protocols, 2 assessed speed with the same protocol and 3 were multidimensional tests using one protocol. A total of 19 articles with 23 tests (13%) assessed either validity (n=4), reliability (n=6), or the relationship of PF with health-related outcomes (n=16). Conclusion: PF during pregnancy has been assessed through a wide variety of protocols, mostly lacking validity and reliability data.

ACS Style

Lidia Romero-Gallardo; Olga Roldan-Reoyo; Jose Castro-Pinero; Virginia Ariadna Aparicio; Linda May; Olga Ocon-Hernandez; Alberto Soriano-Maldonado. Assessing physical fitness during pregnancy: validity and reliability of fitness tests, and relationship with maternal and neonatal health-related outcomes. A systematic review. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Lidia Romero-Gallardo, Olga Roldan-Reoyo, Jose Castro-Pinero, Virginia Ariadna Aparicio, Linda May, Olga Ocon-Hernandez, Alberto Soriano-Maldonado. Assessing physical fitness during pregnancy: validity and reliability of fitness tests, and relationship with maternal and neonatal health-related outcomes. A systematic review. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lidia Romero-Gallardo; Olga Roldan-Reoyo; Jose Castro-Pinero; Virginia Ariadna Aparicio; Linda May; Olga Ocon-Hernandez; Alberto Soriano-Maldonado. 2021. "Assessing physical fitness during pregnancy: validity and reliability of fitness tests, and relationship with maternal and neonatal health-related outcomes. A systematic review." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 29 April 2021 in BMC Pediatrics
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Background Working memory performance is associated with better academic achievements in children and adolescents, and it is positively related to CRF. However, what level of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) discriminates higher working memory performance is not known. The purpose of this study was to identify CRF thresholds linked to working memory in adolescents. Methods Data of 141 adolescents (53.2 % girls) were collected (14.9 years) from a cross-sectional study during the year 2019. CRF was assessed by the 20-m shuttle run test, and maximal oxygen uptake was calculated using the Mahar´s equation. Working memory was evaluated by the Corsi blocks test and performance was classified by percentiles. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to identify CRF thresholds. Results The ROC analysis indicated that CRF could be used to discriminate working memory in adolescents. CRF thresholds of ≥45.03 ml.kg− 1.min− 1for boys and ≥36.63 ml.kg− 1.min− 1for girls were found to be indicative of “normal” working memory performance. Conclusions CRF could discriminate low and normal working memory performance in 14-16- year-old adolescents. These thresholds could allow for earlier identification and intervention of low working memory performance using CRF.

ACS Style

Vinícius Muller Reis Weber; Daniel Zanardini Fernandes; Leonardo Alex Volpato; Maria Raquel De Oliveira Bueno; Marcelo Romanzini; Jose Castro-Piñero; Enio Ricardo Vaz Ronque. Development of cardiorespiratory fitness standards for working memory using receiver operating curves in 15-year-old adolescents. BMC Pediatrics 2021, 21, 1 -7.

AMA Style

Vinícius Muller Reis Weber, Daniel Zanardini Fernandes, Leonardo Alex Volpato, Maria Raquel De Oliveira Bueno, Marcelo Romanzini, Jose Castro-Piñero, Enio Ricardo Vaz Ronque. Development of cardiorespiratory fitness standards for working memory using receiver operating curves in 15-year-old adolescents. BMC Pediatrics. 2021; 21 (1):1-7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vinícius Muller Reis Weber; Daniel Zanardini Fernandes; Leonardo Alex Volpato; Maria Raquel De Oliveira Bueno; Marcelo Romanzini; Jose Castro-Piñero; Enio Ricardo Vaz Ronque. 2021. "Development of cardiorespiratory fitness standards for working memory using receiver operating curves in 15-year-old adolescents." BMC Pediatrics 21, no. 1: 1-7.

Journal article
Published: 24 March 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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We explored the association of physical fitness (PF) with pregnancy-related symptoms, at the 16th and 34th gestational weeks (g.w.). The International Fitness Scale and the Pregnancy Symptoms Inventory were employed to assess self-reported PF and pregnancy-related symptoms, respectively. At the 16th g.w. greater self-reported overall PF was associated with lower incidence of urinary frequency (p = 0.020); greater overall PF, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular strength and speed-agility were associated with lower incidence of tiredness-fatigue (all, p < 0.05); greater overall PF and speed-agility were associated with lower incidence of poor sleep (both, p < 0.05); greater CRF and flexibility were associated with lower limitations by tiredness-fatigue (both, p < 0.05); and greater flexibility was associated with lower limitations by poor sleep (p = 0.021). At the 34th g.w. greater self-reported overall PF, CRF and muscular strength were associated with lower incidence of tiredness-fatigue (all, p < 0.05); greater CRF was associated with lower incidence of poor sleep (p = 0.019); and, greater flexibility was associated with lower incidence of increased vaginal discharge (p = 0.023). Adequate levels of PF, especially CRF, may help women to cope with the most endorsed pregnancy-related symptoms and its limitations, especially tiredness-fatigue and poor sleep.

ACS Style

Nuria Marín-Jiménez; Milkana Borges-Cosic; Olga Ocón-Hernández; Irene Coll-Risco; Marta Flor-Alemany; Laura Baena-García; José Castro-Piñero; Virginia Aparicio. Association of Self-Reported Physical Fitness with Pregnancy Related Symptoms the GESTAFIT Project. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 3345 .

