Background: Excoriation disorder (dermatillomania) is a body-focused repetitive behavior characterized by recurrent skin picking that leads to tissue injury, emotional distress, and impaired functioning. Although formally classified in ICD-11 and DSM-5, the disorder remains underrecognized in clinical settings and often co-occurs with other psychiatric conditions. This review summarizes current evidence on the epidemiology, clinical profile, comorbidity patterns, and available treatment strategies, underscoring its clinical burden and therapeutic relevance. Methods: A narrative review of peer-reviewed clinical studies, epidemiological analyses, neurobiological investigations, and treatment trials was conducted, focusing on prevalence, risk factors, clinical outcomes, and therapeutic interventions for excoriation disorder. Results: The disorder affects approximately 3–4% of the population, predominantly females, with onset most often during adolescence and a chronic, relapsing course. Commonly affected areas include the face, arms, and hands, with episodes frequently preceded by anxiety or tension and followed by temporary relief. High rates of comorbidity, particularly with depression, anxiety, OCD, and body dysmorphic disorder, contribute to psychosocial disability, reduced quality of life, and an elevated risk of suicidal ideation. Clinical studies support behavioral therapies, especially cognitive-behavioral approaches such as habit reversal training, as first-line treatment. Pharmacological options, including serotonergic, opioid, or glutamatergic agents, as well as lamotrigine, show benefit in selected cases, although response rates remain variable. Conclusions: Excoriation disorder is a prevalent and burdensome condition with substantial psychiatric overlap and functional consequences. Early detection and integrated treatment combining behavioral interventions with targeted pharmacotherapy when appropriate are essential to improving outcomes and reducing long-term morbidity.

Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial ocular-surface disorder characterized by loss of tear-film homeostasis, resulting in ocular discomfort, visual disturbances, and progressive surface damage. While intrinsic factors such as age, sex, autoimmune disease, and systemic medications influence susceptibility, lifestyle and environmental determinants—including prolonged screen time, poor sleep, contact-lens wear, smoking, and suboptimal diet—have emerged as important, modifiable contributors to disease onset and severity. Addressing these factors is critical for effective prevention and management. Methods: This narrative review synthesizes evidence from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (1990–2025) on associations between lifestyle behaviors and DED. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, cohort and cross-sectional studies, and systematic reviews published in English. Emphasis was placed on identifying modifiable behaviors that impact tear-film stability, ocular-surface inflammation, and symptom burden. Results: Evidence indicates that extended digital-screen use, disrupted sleep, contact-lens wear, and smoking increase DED risk and exacerbate symptoms. Conversely, interventions targeting modifiable behaviors—such as scheduled visual breaks, hydration, improved sleep hygiene, eyelid hygiene, smoking cessation, and nutritional optimization—are associated with improved tear-film stability, reduced inflammation, and symptomatic relief. Conclusions: Lifestyle behaviors play a critical role in DED pathogenesis and progression. Integrating behavioral counseling into clinical practice and public-health strategies provides a low-cost, patient-empowering approach to reduce disease burden and improve ocular-surface health.

Background: Sleep plays a crucial role in mental health throughout life. Disrupted, insufficient, or irregular sleep has been linked to adverse emotional, cognitive, and psychological outcomes from childhood through older adulthood. Early identification and intervention may mitigate long-term consequences of sleep disturbances. Methods: A narrative review of peer-reviewed literature published between 2015 and 2025 was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar. The review focused on sleep duration, sleep quality, circadian disruption, and their associations with mental health outcomes across different age groups. Results: Across all life stages, poor sleep was consistently linked to higher risks of depression, anxiety, cognitive impairments, and subclinical psychotic symptoms. Vulnerability was particularly pronounced in adolescents, young adults, and older adults. The relationship between sleep and mental health appeared to be bidirectional, with sleep disturbances both contributing to and resulting from psychiatric symptoms. Interventions focused on improving sleep, such as sleep hygiene programs and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia, were shown to enhance sleep quality and alleviate a range of mental health difficulties. Conclusion: Sleep is a modifiable and clinically significant factor for mental health. Integrating sleep assessment and interventions into routine mental health care, along with public education and population-level strategies, may substantially enhance mental well-being across the lifespan.

