Web recommendation systems are helpful in overcoming the excess information on web by retrieving the information required by the user with respect to user's or similar users' preferences and interests. In order to make web recommendation system work, web users have to be clustered based on their common interest. The web user clusters are used to obtain the knowledge about the web pages accessed. This knowledge can be used for prefetching of web pages, finding web pages that are frequently accessed together, etc. This paper presents a modification in the original CA clustering algorithm for grouping of web users with respect to access pattern of web pages. The original CA algorithm uses the basic “Fuzzy C Means (FCM) algorithm” to compute the membership matrix. The modified CA algorithm uses a superior FCM algorithm, namely, the Density Weighted FCM (DWFCM) instead of the basic FCM. Experiments are conducted on the datasets obtained from the UCI repository. It is found that the modified CA clustering method exhibits superior capability of clustering when compared to the CA clustering method.

Accurate and early identification of ocular diseases is essential to prevent vision impairment and enable timely medical intervention. In routine clinical practice, ophthalmologists rely on a structured diagnostic workflow that incorporates multiple imaging modalities to manually assess and diagnose ocular diseases. However, interpreting each modality requires significant clinical experience and can be time-consuming. These limitations can be effectively addressed through the application of AI (Artificial intelligence)-driven multimodal fusion techniques. In this study, we conducted an empirical investigation to assess the impact of different fusion strategies—including early, intermediate, and late fusion—on diagnostic performance, training requirements, and interpretability. The proposed methodology was evaluated using three publicly available datasets: FFA-Fundus (Fundus fluorescein angiography), GAMMA (Glaucoma Analysis and Multi-Modal Assessment), and OLIVES (Ophthalmic Labels to Investigate Visual Eye Semantics). Experimental results demonstrate that multimodal feature fusion improves disease detection performance. Although fused models typically required an increase in training parameters compared to single-modality models, they provided interpretability on par with that of individual single-modal networks. However, inference time increased by approximately 50% for multimodal architectures. These findings underscore the value of integrating diverse ophthalmic imaging modalities to enhance diagnostic accuracy in automated disease detection systems. At the same time, the results highlight that unimodal models containing highly discriminative features can also perform competitively, particularly when a single modality is sufficient for disease identification. Multimodal fusion provides the greatest benefit in scenarios where complementary information across modalities contributes distinct and non-redundant features. Furthermore, fusing all available modalities may not be optimal due to increased computational cost and reduced inference efficiency; thus, selective modality integration and lightweight fusion strategies are essential to balance accuracy, interpretability, and efficiency in clinical deployment.