AMA Style

Nuria Marín-Jiménez, Milkana Borges-Cosic, Olga Ocón-Hernández, Irene Coll-Risco, Marta Flor-Alemany, Laura Baena-García, José Castro-Piñero, Virginia Aparicio. Association of Self-Reported Physical Fitness with Pregnancy Related Symptoms the GESTAFIT Project. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (7):3345.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nuria Marín-Jiménez; Milkana Borges-Cosic; Olga Ocón-Hernández; Irene Coll-Risco; Marta Flor-Alemany; Laura Baena-García; José Castro-Piñero; Virginia Aparicio. 2021. "Association of Self-Reported Physical Fitness with Pregnancy Related Symptoms the GESTAFIT Project." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7: 3345.

Original article
Published: 27 February 2021 in Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
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This study aimed to establish the association and differences in a diversity of cognitive domains according to cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular fitness (MF), and speed‐agility fitness (S‐AF) level in a large sample of Chilean schoolchildren. 1171 Chilean schoolchildren aged 10–14 years participated. CRF, MF, and S‐AF were assessed through the ALPHA‐fitness test battery. Cognition was evaluated through the NeuroCognitive Performance Test, which involved eight tests related to four main domains: cognitive flexibility (CF), working memory (WM), inhibitory control (IC), and intelligence (IN). Both global (multivariate) and individual (univariate) analyses were performed to determine the differences in cognitive functioning according to low‐, middle‐, and high‐fitness level. The global analyses showed a significant main effect for CRF, F(16,940) = 3.08, p ≤ .001 and MF groups, F(16,953) = 2.30, p = .002, but not for S‐AF, F(16,948) = 1.37, p = .105. CRF shows a significant main effect in seven of eight tests, involving CF, WM, IC, and IN domains, whereas MF shows a significant main effect in five of eight tests without association with IN. SA‐F shows a significant main effect only with IC. Statistical differences were found between the low‐ and middle/high‐fitness groups but not between the middle‐ and high‐fitness groups. At a global level, both CRF and MF seem to be associated with a higher cognitive profile in scholars; however, at an individual level, all fitness components show a favorable relationship to some cognitive domine. Then, future cognitive developing strategies should consider all fitness components, prioritizing those low‐fitness schoolchildren.

ACS Style

Patricio Solis‐Urra; Javier Sanchez‐Martinez; Jorge Olivares‐Arancibia; Jose Castro Piñero; Kabir P. Sadarangani; Gerson Ferrari; Fernando Rodríguez‐Rodríguez; Anelise Gaya; Camila Felin Fochesatto; Carlos Cristi‐Montero. Physical fitness and its association with cognitive performance in Chilean schoolchildren: The Cogni‐Action Project. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 2021, 31, 1352 -1362.

AMA Style

Patricio Solis‐Urra, Javier Sanchez‐Martinez, Jorge Olivares‐Arancibia, Jose Castro Piñero, Kabir P. Sadarangani, Gerson Ferrari, Fernando Rodríguez‐Rodríguez, Anelise Gaya, Camila Felin Fochesatto, Carlos Cristi‐Montero. Physical fitness and its association with cognitive performance in Chilean schoolchildren: The Cogni‐Action Project. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2021; 31 (6):1352-1362.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Patricio Solis‐Urra; Javier Sanchez‐Martinez; Jorge Olivares‐Arancibia; Jose Castro Piñero; Kabir P. Sadarangani; Gerson Ferrari; Fernando Rodríguez‐Rodríguez; Anelise Gaya; Camila Felin Fochesatto; Carlos Cristi‐Montero. 2021. "Physical fitness and its association with cognitive performance in Chilean schoolchildren: The Cogni‐Action Project." Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 31, no. 6: 1352-1362.

Journal article
Published: 16 February 2021 in Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
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Objectives The aim was to determine the independent associations of muscular fitness (MF), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and waist circumference (WC) with blood pressure (BP) levels over 2 years in children and adolescents. Methods 1089 children (517 females) and 787 adolescents (378 females) with complete data on fitness, WC and BP (systolic [SBP] and diastolic [DBP]) were included. Upper MF was assessed through the handgrip strength test, and lower MF using the standing long jump test. The 20-m shuttle run test was used to assess CRF. WC was obtained following standardized methods. Different regression models were fitted by introducing fitness and WC at baseline and their changes as exposures and BP at follow-up and their changes as outcomes. Results WC at baseline was positively and independently associated with each BP variable at follow-up in children and adolescents (β=0.094–0.260; p≤0.05), and CRF was negatively associated with DBP in adolescents (β=−0.096; p=0.034). WC changes were associated with BP variables 2 years later in children (β=0.121–0.142; p<0.01). In adolescents, changes in upper MF (β=−0.116; p=0.001) and WC (β=0.080–0.098; p<0.05) were associated with SBP at follow-up. WC changes were independently associated with changes in each BP variable in children (β=0.111–0.145; all p<0.05) and SBP changes in adolescents (β=0.103 to 0.117; all p<0.01). Conclusions WC, but neither MF nor CRF, is independently associated with BP and its changes over 2 years. The attainment or maintenance of optimal fatness levels in the pediatric population should be highly encouraged for the prevention of future hypertension.

ACS Style

Alejandro Perez-Bey; Alvaro Delgado-Alfonso; Eivind Aadland; Geir K. Resaland; David Martinez-Gomez; Oscar L. Veiga; Jesus G. Ponce-Gonzalez; Jose Castro-Piñero. Fitness, waist circumference and their association with future blood pressure in youth: The UP&DOWN Longitudinal Study. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 2021, 24, 573 -579.

