(1) Background: Pediatric urinary tract infections (UTIs) pose significant challenges due to drug-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains. This study utilizes whole-genome sequencing to analyze temporal trends in antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in clinical E. coli isolates from pediatric UTI cases in central Vietnam. (2) Methods: We conducted whole-genome sequencing on 71 E. coli isolates collected from pediatric UTI patients between 2018 and 2020. ARGs were identified, and their prevalence over time was analyzed. Statistical tests were used to correlate ARG presence with antibiotic resistance. (3) Results: Of the 47 E. coli isolates with complete data, 40 distinct ARGs were identified, with a median of 10 resistance genes per isolate. A significant increase in the total number of ARGs per isolate was observed over time, from an average of 8.88 before June 2019 to 11.63 after. Notably, the prevalence of the aadA2 gene (aminoglycoside resistance) rose from 0% to 26.7%, and that of the blaNDM-5 gene (beta-lactam and carbapenem resistance) increased from 0% to 23.3%. Key correlations include blaEC with cephalosporin resistance, blaNDM-5 with carbapenem resistance, and sul2 with sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim resistance. (4) Conclusions: Whole-genome sequencing reveals complex and evolving antibiotic resistance patterns in pediatric E. coli UTIs in central Vietnam, with a marked increase in ARG prevalence over time. Continuous surveillance and targeted treatments are essential to address these trends. Understanding genetic foundations is crucial for effective intervention strategies.

Background: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) prevent severe disease in children, but high costs limit access. PCV10-SII (PNEUMOSIL), a 10-valent PCV prequalified by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019, offers a cost-effective alternative. This study assessed its safety and immunogenicity in Vietnamese children aged 6 weeks–24 months. Methods: An open-label, single-arm study enrolled 304 children in three age groups: 6 weeks–6 months (n = 151), >6–12 months (n = 76), and >12–24 months (n = 77). Participants received two or three doses. Safety was evaluated through immediate reactions, adverse events (AEs), serious adverse events (SAEs), and withdrawals. Immunogenicity was measured 28 days after the final dose using serotype-specific IgG geometric mean concentrations (GMCs), opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) titers, and seroresponse rates. The trial was approved by the IRB of the National Ethics Council (code: No. 75/CN-HĐĐĐ on date 4 June 2021) and was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05140720. Results: Of 304 enrolled participants, 294 (96.7%) completed follow-up. No immediate adverse events or serious adverse events occurred. Unsolicited adverse events were reported in 17%, mainly respiratory, while serious adverse events occurred in 4%. Mild local/systemic reactions (e.g., injection site pain, crying) resolved without sequelae. Immunogenicity was strong, with GMCs 1.8–9.11 µg/mL, GMTs 277.8–22,342, and seroresponse rates >90% for 9 of 10 serotypes, serotype 6B demonstrated a slightly lower seroresponse rate of 88.6%. Conclusions: PCV10-SII demonstrated favorable safety and robust immunogenicity, supporting its inclusion in national immunization programs as an affordable option for pneumococcal disease prevention.

The dengue virus, transmitted by Aedes spp mosquitoes and encompassing four serotypes (DEN-1 to DEN-4), causes dengue fever. The biomarker NS1 plays a pivotal role in diagnosing dengue fever through specific immune tests. Methods: The methodology includes employing an Indirect ELISA with the recombinant antigen rAgNS1-DENV1-4, capable of identifying IgM/IgG antibodies for all four dengue serotypes in patient blood samples. This method compares the sensitivity and specificity with realtime PCR. Results: The Indirect ELISA immune tests utilizing the rAgNS1-DENV1-4 antigen demonstrate a sensitivity of 95.9% and specificity of 99.33%, with a cut-off threshold of 0.353. The positive predictive value is 95.21%, and the negative predictive value is 99.43%. Conclusion: The recombinant antigen rAgNS1-DENV1-4 successfully attains a dependable threshold for detecting IgM/IgG antibodies in Dengue hemorrhagic fever. Virus Dengue (DENV) gây bệnh sốt xuất huyết Dengue (SXHD), được truyền qua muỗi Aedes aegypti, gồm bốn týp khác nhau (DEN-1 đến DEN-4). Kháng nguyên NS1 là dấu ấn sinh học quan trọng trong việc chẩn đoán SXHD thông qua các xét nghiệm miễn dịch đặc hiệu. Mục tiêu: Đánh giá độ nhạy, độ đặc hiệu của kháng nguyên NS1 tái tổ hợp gộp 4 chủng để phát hiện kháng thể kháng DENV bằng kỹ thuật ELISA. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Dùng kỹ thuật ELISA gián tiếp sử dụng kháng nguyên tái tổ hợp rAgNS1-DENV1-4 có khả năng nhận diện cho cả 4 chủng Dengue nhằm phát hiện kháng thể IgM/IgG trong mẫu máu bệnh nhân (BN) mắc SXHD. So sánh độ nhạy, độ đặc hiệu với xét nghiệm real-time PCR. Kết quả: Xét nghiệm miễn dịch ELISA gián tiếp sử dụng kháng nguyên rAgNS1-DENV1-4 cho độ nhạy 95,9% và độ đặc hiệu 99,33% với ngưỡng cut-off 0,353. Giá trị tiên đoán dương tính là 95,21%, và giá trị tiên đoán âm tính là 99,43%. Kết luận: Kháng nguyên tái tổ hợp rAgNS1-DENV1-4 đạt ngưỡng giá trị tin cậy trong xét nghiệm miễn dịch phát hiện kháng thể IgM/IgG ở mẫu máu BN mắc SXHD.

