The Marburg virus (MARV), discovered in 1967, has led to devastating outbreaks over the world; the mortality rate of Marburg virus disease (MVD) varies according to the outbreak and viral type. The very first known filovirus hemorrhagic fever outbreaks occurred in Germany and the former Yugoslavia. MVD is a deadly illness caused by the MARV virus, part of the Filoviridae family. It progresses with early viral replication that damages immune cells, followed by destruction of organs like the spleen, liver, and lymphoid tissues. Combatting this disease requires proper health education, and strong strategies. MVD is a lethal single-stranded RNA virus transmitted by Egyptian rousette bats, with a fatality rate of approximately 90%. This work explored ongoing studies on the recent vaccine developments and experimental therapies, such as a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-based vaccine and MVA-BN-Filo, aiming to combat this deadly infection. Over the previous years, MARV has also spread to non-endemic African countries, demonstrating its potential to cause epidemics. Although MARV-specific vaccines are evaluated in preclinical and clinical research, none have been approved for human use. Studies revealed that Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara, a well-established viral vector used to generate vaccines against emerging pathogens, can deliver multiple antigens and has a remarkable clinical safety and immunogenicity record. MVD has been recently reported in Rwanda in 2024, an African country, and nearly 15 outbreaks of MVD have been reported. This review describes the nature of the MVD, key outbreaks, the virus’s pathogenesis, mode of transmission, clinical and laboratory diagnosis, and control and prevention measures to advance MVD treatment, drug development, vaccine creation, and prevention of MVD.

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This study investigates how Early Childhood Development (ECD) services influence school readiness and academic performance in Bigogwe Sector, Rwanda. Focusing on early learning, nutrition, healthcare, parental involvement, and personalized support, the research used a mixed-methods approach surveying 282 parents and caregivers and interviewing local leaders and ECD staff. Findings reveal that well-rounded ECD services significantly enhance children's literacy, numeracy, communication, and social-emotional skills, fostering confidence and motivation for learning. Nutrition and health support were also key to ensuring consistent school attendance and active participation. However, challenges such as limited funding, staffing shortages, and poor infrastructure hinder effective service delivery. The study concludes that holistic ECD programs are critical for long-term educational success and development. It calls for increased investment, better caregiver training, and stronger parental and community engagement. This research underscores the transformative power of comprehensive ECD services in laying a strong foundation for lifelong learning and future achievement.