AMA Style

Alejandro Perez-Bey, Alvaro Delgado-Alfonso, Eivind Aadland, Geir K. Resaland, David Martinez-Gomez, Oscar L. Veiga, Jesus G. Ponce-Gonzalez, Jose Castro-Piñero. Fitness, waist circumference and their association with future blood pressure in youth: The UP&DOWN Longitudinal Study. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2021; 24 (6):573-579.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alejandro Perez-Bey; Alvaro Delgado-Alfonso; Eivind Aadland; Geir K. Resaland; David Martinez-Gomez; Oscar L. Veiga; Jesus G. Ponce-Gonzalez; Jose Castro-Piñero. 2021. "Fitness, waist circumference and their association with future blood pressure in youth: The UP&DOWN Longitudinal Study." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 24, no. 6: 573-579.

Study protocol
Published: 08 February 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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This paper describes the protocol for a study designed to address the high prevalence (40%) of childhood overweight and obesity in the province of Cádiz, Spain, as a reflection of what is happening worldwide. It is widely known that children who suffer from childhood obesity have a higher risk of developing chronic diseases in adulthood. This causes a decrease in the quality of life and an increase in health spending. In this context, it is necessary to intervene promoting healthy lifestyle habits from an early stage. The objective of this project will be to evaluate the effectiveness of a multimodal intervention (individual, school and family) called “PREVIENE-CÁDIZ” [CADIZ-PREVENT]. The intervention will be focused mainly on diet, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle and sleep, to prevent overweight and obesity in schoolchildren from 8 to 9 years old in the province of Cádiz. It will consist of a 10-session education program carried out in the classroom by the teachers. In addition, children will be assigned two workbooks, one to work on in class and the other at home with parents. A workshop aimed at parents will be included to help teach them how to obtain healthier lifestyle habits. The proposed study will involve a quasi-experimental design with a control group.

ACS Style

Rubén Aragón-Martín; María Del Mar Gómez-Sánchez; David Jiménez-Pavón; José Manuel Martínez-Nieto; Mónica Schwarz-Rodríguez; Carmen Segundo-Iglesias; José Pedro Novalbos-Ruiz; María José Santi-Cano; José Castro-Piñero; Carmen Lineros-González; Mariano Hernán-García; Amelia Rodríguez-Martín. A Multimodal Intervention for Prevention of Overweight and Obesity in Schoolchildren. A Protocol Study “PREVIENE-CÁDIZ”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 1622 .

AMA Style

Rubén Aragón-Martín, María Del Mar Gómez-Sánchez, David Jiménez-Pavón, José Manuel Martínez-Nieto, Mónica Schwarz-Rodríguez, Carmen Segundo-Iglesias, José Pedro Novalbos-Ruiz, María José Santi-Cano, José Castro-Piñero, Carmen Lineros-González, Mariano Hernán-García, Amelia Rodríguez-Martín. A Multimodal Intervention for Prevention of Overweight and Obesity in Schoolchildren. A Protocol Study “PREVIENE-CÁDIZ”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (4):1622.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rubén Aragón-Martín; María Del Mar Gómez-Sánchez; David Jiménez-Pavón; José Manuel Martínez-Nieto; Mónica Schwarz-Rodríguez; Carmen Segundo-Iglesias; José Pedro Novalbos-Ruiz; María José Santi-Cano; José Castro-Piñero; Carmen Lineros-González; Mariano Hernán-García; Amelia Rodríguez-Martín. 2021. "A Multimodal Intervention for Prevention of Overweight and Obesity in Schoolchildren. A Protocol Study “PREVIENE-CÁDIZ”." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 1622.

Original article
Published: 23 January 2021 in Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
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Trajectories of physical activity and sedentary time (SED) may differ between subgroups of youth. The aim of this study was to identify group‐based dual trajectories of physical activity and SED and explore individual, social, and environmental correlates of these trajectories. Longitudinal data (three time points, baseline 2011‐2012) of Spanish youth (n = 1597, mean age = 11.94 ± 2.52, 50.9% boys) were used. Moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and SED were assessed objectively at each time point, and 21 potential correlates were self‐reported at baseline. Parallel process growth mixture models identified shared categorical latent groups, adjusting for school and age. Multinomial logistic regression models identified baseline correlates of a given trajectory. Four shared categorical latent groups were identified: (1) stable MVPA and decreasing SED (4%); (2) stable MVPA and increasing SED (3%); (3) consistently higher MVPA (18%); and (4) stable low MVPA and slight increase in SED (75%). Multinomial logistic regression models with group 3 as reference found: negative affect (RRR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.84‐0.97), parental screen‐time rules (RRR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.00‐1.33), and household media equipment (RRR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.05‐1.30) predicted likelihood of group 1 membership; cons of reducing SED (RRR = 2.70, 95% CI 1.77‐4.10) predicted likelihood of group 2 membership; and co‐participation in physical activity with friends (RRR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.69‐0.94), fathers’ modeling of TV viewing (RRR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.02‐1.47), and household media equipment (RRR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.02‐1.31) predicted likelihood of group 4 membership. Results suggest that strategies to improve MVPA and SED behaviors among youth may need to be multifaceted, targeting all levels of influence.

ACS Style

Kate Parker; Anna Timperio; Jo Salmon; Karen Villanueva; Helen Brown; Irene Esteban‐Cornejo; Verónica Cabanas‐Sánchez; José Castro‐Piñero; David Sánchez‐Oliva; Oscar L. Veiga. Correlates of dual trajectories of physical activity and sedentary time in youth: The UP & DOWN longitudinal study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 2021, 31, 1126 -1134.

