The study evaluated the severity of leaf spots caused by Bipolaris maydis and Cercospora fusimaculans in Panicum maximum subjected to different liming and phosphate fertilization levels. A randomized block design was used in a 6 × 2 × 5 factorial arrangement, considering six genetic materials of P. maximum, two cultivars (BRS Tamani and BRS Zuri) and four genotypes (PM422, PM408, PM414 and PM406), two phosphorus (P) doses (P19 and P116 mg dm³) and five limestone doses (0, 326, 653, 1306 and 2612 mg dm³). A significant interaction between Forage and P doses was observed for both pathogens (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0001, respectively). The severity of C. fusimaculans decreased at P116 in the genotypes PM406, PM408, PM422 and Tamani. A P × Limestone interaction was detected for both pathogens (p = 0.0270 and p = 0.0077), with lower severity at P116. For B. maydis, limestone doses did not significantly differ. For C. fusimaculans, at P19, lower severity was observed at 1306 mg dm⁻³ limestone, while at P116, the lowest severity occurred at 2612 mg dm⁻³. No significant Forage × Limestone interaction was found. The Forage × P doses × Days interaction (p = 0.0005) influenced B. maydis severity, while the Forage × Days interaction (p < 0.0001) affected C. fusimaculans. Phosphate fertilization and liming reduce the severity of Bipolaris maydis and Cercospora fusimacula in different genotypes on Panicum maximum.

In recent years, Brazil has distinguished itself as the world leader in the production, consumption, and export of forage seeds. This position in the agricultural landscape has been consolidated through the use of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandú seeds. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize the sanitary and physiological quality of seed lot samples from the 2018-2019 crop of U. brizantha, cultivar Marandú, marketed by four forage seed companies in the city of Campo Grande, MS, obtained in 2020 for analysis and stored in paper bags under average environmental conditions of 21.9°C (temperature) and 68% (relative humidity), respectively. To evaluate the sanitary quality of the seeds, the Blotter Test was performed. Physiological evaluation included a germination test alongside biometric tests, such as seedling length, seedling dry mass, emergence in sand, length of emerged seedlings in sand, dry mass of emerged seedlings in sand, and weight of one thousand seeds. The incidence of various fungi was verified, with 89.2% in samples from company A, 89.7% from company B, 98% from company C, and 86.7% from company D; germination values ranged from 53.2% to 91.2%, and for emergence in sand, all values obtained were below 60% in the U. brizantha cv. Marandú seeds analyzed. The results revealed low sanitary and physiological quality in all batches, regardless of the company, during the period when the tests were conducted. Keywords: Forage Seeds. Fungi. Germination. Physiological Quality.