The BRI’s flagship project under the umbrella of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), which promotes economic and regional connectivity through infrastructure development and bilateral policy coordination. Please write in English language. In this way Pakistan could transform its economy and at the same time improve energy security and generate new jobs. The economic prospects of CPEC have several challenges, from doubts of debts sustainability to environmental issues (including climate change) to security and soft-balancing threats to uneven distribution of benefits across the region. In this respect, the economic worth of CPEC illustrates its efforts to promote infrastructure growth as well as industrial development. The Gwadar Port and several transportation networks along with the special economic zones (SEZs) work together to enhance trade operations while attracting FDI from foreign investors. It also aims to create sustainable economic conditions in Pakistan through industrial development including coal energy along with hydro power and renewable projects within CPEC. Pakistani worries about becoming economically reliant on Chinese loans that can potentially constrain its capacity to service rising debt have covered the promise of CPEC. Pakistan's economic sovereignty and long-term fiscal stability are threatened by uncontrolled borrowing that has already resulted in a financial turmoil, according to economic analysts. Security challenged are major hindrances for CPEC project within the boundaries of Baluchistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa regions, causing insurgent violence being a threat for workers and infrastructure. Security concerns for both Chinese personnel and local employees led authorities to form special security forces. Political disputes over the distribution of CPEC benefits among Pakistan's provinces exacerbate economic disparities between sections of the country. Policies should be clear to different parties; it is necessary to plan for the economy while all departments are to work together for CPEC's success, said government. CPEC development poses major challenges to environmental sustainability. Large industrial projects and urban expansion for decades led to deforestation along with the movement of people into the countryside, and increased rates of carbon emissions. People face the need to combine sustainable environmental practices with economic progress through proper enforcement of regulations and green development methods which can minimize damaging consequences. This research examines CPEC's dual function between fostering economic growth and its serious implementation complications. A research-oriented evaluation examines CPEC's economic dimensions and political and environmental factors to establish long-term strategic planning which supports sustainable development. CPEC functions as an example for regional economic integration and South Asia's future economic course when operators solve issues involving debt management security protection and equitable development and environmental preservation. A comprehensive strategic approach enabled by proper policies will transform Pakistan into a major global trading power through risk mitigation and benefit optimization.

This study examined the empirical exercise of the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth in Pakistan. This research covered the period of 1990-2024. Gross domestic product per capita (economic growth) is taken as the dependent variable, while foreign direct investment, gross fixed capital formation (domestic investment), inflation, and trade openness are taken as independent variables. This study contains secondary data that is taken from the World Bank Database (WDI). For empirical estimations ADF test is used to check the stationarity of the data. The F-Bound test approach and the ARDL model are used to find the short-run and long-run relationship among the variables. The findings of the study depict that foreign direct investment and domestic investment positive relationship with economic growth. In this study, trade openness shows an insignificant effect until the imports remain positive. For policy implications, it is recommended that foreign direct investment be attracted to Pakistan for the country's sustainable development. The State Bank should focus on monetary policy to enhance the development of the country.

The low-carbon transition is increasingly mineral-intensive, raising the question of whether industrial-metal market conditions coincide with different carbon-intensity adjustments across inherited mineral structures. We examine 45 Asian and Pacific economies over 2005–2022 (756 economy-year observations), combining a real aluminium–copper–nickel–tin–zinc price index with predetermined mineral dependence measured from 1995–2004 non-fuel mineral rents. Economy and year fixed-effects estimates indicate a positive exposure gradient: across the interquartile exposure difference, a one-standard-deviation larger annual metal-price movement is associated with a 0.00577-log-point (0.58%) differential in annual carbon-intensity change. Design-aware inference is weaker than conventional economy-clustered inference (economy-CR2/Satterthwaite p = 0.0571; exact circular-shift p = 0.0556). The accounting decomposition yields point estimates of 0.0097 for primary-energy intensity and 0.0012 for CO₂ per unit of primary energy, although their difference is not statistically distinguished under CR2 inference. Allowing world industrial activity and oil-price movements to separate mineral dependence slopes reduces the focal coefficient to 0.00448 (p = 0.474), and identifying support is concentrated among materially mineral-dependent economies. The evidence documents a bounded exposure-conditioned association embedded in the wider industrial and commodity cycle. For planning, the findings support assessing energy demand, efficiency, and the carbon characteristics of supporting energy supply alongside mineral development decisions.