AMA Style

Kate Parker, Anna Timperio, Jo Salmon, Karen Villanueva, Helen Brown, Irene Esteban‐Cornejo, Verónica Cabanas‐Sánchez, José Castro‐Piñero, David Sánchez‐Oliva, Oscar L. Veiga. Correlates of dual trajectories of physical activity and sedentary time in youth: The UP & DOWN longitudinal study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2021; 31 (5):1126-1134.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kate Parker; Anna Timperio; Jo Salmon; Karen Villanueva; Helen Brown; Irene Esteban‐Cornejo; Verónica Cabanas‐Sánchez; José Castro‐Piñero; David Sánchez‐Oliva; Oscar L. Veiga. 2021. "Correlates of dual trajectories of physical activity and sedentary time in youth: The UP & DOWN longitudinal study." Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 31, no. 5: 1126-1134.

Original article
Published: 10 January 2021 in Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
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This study examines trends in the rates of active commuting to school (ACS) in Spanish children (n=18,343; 8.93±1.68) and adolescents (n=18,438; 14.11±1.58) aged 6‐18 years from 2010 to 2017. Given the study period included the economic crisis in Spain (2008‐2013), the second aim of this study was to compare ACS rates during and after the economic crisis. Data were obtained from 28 studies conducted across Spain. The overall trends in ACS were evaluated using multilevel logistic regression analysis. Among Spanish children and adolescents, the rates of ACS to school ranged around 60% between 2010 and 2017. The rates of ACS in Spanish youth did not change significantly during the 2010‐2017 period, except a sporadic increase in the rate of ACS in adolescents in 2012‐2013. No significant association between the ACS and the economic crisis time period in youth were found. As conclusion, the ACS remains stable in Spain during the last decade, which is a promising result regarding the evidenced decreasing trend in many countries. Further educational and policy strategies are important to continue promoting this behavior in children and adolescents in the long term.

ACS Style

Patricia Gálvez‐Fernández; Manuel Herrador‐Colmenero; Irene Esteban‐Cornejo; José Castro‐Piñero; Javier Molina‐García; Ana Queralt; Susana Aznar; Alberto Abarca‐Sos; David González-Cutre; Josep Vidal‐Conti; Santiago Fernández‐Muñoz; Jerónimo Vida; Alberto Ruiz‐Ariza; Fernando Rodríguez‐Rodríguez; Diego Moliner‐Urdiales; Emilio Villa‐González; Yaira Barranco‐Ruiz; Francisco Javier Huertas‐Delgado; Sandra Mandic; Palma Chillón. Active commuting to school among 36,781 Spanish children and adolescents: A temporal trend study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 2021, 31, 914 -924.

AMA Style

Patricia Gálvez‐Fernández, Manuel Herrador‐Colmenero, Irene Esteban‐Cornejo, José Castro‐Piñero, Javier Molina‐García, Ana Queralt, Susana Aznar, Alberto Abarca‐Sos, David González-Cutre, Josep Vidal‐Conti, Santiago Fernández‐Muñoz, Jerónimo Vida, Alberto Ruiz‐Ariza, Fernando Rodríguez‐Rodríguez, Diego Moliner‐Urdiales, Emilio Villa‐González, Yaira Barranco‐Ruiz, Francisco Javier Huertas‐Delgado, Sandra Mandic, Palma Chillón. Active commuting to school among 36,781 Spanish children and adolescents: A temporal trend study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2021; 31 (4):914-924.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Patricia Gálvez‐Fernández; Manuel Herrador‐Colmenero; Irene Esteban‐Cornejo; José Castro‐Piñero; Javier Molina‐García; Ana Queralt; Susana Aznar; Alberto Abarca‐Sos; David González-Cutre; Josep Vidal‐Conti; Santiago Fernández‐Muñoz; Jerónimo Vida; Alberto Ruiz‐Ariza; Fernando Rodríguez‐Rodríguez; Diego Moliner‐Urdiales; Emilio Villa‐González; Yaira Barranco‐Ruiz; Francisco Javier Huertas‐Delgado; Sandra Mandic; Palma Chillón. 2021. "Active commuting to school among 36,781 Spanish children and adolescents: A temporal trend study." Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 31, no. 4: 914-924.

Journal article
Published: 06 January 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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During the COVID-19 pandemic, entire populations were instructed to live in home-confinement to prevent the expansion of the disease. Spain was one of the countries with the strictest conditions, as outdoor physical activity was banned for nearly two months. This study aimed to analyse the changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviours in Spanish university students before and during the confinement by COVID-19 with special focus on gender. We also analysed enjoyment, the tools used and motivation and impediments for doing physical activity. An online questionnaire, which included the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form and certain “ad hoc” questions, was designed. Students were recruited by distributing an invitation through the administrative channels of 16 universities and a total of 13,754 valid surveys were collected. Overall, university students reduced moderate (−29.5%) and vigorous (−18.3%) physical activity during the confinement and increased sedentary time (+52.7%). However, they spent more time on high intensity interval training (HIIT) (+18.2%) and mind-body activities (e.g., yoga) (+80.0%). Adaptation to the confinement, in terms of physical activity, was handled better by women than by men. These results will help design strategies for each gender to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour during confinement periods.

ACS Style

Ana Rodríguez-Larrad; Asier Mañas; Idoia Labayen; Marcela González-Gross; Ander Espin; Susana Aznar; José Antonio Serrano-Sánchez; Francisco J. Vera-Garcia; Domingo González-Lamuño; Ignacio Ara; Luis Carrasco-Páez; José Castro-Piñero; Mari Carmen Gómez-Cabrera; Sara Márquez; Josep A. Tur; Narcis Gusi; Pedro J. Benito; Diego Moliner-Urdiales; Jonatan R. Ruiz; Francisco B. Ortega; David Jiménez-Pavón; José Antonio Casajús; Jon Irazusta. Impact of COVID-19 Confinement on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour in Spanish University Students: Role of Gender. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 369 .