Background: Simulation-based team training (SBTT) is increasingly applied in emergency medicine (EM) to enhance interprofessional collaboration and non-technical skills within high-acuity, time-critical scenarios in the emergency department. Effective teamwork—encompassing communication, leadership, situational awareness, and coordination—is critical for patient safety. Evidence on SBTT remains heterogeneous, particularly regarding clinical outcomes and adoption of emerging technologies. Methods: This narrative review synthesizes literature from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar (1984–2025) on SBTT in EM. Eligible studies included systematic and narrative reviews, randomized and non-randomized studies, and qualitative reports. Data extraction focused on simulation modalities, educational strategies, non-technical skill development, and reported effects on team performance and clinical outcomes. Results: SBTT has been shown to improve communication, leadership, situational awareness, and coordination across diverse contexts and modalities, including low- and high-fidelity manikins, virtual reality, and augmented reality. Pilot applications of artificial intelligence have shown potential for adaptive scenarios, individualized feedback, and performance analytics, although evidence in EM remains limited. SBTT also supports workflow efficiency, protocol adherence, and simulated clinical performance. However, data linking training to sustained behavioral change and patient-level outcomes remain limited. Conclusions: SBTT constitutes a valuable educational approach for interprofessional EM teams, fostering non-technical skills and team-based competencies. Its effectiveness relies on structured pedagogy, standardized frameworks, and high-quality debriefing rather than technological fidelity alone. Integration of innovative technologies may enhance scalability and individualized learning. Further longitudinal and multicenter research is required to clarify SBTT’s impact on clinical practice, patient outcomes, and sustainable implementation within EM training programs.

Research Objectives: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in young children, particularly in infants under six months. This review aims to synthesize recent clinical and epidemiological data to identify age groups at the highest risk for severe RSV disease. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed for studies published between 2020 and 2025, focusing on pediatric populations aged 0–5 years with laboratory-confirmed RSV infection. Cohort, prospective, and retrospective studies, as well as clinical guidelines, reporting hospitalization rates, intensive care unit admissions, oxygen therapy, and risk factors such as prematurity and comorbidities were included. Data were analyzed narratively to assess relationships between age, prematurity, comorbidities, and disease severity. Key Findings: The youngest infants (0–5 months) accounted for most hospitalizations and were most likely to require intensive care. Prematurity increased hospitalization risk approximately with earlier gestational age correlating with higher severity. Comorbidities further elevated the risk of prolonged hospitalization and intensive care, especially in older children. Introduction of RSV prophylaxiy substantially reduced hospitalization rates among infants, particularly those 0–2 months. Seasonal trends and epidemiological shifts, influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, affected RSV incidence and severity. Conclusions: Age is the primary determinant of severe RSV outcomes, with prematurity and comorbidities acting as significant modifiers. Early identification of high-risk infants and targeted prophylactic strategies are essential to reduce hospitalization and optimize healthcare resource allocation. Continuous monitoring and evaluation of prevention strategies across age groups remain crucial.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. Regular physical activity (PA) is increasingly recognized as a modifiable factor influencing both cancer prevention and patient outcomes. This review summarizes current evidence on the role of PA in CRC prevention, treatment, and survivorship, emphasizing its clinical significance and underlying biological mechanisms. Methods: A narrative review of recent randomized trials, cohort studies, and meta-analyses published in peer-reviewed journals was conducted. Studies addressing PA in relation to CRC incidence, recurrence, postoperative recovery, and treatment-related outcomes were included. Results: Evidence consistently demonstrates that regular PA reduces the risk of colorectal adenomas and cancer by approximately 20–30%. In CRC survivors, structured exercise programs improve physical and psychological well-being, mitigate treatment-related side effects, and may decrease recurrence and mortality risk. Randomized trials such as CHALLENGE and PHYSSURG-C highlight that supervision, intensity, and duration are critical for achieving clinical benefits. The beneficial effects of PA are mediated by metabolic, inflammatory, and immune pathways, including improved insulin sensitivity, reduced systemic inflammation, and enhanced immune function. Conclusions: Regular physical activity should be considered as a component of colorectal cancer prevention and survivorship care, offering measurable benefits for both clinical outcomes and quality of life.