This letter aims at analyzing the potentialities of the ground-based microwave radar interferometry technique for the dynamic characterization of civil infrastructures. This technique has been applied to estimate the fundamental dynamic parameters of the reinforced concrete Musmeci bridge in Basilicata region (southern Italy). The results have been validated by the comparison with the ones obtained applying consolidated techniques using data from accelerometers and tromometers. The good agreement obtained could suggest the joint application of such techniques as a new technological approach to set up a non-invasive and non-destructive evaluation procedure for structural health monitoring of infrastructures.

In the last decades, the availability of multi-source, multi-scale, and multi-resolution remote sensing data and the consequent progress of processing techniques brought a significant positive impact for landslide detection. As a result, nowadays also public institutions dealing with geo-hazard management worldwide regularly use satellite data and products in landslide investigations. Due to the complexity of the phenomenon which might involve the displacement of massive rocks, soil, and both wet and dry vegetation from hillslopes, and the significant impact on the safety of the population and road infrastructure, the development of specific procedures for the rapid detection of landslides is extremely challenging. This is particularly important in the first phases of landslide risk management to evaluate the extension of the area involved by the movement and proceed with an initial delimitation of the so-called alarm zone, where preventive evacuation must be applied. In this study, the wide-ranging Tasseled Cap Transformation (TCT) is proposed as a not-sophisticated and rapid method able to detect different land-change features simultaneously by processing only two (pre- and post-event) Sentinel-2 images. The RGB color composite image obtained by stacking δTCT_Brightness, δTCT_Greenness, and δTCT_Wetness, as the intensity of red (R), green (G) and blue (B) was able to provide information on landscape changes supported by the physical nature of the TCT indices, by associating the colors to the physical characteristics of the changes. The method tested over the Pomarico site in Basilicata region (Southern Italy), was able to define the footprint of a landslide occurred in 2019 with a good accuracy (ACC = 0.95). Therefore, the proposed procedure is effective to detect landslides involving land-surface spectral changes (the majority), without the need of additional in-situ information. Furthermore, the free availability of the Sentinel-2 database and its frequent revisit times guarantee its global exportability.

How can the interaction between the seismological community and society contribute to the exploitation and usage of renewable energy resources? We try to provide an answer by describing the seismic experiment realized in March–April 2025 in the hydrothermal area close to Contursi Terme municipality (Southern Italy). We deployed a 29-station seismic array thanks to the availability of local citizens, civic administrations, schools, and accommodation facilities, which provided hosting and power for six-component seismological instruments over a one-month period. By computing the Probabilistic Power Spectral Densities (PPSD) and spectrograms, we assessed the noise level and the quality of the dataset. The seismic recordings were also used for studying the local seismic response of the area by the HVSR method and detecting small magnitude (1.4–4.2) local and regional earthquakes. We thus described some solutions to tackle the challenges of a possible geothermal exploitation project in the area: (a) to map the energy resource through a tomography on good-quality ambient-noise data; (b) to manage the seismic risk related to the resource exploitation by installing a proper local seismic network; (c) to increase the acceptance by the population through a citizen-science action for instituting a fruitful alliance between different actors of civil society.

Civil infrastructures (i.e bridges, galleries ...) are crucial parts of the road asset and their possible degradation, with related consequences, may have great social, economical and safety impacts. On these grounds, the periodic monitoring of such infrastructures, from a static and dynamic point of view, is required for identifying possible changes in the structure properties, in order to prevent serious damages and disasters.In this study we propose an integrated geophysical approach by using non-invasive and non-destructive seismic and electromagnetic techniques with standard and low-cost sensors. It has been implemented to understand the static and dynamic properties of the Gravina bridge and its interaction with foundation soils. Gravina Bridge is a bow-string bridge located few km far from Matera (Southern Italy) and developing for 144 m along a steel-concrete deck. First, the properties of the foundation soils were studied by carrying out three high-resolution geo-electrical tomographies, one bi-dimensional seismic array and two single-station seismic noise measurements. Then, the structural characteristics of the bridge were inferred through seismic and electromagnetic sensing. The former was performed by means of recordings by accelerometers and velocimeters. The accelerometers were installed in a continuous acquisition mode, along the deck and on the top of the arch. In that way, several local and regional earthquakes were recorded and detected. The velocimeters were deployed along different seismic array configurations for on-demand ambient noise recordings, in normal traffic conditions and during vibration tests. The latter were executed by using vehicles as dynamic sources.The electromagnetic sensing was performed by using the Microwave Radar Interferometer: it was placed below the deck to measure the displacements of all the scenario illuminated by the antenna beam providing a continuous mapping of the static and dynamic displacements of the entire target.The acquired dataset was analyzed both in frequency and time-frequency domain in order to characterize the stationary and non-stationary response of the monitored bridge in terms of fundamental frequencies of vibration, equivalent viscous damping factors and modal shapes. The consistency between the results retrieved by different geophysical techniques provides therefore an importan hint about the reliability of the described approach.

To address this gap, geological and geomorphological surveys were integrated with Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (H/V) analyses of ambient seismic noise and earthquake recordings. The combined dataset constrains both the internal architecture and the dynamic response of the landslide body. ERT imaging identifies a resistivity discontinuity at approximately 20–30 m depth, while H/V analysis reveals a consistent seismic impedance contrast at comparable depths, interpreted as a lithological boundary within the unstable mass rather than the sliding surface. Within the landslide, H/V results show a spatially variable response. Along the longitudinal axis, spectral signatures are consistent with quasi-one-dimensional resonance conditions, enabling simplified inversion and depth estimation. Toward the margins, broadened and asymmetric peaks, coupled with pronounced azimuthal dependence, indicate multidimensional effects related to lateral heterogeneity, structural disruption, and geomorphological control. Azimuthal analysis further highlights a partial geometric correspondence between preferred vibration directions, slope morphology, and previously documented displacement vectors. The identified resonance frequencies (2–4 Hz) fall within the range commonly reported for low- to mid-rise masonry buildings in similar geological contexts. Although no direct measurements of structural response were performed, this correspondence suggests that possible soil–structure interaction effects may warrant further investigation. Overall, the results demonstrate that non-invasive geophysical methods provide a consistent framework for characterizing the subsurface and dynamic behaviour of urban landslides, supporting improved multi-hazard assessment and risk-informed planning in complex Apennine settings.