AMA Style

Ana Rodríguez-Larrad, Asier Mañas, Idoia Labayen, Marcela González-Gross, Ander Espin, Susana Aznar, José Antonio Serrano-Sánchez, Francisco J. Vera-Garcia, Domingo González-Lamuño, Ignacio Ara, Luis Carrasco-Páez, José Castro-Piñero, Mari Carmen Gómez-Cabrera, Sara Márquez, Josep A. Tur, Narcis Gusi, Pedro J. Benito, Diego Moliner-Urdiales, Jonatan R. Ruiz, Francisco B. Ortega, David Jiménez-Pavón, José Antonio Casajús, Jon Irazusta. Impact of COVID-19 Confinement on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour in Spanish University Students: Role of Gender. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (2):369.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Rodríguez-Larrad; Asier Mañas; Idoia Labayen; Marcela González-Gross; Ander Espin; Susana Aznar; José Antonio Serrano-Sánchez; Francisco J. Vera-Garcia; Domingo González-Lamuño; Ignacio Ara; Luis Carrasco-Páez; José Castro-Piñero; Mari Carmen Gómez-Cabrera; Sara Márquez; Josep A. Tur; Narcis Gusi; Pedro J. Benito; Diego Moliner-Urdiales; Jonatan R. Ruiz; Francisco B. Ortega; David Jiménez-Pavón; José Antonio Casajús; Jon Irazusta. 2021. "Impact of COVID-19 Confinement on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour in Spanish University Students: Role of Gender." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2: 369.

Journal article
Published: 29 December 2020 in Applied Sciences
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Laser class is an Olympic sport in which technical and tactical variables are very important in the performance of the sailor. However, the variables that determine performance in a regatta have not been studied, and less so with Olympic sailors. Therefore, the main objectives of this study are to analyze the technical and tactical variables that differentiate sailors based on their level of performance and sex and determine the most important courses in a regatta. The sample consists of 159 Olympic sailors (67 females) of the Laser class, who participated in a World Cup. Velocity made good (VMG), distance, and maneuvers were evaluated using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) devices in the upwind, downwind, and broad reach courses. VMG in upwind and downwind is the technical variable that determines performance in the Laser class. The VMG is decisive in the performance of elite female sailors in the upwind, downwind, and broad reach courses, while in elite male sailors, performance is mainly influenced by speed in upwind and downwind and the distance covered in upwind. The maneuvers do not determine sailing performance in any of the courses of a regatta.

ACS Style

Israel Caraballo; Julio Conde-Caveda; Luka Pezelj; Boris Milavić; José Castro-Piñero. GNSS Applications to Assess Performance in Olympic Sailors: Laser Class. Applied Sciences 2020, 11, 264 .

AMA Style

Israel Caraballo, Julio Conde-Caveda, Luka Pezelj, Boris Milavić, José Castro-Piñero. GNSS Applications to Assess Performance in Olympic Sailors: Laser Class. Applied Sciences. 2020; 11 (1):264.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Israel Caraballo; Julio Conde-Caveda; Luka Pezelj; Boris Milavić; José Castro-Piñero. 2020. "GNSS Applications to Assess Performance in Olympic Sailors: Laser Class." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1: 264.

Journal article
Published: 30 October 2020 in Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports
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Background and Study Aim: One of the most widely applied methods to assess upper-body strength in children and adolescents is the handgrip strength test. While in adolescents it has been determined which elbow position, and which type of dynamometer are most appropriate for achieving the maximal grip strength, in children is still not clear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether elbow position and the type of dynamometer affect the handgrip strength in children. Material and Methods: Grip strength was measured by TKK and DynX dynamometers, and their validity and reliability were also analysed. A total of 60 children, 6 to 11 years old, participated in this study, and performed the handgrip strength test with their elbow extended and flexed at 90°. Results: While using the TKK dynamometer, grip strength was significantly higher when the test was performed with elbow extended, in contrast to those obtained with elbow flexed (14.58±3.04 kg vs 12.97±2.99 kg, p<0.001 for right, and 14.25±3.05 kg vs 12.61±2.99 kg, p<0.001 for left hand). Likewise, when using the DynX dynamometer, the difference between the two elbow positions was smaller but still significant (13.84±3.22 kg vs 13.35±3.01 kg, p=0.035 for right, and 13.35±2.95 kg vs 12.77±2.96 kg, p=0.003 for left hand). Conclusions: Both dynamometers provided sufficient results in terms of their reliability and the TKK dynamometer showed to be more valid. Performing the handgrip strength test with elbow extended appears to be the most appropriate position in order to obtain maximal results in children.

ACS Style

Stefan Kolimechkov; Jose Castro-Piñero; Lubomir Petrov; Albena Alexandrova. The effect of elbow position on the handgrip strength test in children: validity and reliability of TKK 5101 and DynX dynamometers. Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports 2020, 24, 240 -247.

AMA Style

Stefan Kolimechkov, Jose Castro-Piñero, Lubomir Petrov, Albena Alexandrova. The effect of elbow position on the handgrip strength test in children: validity and reliability of TKK 5101 and DynX dynamometers. Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports. 2020; 24 (5):240-247.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stefan Kolimechkov; Jose Castro-Piñero; Lubomir Petrov; Albena Alexandrova. 2020. "The effect of elbow position on the handgrip strength test in children: validity and reliability of TKK 5101 and DynX dynamometers." Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports 24, no. 5: 240-247.