Background: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) prevent severe disease in children, but high costs limit access. PNEUMOSIL®, a 10-valent PCV prequalified by World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019, offers a cost-effective alternative. This study assessed its safety and immunogenicity in Vietnamese children aged 6 weeks–24 months. Methods: An open-label, single-arm study enrolled 304 children in three age groups: 6 weeks–6 months (n=151), >6–12 months (n=76), and >12–24 months (n=77). Participants received two or three doses. Safety was evaluated through immediate reactions, adverse events (AEs), serious adverse events (SAEs), and withdrawals. Immunogenicity was measured 28 days after the final dose using serotype-specific IgG geometric mean concentrations (GMCs), opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) titers, and seroresponse rates. The trial was approved by the IRB of the National Ethics Council (code: No. 75/CN-HĐĐĐ on date June 4th, 2021) and was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05140720. Results: Of 304 enrolled participants, 294 (96.7%) completed follow-up. No immediate adverse events or serious adverse events occurred. Unsolicited adverse events were reported in 17%, mainly respiratory, while serious adverse events occurred in 4%. Mild local/systemic reactions (e.g., injection site pain, crying) resolved without sequelae. Immunogenicity was strong, with GMCs 1.8–9.11 µg/mL, GMTs 277.8–22,342, and >90% achieving seroresponse for all 10 serotypes. Conclusions: PNEUMOSIL® demonstrated favorable safety and robust immunogenicity, supporting its inclusion in national immunization programs as an affordable option for pneumococcal disease prevention.

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng của bệnh nhân sốt xuất huyết dengue được điều trị nội trú tại Bệnh viện Quân y 103 và Bệnh viện Quân y 175. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Áp dụng phương pháp nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang, tiến cứu, trên 727 bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán sốt xuất huyết dengue nhập viện và điều trị nội trú tại hai Bệnh viện Quân y 103 và Bệnh viện Quân y 175. Kết quả: Tuổi trung bình mắc sốt xuất huyết 36,8 tuổi, tỷ lệ lệ SXH mức độ nặng 3,98%; tỷ lệ bệnh nhân bị sốc SXH 1,3%; tràn dịch các màng 15,5% tập trung chủ yếu nhóm tuổi từ 18 đến dưới 60; tỷ lệ giảm tiểu cầu khoảng 96,3%; Hematocrit tăng chiếm khoảng từ 30,1%; Tỷ lệ tăng GOT 88,2%; GPT 73,8%, bilirubin TT 17,4%; bilirubin TP 7,9%, tỷ lệ bất thường về albumin 27,3%; glucose 52,8%; ure và creatinin 16,8%; CRP 25,6%. Không có sự liên quan giữa mức độ nặng của sốt xuất huyết với tiền sử đã bị mắc các bệnh mạn tính. Kết luận: Tỷ lệ SXH mức độ nặng 3,98%; tỷ lệ bệnh nhân bị sốc sốt xuất huyết 1,3%; tràn dịch các màng 15,5%; tỷ lệ giảm tiểu cầu khoảng 96,3%; trên 80% bệnh nhân có tăng men gan, rối loạn chức năng thận 16,8%.