Migrant relocation (MR) is an important way to solve social and ecological problems. Current studies have mainly used the sample survey method to analyze the social and economic benefits of migrant relocation from a micro perspective but less from a global perspective to analyze the impact of migrant relocation on cropland abandonment (CA). Therefore, in order to balance regional cropland utilization and poverty alleviation, this paper aimed to analyze the impact of a MR program on cropland abandonment (CA) on a macro scale. The results showed that during 2011–2020, the relocation scale and resettlement scale of the MR program in Pingli County were 10.691 km² and 4.535 km², respectively. MR programs can be divided into three types, namely, out-migration, in-migration, and vacant, accounting for 67.98%, 30.90%, and 1.12%, respectively. The amount of CA is 35.910 km². There was a threshold effect of the impact of MR on CA. Specifically, when MR ≤ 0 or MR > 0.258%, it has an inhibitory role on CA; when 0 < MR ≤ 0.258%, it promotes the occurrence of CA. Therefore, policy makers need to accurately assess the current situation of villages and adopt a phased and regional strategy to avoid the CA caused by large-scale relocation. These findings not only contribute to the sustainable use of cropland in the study area but also have significant implications for effective governance and poverty eradication in other poor and ecologically fragile regions around the world, such as Africa and Brazil.

Built-environment differences across transit-oriented development (TOD) types shape the capitalization of metrorail accessibility into housing prices, generating spatially heterogeneous effects. Using Shanghai as a case study, this study calculates by-transit accessibility (BTA) based on transit supply–demand ratios and interstation passenger flows and derives metrorail accessibility through a distance-decay function. These measures, alongside station locations and built-environment indicators, inform an extended Node–Place model using K-means clustering to identify TOD types. Building on this classification, distance-threshold and price-grouped hedonic models are employed to examine the spatial heterogeneity of accessibility-price relationships. Results reveal clear spatial differentiation in TOD types. Accessibility thresholds generally increase from the urban core to peripheral areas, ranging from 359.5 to 766.77 m in Stressed and Extended TODs to 885.82–1543.75 m in Balanced and Demand TODs, indicating that no uniform station catchment radius applies across TOD contexts. The direction and degree of accessibility effects also vary by station-area development, distance, and housing price group. TAZ metrorail accessibility is positively associated with housing prices, with stronger effects on upper-middle- and high-price housing in Stressed, Extended, and Balanced TODs, but on low-price and high-price housing near Demand TODs. These differences suggest unequal opportunities to benefit from transit-related locational advantages. The findings inform better coordination of transport, land use, and housing toward more equitable and sustainable urban development.

The low-carbon transition is increasingly mineral-intensive, raising the question of whether industrial-metal market conditions coincide with different carbon-intensity adjustments across inherited mineral structures. We examine 45 Asian and Pacific economies over 2005–2022 (756 economy-year observations), combining a real aluminium–copper–nickel–tin–zinc price index with predetermined mineral dependence measured from 1995–2004 non-fuel mineral rents. Economy and year fixed-effects estimates indicate a positive exposure gradient: across the interquartile exposure difference, a one-standard-deviation larger annual metal-price movement is associated with a 0.00577-log-point (0.58%) differential in annual carbon-intensity change. Design-aware inference is weaker than conventional economy-clustered inference (economy-CR2/Satterthwaite p = 0.0571; exact circular-shift p = 0.0556). The accounting decomposition yields point estimates of 0.0097 for primary-energy intensity and 0.0012 for CO₂ per unit of primary energy, although their difference is not statistically distinguished under CR2 inference. Allowing world industrial activity and oil-price movements to separate mineral dependence slopes reduces the focal coefficient to 0.00448 (p = 0.474), and identifying support is concentrated among materially mineral-dependent economies. The evidence documents a bounded exposure-conditioned association embedded in the wider industrial and commodity cycle. For planning, the findings support assessing energy demand, efficiency, and the carbon characteristics of supporting energy supply alongside mineral development decisions.