Original article
Published: 02 September 2020 in Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
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No studies have analyzed the longitudinal associations of change in physical fitness components and obesity with academic performance. The aim of the study was to examine longitudinal associations of changes in physical fitness components and body mass index with academic performance among youth, and whether the physical fitness components are moderators of the longitudinal association between obesity and academic performance in youth. Longitudinal analyses (2‐years) included 1,802 youths. Physical fitness components were assessed following the ALPHA health‐related fitness test battery. Academic performance was assessed via school records. Youth in the persistently high cardiorespiratory fitness and motor ability categories (i.e., fit at baseline and at 2‐year follow‐up) had higher academic performance at follow‐up than those in the persistently low category. Further, youth with normal‐weight at baseline and overweight/obesity at follow‐up had lower academic performance scores at follow‐up compared to those with normal‐weight. Also, cardiorespiratory fitness may ameliorate the negative influence of excess body mass index on academic performance at follow‐up. Promoting physical activity programs at school that include both aerobic exercise and motor tasks to improve physical fitness and reduce body mass index may not only improve physical health, but also contribute toward successful academic development.

ACS Style

Antonio García‐Hermoso; David Martinez‐Gomez; Jorge Del Rosario Fernández‐Santos; Francisco B. Ortega; José Castro‐Piñero; Charles H. Hillman; Oscar L. Veiga; Irene Esteban‐Cornejo. Longitudinal associations of physical fitness and body mass index with academic performance. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 2020, 31, 184 -192.

AMA Style

Antonio García‐Hermoso, David Martinez‐Gomez, Jorge Del Rosario Fernández‐Santos, Francisco B. Ortega, José Castro‐Piñero, Charles H. Hillman, Oscar L. Veiga, Irene Esteban‐Cornejo. Longitudinal associations of physical fitness and body mass index with academic performance. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2020; 31 (1):184-192.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio García‐Hermoso; David Martinez‐Gomez; Jorge Del Rosario Fernández‐Santos; Francisco B. Ortega; José Castro‐Piñero; Charles H. Hillman; Oscar L. Veiga; Irene Esteban‐Cornejo. 2020. "Longitudinal associations of physical fitness and body mass index with academic performance." Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 31, no. 1: 184-192.

Journal article
Published: 06 July 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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A device called FeelBreathe (FB)® was designed, developed, and patented for inspiratory muscle training. The main aim was to determine the acute responses on lung ventilation, gas exchange, and heart rate during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with and without the use of FB. In this study, a randomized cross-over trial was performed with 18 men diagnosed with COPD (FEV1 between 30% and 70% of its predicted value). Each participant randomly conducted two trials with 30 min of rest between them with the same protocol on a treadmill for 10 min at a constant rate of 50% of VO2peak. Each test was performed randomly and in a crossover randomized design in two different conditions: (1) oronasal breathing; and (2) nasal breathing with FB (nasal ventilatory flow restriction device). It was observed that FB had positive effects on dynamic hyperinflation, breathing pattern, and breathing efficiency, with higher expiratory and inspiratory time. Despite these differences, blood oxygen saturation percentage, oxygen uptake, and heart rate showed a similar response for both conditions during exercise. The results suggest that exercise performed with FB improved ventilatory responses compared to the oronasal mode in COPD patients. This new tool could be used during most daily tasks and exercise programs.

ACS Style

José L. Gonzalez-Montesinos; Aurelio Arnedillo; Jorge R. Fernandez-Santos; Carmen Vaz-Pardal; Pelayo A. García; José Castro-Piñero; Jesús G. Ponce-González. A New Nasal Restriction Device Called FeelBreathe® Improves Breathing Patterns in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients during Exercise. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 4876 .

AMA Style

José L. Gonzalez-Montesinos, Aurelio Arnedillo, Jorge R. Fernandez-Santos, Carmen Vaz-Pardal, Pelayo A. García, José Castro-Piñero, Jesús G. Ponce-González. A New Nasal Restriction Device Called FeelBreathe® Improves Breathing Patterns in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients during Exercise. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (13):4876.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José L. Gonzalez-Montesinos; Aurelio Arnedillo; Jorge R. Fernandez-Santos; Carmen Vaz-Pardal; Pelayo A. García; José Castro-Piñero; Jesús G. Ponce-González. 2020. "A New Nasal Restriction Device Called FeelBreathe® Improves Breathing Patterns in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients during Exercise." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 13: 4876.

Journal article
Published: 23 June 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Background. Recess is a great opportunity to interrupt sedentary behaviour and increase moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in schoolchildren. This quasi-experimental study aimed to compare the levels of physical activity (PA) during the school day of children in a school intervention programme vs. those in a control group, and to determine compliance with MVPA recommendations. Methods. A sample of 154 schoolchildren (6–12 years old) was obtained from several schools (70 with the intervention and 84 controls). This programme was structured with a duration of 90 min/session and performed three times/week. PA levels were recorded with triaxial accelerometers during the school day: during recess, during a PA session or physical education session (PE), and during lunchtime. No pre-intervention evaluation was performed. Results. The MVPA of the control group was higher than that of the intervention group during the first recess (p < 0.001). None of the groups complied with the recommendations for steps during the PA or PE sessions. During the PA session, sedentary time was lower and MVPA was higher, in the intervention group than in the control group. Fifty percent of the children from the intervention group complied with the MVPA recommendations, vs. 22.7% of those in the control group. Conclusions. The schoolchildren in the intervention group performed more MVPA than those in the control group. Future interventions could include other periods, such as recess and lunchtime, which are opportunities for improving the MVPA levels of schoolchildren.

ACS Style

Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez; Carlos Cristi-Montero; José Castro-Piñero. Physical Activity Levels of Chilean Children in a National School Intervention Programme. A Quasi-Experimental Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 4529 .

AMA Style

Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Carlos Cristi-Montero, José Castro-Piñero. Physical Activity Levels of Chilean Children in a National School Intervention Programme. A Quasi-Experimental Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (12):4529.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez; Carlos Cristi-Montero; José Castro-Piñero. 2020. "Physical Activity Levels of Chilean Children in a National School Intervention Programme. A Quasi-Experimental Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12: 4529.

Original article
Published: 16 April 2020 in Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
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The aim was to examine the bidirectional association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and fatness in a 2‐year longitudinal study conducted in young people. A total of 1082 children (512 females) and 727 adolescents (342 females) with complete data at baseline and follow‐up were included. CRF was determined by the 20‐m shuttle run test. Height and weight were measured and body mass index and fat mass index (kg/m2) were calculated. Triceps and subscapular skinfolds were assessed to compute body fat percentage. Bidirectionality was tested by including CRF and each fatness index as exposures and outcomes, alternatively, in different regression models. CRF was prospectively associated with fatness indices levels (ß from ‐0.186 to ‐0.528; P<0.001), remaining significant in children after adjusting for baseline fatness indices. Fatness indices were prospectively associated with CRF (ß from ‐0.207 to ‐0.479; P<0.001), with no substantial changes observed in children and female adolescents when baseline CRF was considered. Changes in CRF were prospectively associated with several fatness indices, regardless of body fatness at baseline (ß from ‐0.062 to ‐0.220; P<0.05). Body fatness changes were associated with future CRF levels, independently of baseline CRF, especially in children of both sexes and male adolescents (ß from ‐0.079 to ‐0.260; P<0.05). Overall, a bidirectional association was observed between CRF and fatness in children and adolescents. The attainment of optimal CRF and fatness levels in early ages should be promoted since it could result in favourable future fatness and CRF levels respectively, which are two key determinants of health status.

ACS Style

Alejandro Perez‐Bey; Jonatan R. Ruiz; Francisco B. Ortega; David Martinez‐Gomez; Jorge Mota; Oscar L. Veiga; Carl J. Lavie; José Castro‐Piñero. Bidirectional associations between fitness and fatness in youth: A longitudinal study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 2020, 30, 1483 -1496.

AMA Style

Alejandro Perez‐Bey, Jonatan R. Ruiz, Francisco B. Ortega, David Martinez‐Gomez, Jorge Mota, Oscar L. Veiga, Carl J. Lavie, José Castro‐Piñero. Bidirectional associations between fitness and fatness in youth: A longitudinal study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2020; 30 (8):1483-1496.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alejandro Perez‐Bey; Jonatan R. Ruiz; Francisco B. Ortega; David Martinez‐Gomez; Jorge Mota; Oscar L. Veiga; Carl J. Lavie; José Castro‐Piñero. 2020. "Bidirectional associations between fitness and fatness in youth: A longitudinal study." Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 30, no. 8: 1483-1496.

Journal article
Published: 02 April 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Self-rated health (SRH) is an independent determinant for all-cause mortality. We aimed to examine the independent and combined associations of components of physical fitness with SRH at baseline (cross-sectional) and two years later (longitudinal) in children and adolescents. Spanish youth (N = 1378) aged 8 to 17.9 years participated at baseline. The dropout rate at 2-year follow-up was 19.5% (n = 270). Participants were categorized as either children (8 to 11.9 years age) or adolescents (12 to 17.9 years age). The ALPHA health- related fitness test battery for youth was used to assess physical fitness, and SRH was measured by a single-item question. Cumulative link, ANOVA and ANCOVA models were fitted to analyze the data. Cardiorespiratory fitness, relative upper body isometric muscular strength, muscular strength score, and global physical fitness were positively associated with SRH in children (OR, 1.048; 95% CI, 1.020–1.076; OR, 18.921; 95% CI, 3.47–104.355; OR, 1.213; 95% CI, 1.117–1.319, and OR, 1.170; 95% CI, 1.081–1.266, respectively; all p < 0.001) and adolescents (OR, 1.057; 95% CI, 1.037–1.076; OR, 5.707; 95% CI, 1.122–29.205; OR, 1.169; 95% CI, 1.070–1.278, and OR, 1.154 95% CI, 1.100–1.210, respectively; all p < 0.001); and motor fitness was positively associated with SRH only in adolescents at baseline (OR, 1.192; 95% CI, 1.066–1.309; p < 0.01). Cardiorespiratory fitness and global physical fitness were positively associated with SRH in children two years later (OR, 1.056; 95% CI, 1.023–1.091; p < 0.001; and OR, 1.082; 95% CI, 1.031–1.136; p < 0.01; respectively). Only cardiorespiratory fitness was independently associated with SRH in children and adolescents at baseline (OR, 1.059; 95% CI, 1.029–1.090; and OR, 1.073; 95% CI, 1.050–1.097, respectively; both p < 0.001) and two years later (OR, 1.075; 95% CI, 1.040–1.112; p < 0.001; and OR, 1.043; 95% CI, 1.014–1.074; p < 0.01, respectively). A high level of cardiorespiratory fitness at baseline or maintaining high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness from the baseline to 2-year follow-up were associated with a higher level of SRH at 2-year follow-up in children (p < 0.01) and adolescents (p < 0.05). These findings emphasize the importance of cardiorespiratory fitness as strong predictor of present and future SRH in youth. Intervention programs to enhance cardiorespiratory fitness level of the youth population are urgently needed for present and future youth’s health.

ACS Style

Carmen Padilla-Moledo; Jorge Dr Fernández-Santos; Rocio Izquierdo-Gómez; Irene Esteban-Cornejo; Paula Rio-Cozar; Ana Carbonell-Baeza; Jose Castro-Piñero. Physical Fitness and Self-Rated Health in Children and Adolescents: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 2413 .

AMA Style

Carmen Padilla-Moledo, Jorge Dr Fernández-Santos, Rocio Izquierdo-Gómez, Irene Esteban-Cornejo, Paula Rio-Cozar, Ana Carbonell-Baeza, Jose Castro-Piñero. Physical Fitness and Self-Rated Health in Children and Adolescents: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (7):2413.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carmen Padilla-Moledo; Jorge Dr Fernández-Santos; Rocio Izquierdo-Gómez; Irene Esteban-Cornejo; Paula Rio-Cozar; Ana Carbonell-Baeza; Jose Castro-Piñero. 2020. "Physical Fitness and Self-Rated Health in Children and Adolescents: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7: 2413.

Journal article
Published: 18 March 2020 in Journal of Sports Sciences
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The aims of this study were to identify profiles of sedentary behaviour (SB) patterns, based on leisure-time self-reported SB modalities (screen, educative, social, and relaxing) and to evaluate changes in these profiles over 2 years among Spanish youth aged 8-18 years. Latent profile analysis (LPA), a data-driven analytic approach, was used to identify groups of boys and girls (n = 1553; 48% girls; mean±SD age: 12.56 ± 2.49 y) with distinct SB profiles using the SB modalities (time/d) as input variables. Latent transition analysis, an extension of LPA that uses longitudinal data, was used to analyse 2-year changes in these profiles. At baseline, four and three SB profiles were found among boys (labelled: screen, educative, social, and relaxing) and girls (labelled: screen/social, educative, and relaxing), respectively. Overall, more girls (range: 48%-67%) had the same profile over time, than boys (40%-52%). Participants with a screen or relaxing SB profile at baseline were more likely to have an educative profile after 2 years. Youth with a social and an educative SB profile at baseline were more likely to transition to profiles characterized by higher screen and social SB, respectively. Using a novel and person-centered approach, this study identified gender-specific SB profiles that were moderately stable over time.

ACS Style

David Sánchez-Oliva; Rebecca M. Leech; Alberto Grao-Cruces; Irene Esteban-Cornejo; Carmen Padilla-Moledo; Oscar L. Veiga; Verónica Cabanas-Sánchez; José Castro-Piñero. Does modality matter? A latent profile and transition analysis of sedentary behaviours among school-aged youth: The UP&DOWN study. Journal of Sports Sciences 2020, 38, 1062 -1069.

AMA Style

David Sánchez-Oliva, Rebecca M. Leech, Alberto Grao-Cruces, Irene Esteban-Cornejo, Carmen Padilla-Moledo, Oscar L. Veiga, Verónica Cabanas-Sánchez, José Castro-Piñero. Does modality matter? A latent profile and transition analysis of sedentary behaviours among school-aged youth: The UP&DOWN study. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2020; 38 (9):1062-1069.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Sánchez-Oliva; Rebecca M. Leech; Alberto Grao-Cruces; Irene Esteban-Cornejo; Carmen Padilla-Moledo; Oscar L. Veiga; Verónica Cabanas-Sánchez; José Castro-Piñero. 2020. "Does modality matter? A latent profile and transition analysis of sedentary behaviours among school-aged youth: The UP&DOWN study." Journal of Sports Sciences 38, no. 9: 1062-1069.

Journal article
Published: 04 March 2020 in Journal of Sports Sciences
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The aims of this study were (i) to examine the sedentary time (ST) during different time periods [i.e., weekend, out-of-school weekdays hours, school hours, recess, physical education classes (PEC)] in children and adolescents; (ii) to identify 2-year longitudinal changes in the ST for these periods; and (iii) to examine if ST at baseline is associated with ST 2 years later. This was a 2-year follow-up study with 826 (51.9% boys) children and 678 (50.7% boys) adolescents. Accelerometers were used to assess ST. Students spent more than 60% of their weekend, out-of-school hours and school hours in ST. During these periods, girls and adolescents were more sedentary than boys and children, respectively (p < 0.05). Over 2-year follow-up, ST increased during the weekend, out-of-school hours, school hours and recess in all subgroups studied (p < 0.001). ST during PEC declined 2% per year in children (p < 0.001) but it increased in adolescents (p < 0.05). ST during the periods analysed at baseline was lowly associated with ST during these periods 2 years later (intraclass correlations from <0.001 to 0.364). Interventions in these settings may be adequate if the intention is to avoid ST increase in students.

ACS Style

Alberto Grao-Cruces; David Sánchez-Oliva; Carmen Padilla-Moledo; Rocío Izquierdo-Gómez; Verónica Cabanas-Sánchez; Jose Castro-Piñero. Changes in the school and non-school sedentary time in youth: The UP&DOWN longitudinal study. Journal of Sports Sciences 2020, 38, 780 -786.

AMA Style

Alberto Grao-Cruces, David Sánchez-Oliva, Carmen Padilla-Moledo, Rocío Izquierdo-Gómez, Verónica Cabanas-Sánchez, Jose Castro-Piñero. Changes in the school and non-school sedentary time in youth: The UP&DOWN longitudinal study. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2020; 38 (7):780-786.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alberto Grao-Cruces; David Sánchez-Oliva; Carmen Padilla-Moledo; Rocío Izquierdo-Gómez; Verónica Cabanas-Sánchez; Jose Castro-Piñero. 2020. "Changes in the school and non-school sedentary time in youth: The UP&DOWN longitudinal study." Journal of Sports Sciences 38, no. 7: 780-786.